Role of Eukaryotic Sel-1 Like Repeat Containing Genes in Helicobacter Pylori Evolution and Pathogenesis PDF Download
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Author: Kalyani Putty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Helicobacter pylori
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) establishes life-long gastric infection in billions of humans, and is often responsible for diseases such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Cumulative actions of genetic drift and natural selection over several millennia sculpted the present Hp population structure, which is characterized by extreme genetic diversity and striking geographic clustering of genotypes. Natural selection is more commonly imprinted in DNA sequences of Hp proteins that interact with host components; however, in most instances biological relevance of selection during Hp infection remains unknown. Here, I attempted to elucidate the consequence of natural selection in two different contexts: (1) on the preservation of duplicated genes in Hp genome; and (2) lineage-specific adaptive evolution in Hp virulence protein HepC. Principle Findings: I characterized the molecular evolutionary dynamics of paralogs, hcpC and hcpG, which belong to the Hp Sell-like gene family. hcpG genomic analyses identified three distinct states in natural Hp populations, whereby hcpG was either deleted, pseudogenized or encoded highly polymorphic alleles. In contrast, full-length hcpC alleles were conserved in all genomes. Although positive selection was detected in the phylogenies of hcpG and hcpC indicating that both genes had evolved under pressure to diversify, the intensity of selection was much stronger on hcpG than hcpC. The contribution of hcpC to Hp fitness, in the AGS cell culture infection model, was significantly greater than hcpG; however, both genes together demonstrated an additive effect on Hp fitness during infection (24 hrs pj.: S.1hcpc= 0.264 vs. S.1hcpG= 0.074, P
Author: Kalyani Putty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Helicobacter pylori
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) establishes life-long gastric infection in billions of humans, and is often responsible for diseases such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Cumulative actions of genetic drift and natural selection over several millennia sculpted the present Hp population structure, which is characterized by extreme genetic diversity and striking geographic clustering of genotypes. Natural selection is more commonly imprinted in DNA sequences of Hp proteins that interact with host components; however, in most instances biological relevance of selection during Hp infection remains unknown. Here, I attempted to elucidate the consequence of natural selection in two different contexts: (1) on the preservation of duplicated genes in Hp genome; and (2) lineage-specific adaptive evolution in Hp virulence protein HepC. Principle Findings: I characterized the molecular evolutionary dynamics of paralogs, hcpC and hcpG, which belong to the Hp Sell-like gene family. hcpG genomic analyses identified three distinct states in natural Hp populations, whereby hcpG was either deleted, pseudogenized or encoded highly polymorphic alleles. In contrast, full-length hcpC alleles were conserved in all genomes. Although positive selection was detected in the phylogenies of hcpG and hcpC indicating that both genes had evolved under pressure to diversify, the intensity of selection was much stronger on hcpG than hcpC. The contribution of hcpC to Hp fitness, in the AGS cell culture infection model, was significantly greater than hcpG; however, both genes together demonstrated an additive effect on Hp fitness during infection (24 hrs pj.: S.1hcpc= 0.264 vs. S.1hcpG= 0.074, P
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Christine Hunefeldt
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
ISBN: 1438108281
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Understanding the recent social unrest and political developments in Peru requires a thorough understanding of the country's past
Author: Vishvanath Nene
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540740422
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 253
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Book Description
Achievements and progress in genome mapping and the genomics of microbes supersede by far those for higher plants and animals, in part due to their enormous economic implication but also smaller genome size. In the post-genomic era, whole genome sequences of animal-associated microbes are providing clues to depicting the genetic basis of the complex host-pathogen relationships and the evolution of parasitism; and to improving methods of controlling pathogens. This volume focuses on a globally important group of intracellular prokaryotic pathogens which affect livestock animals. These include Brucella, Mycobacterium, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, as well as the protozoan pathogens Cryptosporidium and Theileria, for which genome sequence data is available. Insights from comparative genomics of the microbes described provide clues to the adaptation involved in host-microbe interactions, as well as resources potentially useful for application in future research and product development.
Author: Barbara H. Iglewski
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323148670
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Molecular Basis of Bacterial Pathogenesis focuses on the molecular mechanism of disease associated with bacterial pathogens. Topics covered include the population genetics of bacterial pathogenesis; environmental modulation of gene expression in gram-negative pathogens; and bacterial invasion and intracellular growth. Bacterial toxins are also discussed. This volume is comprised of 20 chapters and begins with an overview of pathogenesis, paying particular attention to common elements and genetic mechanisms of regulation. The discovery that many bacterial pathogens are clonal, with individual clones often having a greater virulence than others, is then considered. The next section deals with the regulation of synthesis of surface components and their role in colonization of the host and/or evasion of the host immune defense systems; antigenic variation and its role in evasion of the host immune response; and the role of iron acquisition systems in the colonization of the host. Subsequent chapters explore the invasion and intracellular growth of facultative and obligate intracellular parasites. The last section is devoted to studies on the role of bacterial toxic products in pathogenesis. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) and exotoxins are described. This book should be of interest to molecular biologists, physiologists, clinical specialists, pathologists, and geneticists.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 2214
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Book Description
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Author: Serge Morand
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400721145
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
Molecular epidemiology has recently broaden its focuses due to the development of molecular tools but also by incorporating advances of other fields such as mathematical epidemiology, molecular ecology, population genetics and evolution. Facing new risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that are threats for humans and their livestock, the objectives of molecular epidemiology include: - the development of molecular tools, genotyping and gene expression - the incorporation of concepts and results of population genetics of infectious diseases - the integration of recent advances in theoretical epidemiology and evolutionary ecology of diseases - a better understanding of transmission for the development of risk factors analyses. This book will demonstrate how the latest developments in molecular tools and in epidemiology can be integrated with studies of host-pathogen interactions. Besides a strong theoretical component, there will also be an emphasis on applications in the fields of epidemiology, public health, veterinary medicine, and health ecology. Students and researchers in the fields of epidemiology, animal and human health, evolutionary ecology, parasitology are the main potential readers of the book, as well as a broader audience from veterinary medicine and conservation.
Author: Steffen Backert
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319752413
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are highly versatile membrane-associated transporter machines used by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to deliver substrate molecules to a large variety of target cells. This volume summarizes our current knowledge of the large variety and structural diversity of T4SSs in pathogenic Escherichia, Agrobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Bartonella, Helicobacter, Enterococcus and other species. Divided into 13 chapters contributed by leading experts, it presents findings that significantly enhance our understanding of how various pathogens manipulate host cell functions to trigger bacterial uptake, promote intracellular growth, suppress defense mechanisms and of how bacteria spread antibiotic resistances, thus facilitating bacterial colonization and disease development. The book is an invaluable source of information for researchers and clinicians.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309260868
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Book Description
A new focus on glycoscience, a field that explores the structures and functions of sugars, promises great advances in areas as diverse as medicine, energy generation, and materials science, this report finds. Glycans-also known as carbohydrates, saccharides, or simply as sugars-play central roles in many biological processes and have properties useful in an array of applications. However, glycans have received little attention from the research community due to a lack of tools to probe their often complex structures and properties. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future presents a roadmap for transforming glycoscience from a field dominated by specialists to a widely studied and integrated discipline, which could lead to a more complete understanding of glycans and help solve key challenges in diverse fields.
Author: Günther Witzany
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940074899X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
A renaissance of virus research is taking centre stage in biology. Empirical data from the last decade indicate the important roles of viruses, both in the evolution of all life and as symbionts of host organisms. There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a non-lytic but persistent lifestyle. Viruses and viral parts form the most numerous genetic matter on this planet.
