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Author: Marshall J. Farr
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461210623
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Book Description
A. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDl,2 This report reviews and interprets research on the nature and magnitude of the effects of those factors which influence how well knowledge and skills (K&S) are retained over relatively long periods of nonuse. Our interest lies in the kinds of knowledge domains and skills that military personnel must master to function effectively on their jobs. The practical concern impelling this study is that K&S degradation or loss (which we will refer to as "decay") can and does occur, often and severely enough, to jeopardize military preparedness. There are occasions in all the military services when personnel who have just completed their training do not receive an opportunity to practice or use their new capabilities for weeks or months. In the case of reservists who may be called back to active duty, the period of nonuse of relevant military job skills may be counted in terms of years. B. OBJECTIVES The overall objective is to critically analyze the relevant scientific literature which relates the processes involved in learning to those of memory, taking into account the characteristics of the learner and the learning tasks. More specifically, we have focused on the following sub-objectives: 1. Identify, describe and rank the influence and the interactions of the important major variables that affect long-term retention (LTR); 1 I am indebted to Dr. Jesse Orlansky, Institute for Defense Analyses, for his encouragement and guidance through all phases of this report.
Author: Marshall J. Farr
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461210623
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 171
Get Book Here
Book Description
A. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDl,2 This report reviews and interprets research on the nature and magnitude of the effects of those factors which influence how well knowledge and skills (K&S) are retained over relatively long periods of nonuse. Our interest lies in the kinds of knowledge domains and skills that military personnel must master to function effectively on their jobs. The practical concern impelling this study is that K&S degradation or loss (which we will refer to as "decay") can and does occur, often and severely enough, to jeopardize military preparedness. There are occasions in all the military services when personnel who have just completed their training do not receive an opportunity to practice or use their new capabilities for weeks or months. In the case of reservists who may be called back to active duty, the period of nonuse of relevant military job skills may be counted in terms of years. B. OBJECTIVES The overall objective is to critically analyze the relevant scientific literature which relates the processes involved in learning to those of memory, taking into account the characteristics of the learner and the learning tasks. More specifically, we have focused on the following sub-objectives: 1. Identify, describe and rank the influence and the interactions of the important major variables that affect long-term retention (LTR); 1 I am indebted to Dr. Jesse Orlansky, Institute for Defense Analyses, for his encouragement and guidance through all phases of this report.
Author: Robert A. Wisher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military education
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
"This report reviews what is known about forgetting as it applies to military tasks. It includes research conducted by the Army Research Institute as well as related work performed by the Air Force and Navy and leading academic institutions. The report distinguishes the memory for knowledge and skill related to procedural tasks, cognitive tasks, and perceptual-motor tasks. Memory for task knowledge has been demonstrated to be quite good. Memory for cognitive skills has been demonstrated to be quite good. Memory for psychomotor skills varies, depending on whether the task is continuous, such as riding a bicycle, or discrete, such as executing the separate performance steps involved in disassembling a rifle. Throughout the report, figures depict the relative sustainment or decay of a skill as reported in the research literature. A final section concerns the factors that influence the reacquisition of a skill after extended periods of nonuse, as might occur during a mobilization."--DTIC.
Author: Elizabeth Ligon Bjork
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080536190
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 609
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Book Description
Memory conveys the state of knowledge regarding human memory. This book is composed of seven parts beginning with a discussion on different memory structures and the processes that regulate the flow of information between those structures. A chapter follows on the distinction between explicit and implicit memory. Other chapters address the different aspects of storing information in long-term memory; how information in long-term memories is accessed; and the controlling and monitoring of such storage and retrieval processes. How memory capacities and characteristics vary as a function of individual differences and aging, as well as the implications of memory research for two real-world domains of strong interest: witness interrogation and testimony and the long-term retention of skills and knowledge, are also addressed. This handbook will be an important resource for students of human memory.
Author: Joseph Psotka
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780805801927
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Book Description
The power and potential of current ITS technology is described here by the designers and builders of major ITS projects. The book illustrates how, in less than a decade, the field of Intelligent Tutoring Systems has advanced from experimental systems in universities to systems that perform practical, real-world tasks. Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons Learned provides a first-hand, detailed account of how these systems were designed and built out of state-of-the-art technology. The essays build on the basic research foundations of the field and define the abilities and limitations of current knowledge. With this critical volume, teachers and industrial trainers have a realistic view of the future of their professions, and students, researchers, and professionals in AI, education, cognitive science, and psychology have both an introduction to the field and a comprehensive reference.
Author: Annette Kluge
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9400750498
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
This book provides the first comprehensive literature review on the acquisition and retention of complex skills in High Reliability Organizations. Based on this review, it introduces a theoretical model of how skill and knowledge acquisition for complex tasks is accomplished and shows how this model can be used to derive training methods and instructional techniques. Successful acquisition and retention of complex technical skills within High Reliability Organizations requires a full understanding of the learning process, knowledge structure, and skill requirements associated with the effective operation and management of technology. For researchers and for organizations, the understanding of these processes is vital for designing training programs as well as for reducing errors with severe consequences for human lives and the environment. Until now, only theoretical fragments exist on this topic, and only a very limited number of publications actually address complex tasks in vocational/occupational settings. “The Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills for Task Work and Teamwork to Control Complex Technical Systems ” uses its literature overview and theoretical model to formulate training principles, that can be used to develop training experiments for further empirical investigations as well as training methods for applied organizational contexts.
Author: Theodore M. Shlechter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer-assisted instruction
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309047471
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
The archer stands and pulls back the bow, visualizing the path of the arrow to the target. Does this mental exercise enhance performance? Can we all use such techniques to improve performance in our daily lives? In the Mind's Eye addresses these and other intriguing questions. This volume considers basic issues of performance, exploring how techniques for quick learning affect long-term retention, whether an expert's behavior can serve as a model for beginners, if team performance is the sum of individual members' performances, and whether subliminal learning has a basis in science. The book also considers meditation and some other pain control techniques. Deceit and the ability to detect deception are explored in detail. In the area of self-assessment techniques for career development, the volume evaluates the widely used Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
Author: Winfred Arthur, Jr.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136689400
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
Skill and knowledge retention is a major issue and concern in learning and skill acquisition, especially when trained or acquired skills (or knowledge) are needed after long periods of nonuse. The goal of this book is to summarize and advance the thinking of critical issues related to skill retention and decay in the context of individual and team training on complex tasks. This volume will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of industrial and organizational psychology, human factors, organizational behavior, and human resources management.
Author: Jeanne Ellis Ormrod
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107165113
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
This book introduces readers to principles and research findings about human learning and cognition in an engaging, conversational manner.
Author: Michael J. Kahana
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197746144
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 2426
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Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of Human Memory provides an authoritative overview of the science of human memory, its application to clinical disorders, and its broader implications for learning and memory in real-world contexts. Organized into two volumes and eleven sections, the Handbook integrates behavioral, neural, and computational evidence with current theories of how we learn and remember. Overall, The Oxford Handbook of Human Memory documents the current state of knowledge in the field and provides a roadmap for the next generation of memory scientists, established peers, and practitioners.
