Author: E. Marotta
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1786205653
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Co-published with IAVCEI This Special Publication is a contribution from The Cities and Volcanoes Commission of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior. The Commission’s role is to encourage the exchange of experiences on volcanic islands to identify best practice in hazard assessment, monitoring techniques and risk mitigation strategies. The volume contains nine papers from internationally recognized authors that present studies undertaken on Ischia Island and Stromboli in the Mediterranean Sea, Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean, and the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean. This volume will be of interest to all scientists working in the assessment of volcanic hazard and risk mitigation.
Author: Roberto Scarpa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 876
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Book Description
Author: Richard A. Warrick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Natural disasters
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Author: John H. Latter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642737595
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 621
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Book Description
The contributions in this book were presented, orally or as posters, at the International Volcanological Congress held in New Zealand from 1 to 9 February 1986, the centenary year of the Tarawera eruption of 10 June 1886. More than 500 people, from 29 countries, attend ed the Congress. Most of these works formed part of Symposium 4, "Volcanic Hazards - Prediction and Assess ment", convened by J.H. Latter, R.R. Dibble, D.A. Swanson and C.G. Newhall. The collection represents over half of the published abstracts of Symposium 4, together with three papers given at the Symposium, which lacked abstracts, and two which were part of Symposium 1 on pyroclastic flow deposits. The contribu tions cover a good proportion of the volcanically active parts of the world, with Italy, Japan, the West Indies and the USA especially well represented. Mount Erebus, Vulcano and Rabaul are individual volcanoes which have been treated in particular detail. Unfor tunately, there are no chapters in the book dealing with Africa, the Atlantic islands (except Iceland), Hawaii, Central America (except Mexico), or South America (in spite of the major disaster at Nevado del Ruiz Volcano in 1985).
Author: Ana Malheiro
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031250427
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
This book comprises the selected proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Natural Hazards (NATHAZ’22), Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira Island, Azores, 2022. The book interests all researchers and practitioners in Earth Sciences, Volcanic Risks, Natural Hazards, Geoethics, Environmental Sciences and Engineering. Terceira is a volcanic island with volcanic systems with caldera (Cinco Picos, Guilherme Moniz, Santa Bárbara and Pico Alto central volcanoes) and an active fissural zone defined by various alignments of small volcanic cones, lava domes and fault zones. The agricultural landscape, the natural and forest reserve, as well as the natural pools make the island a unique place to visit. The historic downtown of Angra do Heroísmo is a UNESCO world heritage, and several iconic buildings witness the island’s geodynamic history. Natural hazards result from a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on humans. That damaging effect is often called natural disasters. Among the natural hazards and potential disasters to be considered are: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, subsidence, floods, droughts and coastal erosion. In addition, anthropogenic hazards occur as a result of human interaction with the environment. They comprise technological risks due to exposure to hazardous substances in the environment. Natural systems in different frameworks require a comprehensive understanding of climatology, geology, hydrology and volcanic data, processes and dynamics. Thus, it is important to perform hazard and risk assessment studies to accomplish hazard mitigation. In addition, it highlighted the role of variability and climate change in Earth systems. Furthermore, an accurate understanding of the natural systems and interactions with engineering, geodiversity and natural resources is vital to the entire socioeconomic sector. This book is expected to offer an overview of natural hazards in model regions in Europe, America, Asia and the Atlantic islands. It gives new insights into the characterization, assessment, protection, and modelling of geological hazards, volcanic systems, urban areas, coastal zones and engineering approaches by international researchers and professionals. The scientific committee comprises lead geoscientists, natural hazards related practitioners, and academics worldwide. The main topics include: 1. Multi-hazards and risks: sustainable society, disasters and geoethics 2. Natural hazards and assessment: rock falls, landslides, urban planning and management 3. Sustainable Earth systems: hazards and climate change 4. Terceira Island geology and geodiversity: meeting volcanological hazards in the Azores
Author: Joachim Gottsmann
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331958412X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
