Role of Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) in Pathological Angiogenesis and Prostate Tumor Growth PDF Download
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Author: Ravikumar Aalinkeel
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781611229752
Category : Neovascularization
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease present in an enzymatically inactive form in human serum at a concentration of nanograms/ml; serum PSA (S-PSA) is used widely as a surrogate marker in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer (CaP). However, the vast majority of PSA produced in the prostate is secreted as active enzyme into the seminal fluid or is sequestered within the prostate tissue microenvironment. This book examines the role of the prostate-specific antigen in prostate tumour growth.
Author: Ravikumar Aalinkeel
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781611229752
Category : Neovascularization
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease present in an enzymatically inactive form in human serum at a concentration of nanograms/ml; serum PSA (S-PSA) is used widely as a surrogate marker in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer (CaP). However, the vast majority of PSA produced in the prostate is secreted as active enzyme into the seminal fluid or is sequestered within the prostate tissue microenvironment. This book examines the role of the prostate-specific antigen in prostate tumour growth.
Author: Christina Lee Grant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) transmembrane peptidase is highly expressed on endothelial cells of tumor vasculature and on epithelial cells in advanced and metastatic prostate carcinoma where its expression correlates with tumor progression. While the expression pattern of PSMA makes it a potentially attractive target for therapeutic development, the precise function of PSMA in either tumor associated endothelium or prostate epithelial cells is not clear. PSMA has been shown to be significantly and universally up-regulated on the vasculature of solid tumors, while it is absent in normal, quiescent vessels suggesting it may play a role in pathologic angiogenesis. Inhibiting the enzymatic activity of PSMA leads to a decrease in endothelial cell adhesion, invasion and migration in vitro, processes which are necessary for angiogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that PSMA may play a role in angiogenesis in vivo. We examined tumor initiation, growth and metastasis in a transgenic model of tumor progression in wild-type and PSMA-null animals. We also investigated the relative contribution of tumor vs. endothelial PSMA expression using PSMA positive tumor allografts into wild type or PSMA null mice, and show that PSMA expression on endothelial cells is necessary for tumor angiogenesis. We also showed that PSMA contribution to pathologic angiogenesis was not restricted to tumor angiogenesis, using a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity to show that PSMA function changes outcome in this model. Understanding the contribution of PSMA to angiogenesis progression will further understanding of diseases involving pathologic blood vessel growth. While angiogenesis occurs during normal development and in healing wounds, it is also involved in processes which involve the growth of new blood vessels, such as tumor growth and metastasis and the pathologic overgrowth of vessels into the eye which often results in blindness. Better understanding of the molecules regulating this process may lead to new therapies for tumor metastasis and for diseases involving detrimental angiogenesis.
Author: D.P. Wood
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537995
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common newly diagnosed cancer among men in the United States today. With the advent of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, the number of newly diagnosed cases has increased tremendously. The rates of PCa have increased so dramatically over the last decade that the age-adjusted incidence rate of PCa is no greater than that for any other cancer among men in the United States. Although PCa rates have risen steadily since 1973, there has been a dramatic acceleration in the late 1980s which has been associated with the introduction and use of PSA for screening and early detection. There is now some evidence that the rates may be levelling off and even decreasing in some areas. After lung cancer, PCa is the leading cause of death due to cancer in men in the United States. Although PCa can occur in younger men, it is essentially a cancer of elderly men. The highest rates of PCa in the world occur among African-American men in the United States. African-Americans have higher rates than Caucasians at all age levels in the United States, and adjusting for social-economic status does not appear to account for this difference to any appreciable extent. There is no clear reason why PCa rates are so much greater among African-Americans compared with Caucasians in the United States. The reported rates in Africans are substantially lower than those of an African-American, suggesting that environmental factors have an influence on PCa. In spite of this substantial impact on our society. PCa remains a relatively understudied disease, with an essentially unknown etiology. The reviews contained in this book are by no means exhaustive. We have, however, attempted to provide information regarding the pathology of prostate cancer, the status of diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as a discussion of our understanding of the molecular basis for the disease. The biology of prostate cancer is covered with a discussion on the role of apoptosis in prostate cancer and the suggestion of it being the target for new therapeutic development, as well as the role played by integrins and angiogenesis. The status of current therapies, both hormonal and chemotherapy, are also discussed. This volume should provide a useful background for individuals wishing to commence an in-depth understanding of prostate cancer.