This open access book summarizes the findings of the VUELCO project, a multi-disciplinary and cross-boundary research funded by the European Commission's 7th framework program. It comprises four broad topics: 1. The global significance of volcanic unrest 2. Geophysical and geochemical fingerprints of unrest and precursory activity 3. Magma dynamics leading to unrest phenomena 4. Bridging the gap between science and decision-making Volcanic unrest is a complex multi-hazard phenomenon. The fact that unrest may, or may not lead to an imminent eruption contributes significant uncertainty to short-term volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Although it is reasonable to assume that all eruptions are associated with precursory activity of some sort, the understanding of the causative links between subsurface processes, resulting unrest signals and imminent eruption is incomplete. When a volcano evolves from dormancy into a phase of unrest, important scientific, political and social questions need to be addressed. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers of volcanic phenomena, professionals in volcanic hazard and risk assessment, observatory personnel, as well as emergency managers who wish to learn about the complex nature of volcanic unrest and how to utilize new findings to deal with unrest phenomena at scientific and emergency managing levels. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Author: Carina J. Fearnley
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319440977
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 771
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Book Description
This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of volcanic crisis research, the goal being to establish ways of successfully applying volcanology in practice and to identify areas that need to be addressed for future progress. It shows how volcano crises are managed in practice, and helps to establish best practices. Consequently the book brings together authors from all over the globe who work with volcanoes, ranging from observatory volcanologists, disaster practitioners and government officials to NGO-based and government practitioners to address three key aspects of volcanic crises. First, the book explores the unique nature of volcanic hazards, which makes them a particularly challenging threat to forecast and manage, due in part to their varying spatial and temporal characteristics. Second, it presents lessons learned on how to best manage volcanic events based on a number of crises that have shaped our understanding of volcanic hazards and crises management. Third, it discusses the diverse and wide-ranging aspects of communication involved in crises, which merge old practices and new technologies to accommodate an increasingly challenging and globalised world. The information and insights presented here are essential to tapping established knowledge, moving towards more robust volcanic crises management, and understanding how the volcanic world is perceived from a range of standpoints and contexts around the globe.
Author: Rebecca Alcorn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geographic information systems
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
Valles caldera, in north-central New Mexico, is considered one of the largest rhyolitic volcanoes in the United States due to the great amount of volcanic activity over the last 1.61 Ma. Although Valles caldera is currently dormant, there is potential for future volcanic activity, and therefore it is prudent to assess the risk to the surrounding area well before a disaster strikes. The primary objective of this study is to develop one of the first volcanic risk assessments of the Valles caldera region through the evaluation of the spatial extent of different volcanic hazards and the assessment of social and economic vulnerability of the area at risk. In this study, hazard maps are generated with a GIS-based volcanic hazards tool designed to simulate ash fallout, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), and lava flows based on the Late Quaternary (~55 ka) eruptions from within Valles caldera. Simulated ash fall deposits originating from El Cajete crater are calibrated to isopach and lithic isopleth maps of the Lower and Upper El Cajete ash fall deposits as constructed by Wolff et al. (2011) with modern environmental conditions. Additionally, the calibration of PDCs is conducted based on the distribution and runout of the Battleship Rock Ignimbrite. Once calibrated, hazards are simulated at two other vent locations determined from probability distributions of structural features, in order to generate the final hazard maps. In assessing communities' hazard preparedness, social vulnerability is evaluated for all census-designated places within the study site through a principal component analysis of twenty-four variables shown to increase or decrease social vulnerability. Also, to assess the expected loss from hazards, economic vulnerability is evaluated through a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) of population, land use, infrastructure, and economic production, where each factor is categorized and assigned a value representing relative vulnerability based on cost and importance. Ultimately, the hazard maps and vulnerability assessments are aggregated through weighted linear combination and pairwise comparison matrices, creating a total of five risk maps. Although the actual maps provide greater detail, overall, the risk maps show that ash fall has the greatest impact, effecting areas up to 50 km S/SE of the caldera, including highly vulnerable cities, such as Los Alamos, White Rock, and Santa Fe. The PDCs and lava flow hazards, however, impact significantly smaller areas, primarily disturbing low vulnerability forest. The methodology presented in this paper allows for a robust analysis of the risk the Valles caldera area is faced with in the event of volcanic hazards, which is especially useful in focusing mitigation strategies to reduce the loss from such hazard events.
Author: Judy Fierstein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Volcanic hazard analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Pete Stelling
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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