Author: Ushma Doshi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is extensively used as a biomarker for early diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. The physiological function of PSA in liquefying the seminal clot is well understood. However, the role of PSA in growth and progression of prostate cancer still remains unknown. PSA has been reported to have anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activities in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of PSA on angiogenic growth factor expression in epithelial and endothelial cells. Methods: Column chromatography was used to purify free-PSA (f-PSA) from human seminal plasma. Confluent monolayers of prostate cancer epithelial cell line, PC-3M and endothelial cells, HUVEC were treated with f-PSA at different concentrations and for various time periods. q-PCR studies were performed to determine the changes in expression of various genes that are known to regulate tumor growth and metastasis. The following genes were examined for the above studies: VEGF, KDR, FGF-2, Ang-1, FAK, Twist-1, p38 MAPK, Pim-1 and PTEN. Gene expression studies in PC-3M cells were validated by determining the changes in secreted VEGF protein on f-PSA treatment by ELISA. Results: Treatment with f-PSA suppressed the expression of pro-angiogenic and pro-migratory genes in both cell lines. The optimum treatment conditions in PC-3M cells included 1℗æM or 10℗æM f-PSA treatment for 48 hours. Gene expression in HUVEC cells was significantly inhibited after 24 hours treatment with 10℗æM f-PSA. Dose-dependent response was gene specific. In contrast to VEGF gene expression, there was an increase in secreted VEGF protein on f-PSA treatment. However, this anomaly needs further investigation. Conclusion: f-PSA affects the expression of angiogenic growth factors and genes involved in migration and metastasis in both tumor epithelial cells and vasculature cells. The concentration of f-PSA used for the experiments is relevant since it is similar to PSA concentrations in the extracellular fluid of the prostate and in primary prostate cancer. This study supports the hypothesis that PSA potentially has anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activities in prostate cancer.
Author: Christina Lee Grant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Author: Manfred Wirth
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110807270
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used extensively as a serum marker to screen for prostate cancer and is also used as a surrogate marker to assess response to therapy for prostate cancer. The physiologic role of PSA in normal prostate biology is uncertain but the protein appears to play a role in reproduction by enhancing sperm mobility. PSA is a serine protease with chymotrypsin-like specificity. PSA, through it proteolytic activity, may plan an important role in prostate cancer progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and/or metastasis. To date, no lab has successfully produced a mammalian cell line that makes large amounts of enzymatically active PSA. This inactivity appears to be due to lack or, or incomplete processing of, Pro-PSA to the active form, presumably due to the absence of the necessary processing protease. Currently available prostate cancer cell lines and mouse models producing enzymatically inactive PSA are not useful for developing these prodrug therapies or for understanding the role of PSA in the biology of prostate cancer. we have generated a modified PSA gene that was used to generate cell lines that produce much higher levels of total PSA and most of this PSA is enzymatically active. This PSA gene was used to generate mice that produce PSA in their prostates. These mice can be used to study role of PSA in biology of prostate cancer and to test PSA-activated prodrug therapies.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781910790595
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Roger S. Kirby
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 1910797375
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Prostate cancer is unusual among solid tumors in that the majority of affected men die with, rather than of, the disease. This presents many challenges to healthcare professionals and patients in terms of deciding if, when and how to intervene in order to control tumor growth and spread, thereby extending survival but without compromising quality of life. This is the ninth edition of 'Fast Facts: Prostate Cancer' since 1996, testament to the rapid changes in the field and the steadily improving outlook for patients. This new edition provides many key updates: • the Gleason grade grouping, which has valuable prognostic value • nomograms to evaluate risk • our rapidly expanding understanding of the genetics and underlying pathogenesis of prostate cancer and the development of genomic tests to help identify those at greatest risk of developing clinically significant disease • the continuing debate about the role of PSA in the screening, detection and monitoring of prostate cancer • advances in imaging techniques, particularly multiparametric MRI, which is improving the accuracy of biopsy and reducing the numbers of negative biopsies • the roles of drugs, surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer at different stages, and our ever-improving understanding of when and how best to intervene, aided by improving understanding of the risk factors for disease progression. Primarily intended for primary care providers, specialist nurses, junior doctors and allied healthcare professionals, this highly readable resource provides a comprehensive overview of prostate cancer, enabling fully informed discussions with patients about this complex disease. Contents: • Epidemiology and pathophysiology • Diet, lifestyle and chemoprevention • Screening and early detection • Diagnosis, staging and prognostic indicators • Management of clinically localized disease • Managing recurrence after initial therapy • Management of metastatic prostate cancer • Management of castrate-resistant prostate cancer • Survivorship and treatment complications
Author: Scott M. Dehm
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303032656X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 483
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Book Description
The purpose of this book is to provide a contemporary overview of the causes and consequences of prostate cancer from a cellular and genetic perspective. Written by experts in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, cell biology, genetics, genomics, cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation, the text covers aspects of prostate cancer from disease initiation to metastasis. Chapters explore in depth the cells of origin for prostate cancer, its genomic subtypes, neural transcription factors in disease progression, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and many other topics. This book distinguishes itself from other texts on prostate cancer by its focus on cellular and genetic mechanisms, as opposed to clinical diagnosis and management. As a result, this book will be of broad interest to basic and translational scientists with familiarity of these topics, as well as to trainees at earlier stages of their research careers.
