Quantitative Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow with Arterial Spin Labelling Imaging PDF Download
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Author: Jingyi Xie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
Author: Jingyi Xie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Author: Mara Cercignani
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315363569
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
Building on the success of the first edition of this book, the winner of the 2004 British Medical Association Radiology Medical Book Competition, Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Principles of Physical Measurement gives a unique view on how to use an MRI machine in a new way. Used as a scientific instrument it can make measurements of a myriad of physical and biological quantities in the human brain and body. For each small tissue voxel, non-invasive information monitors how tissue changes with disease and responds to treatment. The book opens with a detailed exposition of the principles of good practice in quantification, including fundamental concepts, quality assurance, MR data collection and analysis and improved study statistical power through minimised instrumental variation. There follow chapters on 14 specific groups of quantities: proton density, T1, T2, T2*, diffusion, advanced diffusion, magnetisation transfer, CEST, 1H and multi-nuclear spectroscopy, DCE-MRI, quantitative fMRI, arterial spin-labelling and image analysis, and finally a chapter on the future of quantification. The physical principles behind each quantity are stated, followed by its biological significance. Practical techniques for measurement are given, along with pitfalls and examples of clinical applications. This second edition of this indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR shows the MRI physicist and research clinician how to implement these techniques on an MRI scanner to understand more about the biological processes in the patient and physiological changes in healthy controls. Although focussed on the brain, most techniques are applicable to characterising tissue in the whole body. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative MRI methods to measure the effects of disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. Features: The first edition was awarded the book prize for Radiology by the British Medical Association in 2004 Written by an authority in the field: Professor Tofts has an international reputation for quantification in MRI Gives specific ‘how to’ information for implementation of MRI measurement sequence techniques
Author: Andrea Boicelli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468455656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Cerebral Blood Flow: Mathematical Models, Instrumentation, and Imaging Techniques" was held in L'Aquila, Italy, June 2-13, 1986. Contributions to this program were received from the University of L'Aquila, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Siemens Elettra S.p.A., and Bracco S.p.A. Recent studies of the cerebral blood circulation have lagged behind analysis of other parameters such as glucose utilization, transmitter distribution, and precursors. This Advanced Study Institute tried to fill this gap by analyzing in detail different physical techniques such as Autoradiography (including Double-Tracer Auto radiography and highly specific tracers as Iodoantipyrine, Micro spheres), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Each method was analyzed in regards to its precision, resolution, response time. A considerable part of this Institute was devoted to the mathematics of CBF measurement, in its two aspects, i.e. the modeling of the underlying kinetic system and the statistical analysis of the data. The modeling methods proposed included the development of a differential algebra whereby the differential and integral equations involved could be solved by simple algebraic methods, including graph theoretical ones; the statistical methods proposed included the illustration of different parametrizations of possible use in the interpretation of experimental results.
Author: Daniel Gallichan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Author: Ciwen Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) is one family of perfusion-weighted contrast imaging techniques of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that measures cerebral blood flow by labeling spins in arterial blood with inversion and then waiting for a certain period of time for the labeled arterial blood to enter the imaging plane, and then acquiring MR image at the image plane. In compare with PET, ASL is a noninvasive new technology. But as a new technology, it is not very commonly used because of the relatively low signal to noise ratio, less robust mechanism, and more important, there is no standard for clinical applications. One goal of this study is to find out the optimal imaging processing way and parameters for ASL processing. The other goal is to find the relationship between CBF and age. There are 173 subjects, with 107 female subjects and 66 male subjects. Pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) was used as labeling sequence and multi-slice single shot 2D Echo-planar imaging (EPI) was used as MR image acquisition sequence. 40 pairs of control-labeled images were taken in order to increase signal to noise ratio. An MPRAGE T1 image was taken for each subject as brain structure reference. Label duration = 1650ms; post label delay = 1525ms; TR = 4260ms or 4210.8ms; TE=14ms. EPI factor = 35ms. Voxel size = 3x3x5 mm; FOV = 240x240x145 mm; slice number = 29. FSL which is a MRI image processing tool developed by Oxford was used in imaging processing. dcm2nii was used for DICOM to NIFTY conversion. MCFLIRT was used for motion correction. Trilinear interpolation was used in MCFLIRT. In spatial smoothing, a 3D Gaussian kernel with FWHM = 6mm was used. In M0 magnetization baseline calculation, the average magnetization of the whole brain of mean control image was used, so that the T1 recovery time was assumed to be the time from labeling to image acquisition of the middle slice (15th slice). The longitudinal relaxation time of blood was used as T1 value of the tissue. In Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) calculation, also the longitudinal relaxation time of blood was used as T1 value of the tissue. A threshold of 0-300 was used on the CBF map. Voxels below 0 was assigned 0, and above 300 was assigned 300. CBF map was first co-registered on the T1 structural image of the same subject, and then, with the help of the high resolution T1, CBF map was normalized on MNI152 template. Relative CBF map was calculated by dividing the value of each voxel by the mean value of the whole brain CBF. The voxelwise analysis results (p
Author: Vinod D. Deshmukh
Publisher: PMA Publishing Corporation
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Author: A. Hartmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642700543
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 631
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Book Description
At the present time several techniques are available for studying quantitatively global and regional blood flow and metabolism of the human brain. How ever, many scientists working in the clinical and research field who would like to use these tools for their investigations may be less familiar with the indi cations and limitations of the individual methods. The rapid development of both modern imaging techniques and new tracers may have led to some con fusion in answering the question as to which method is appropriate to solve the diagnostic problem of an individuum with brain disease. Scepticism and ignorance as to the methods to be used as tools in differential diagnosis of brain disorders may have prevented their widespread introduction into clinical practice. Thus, the significance of circulatory and metabolic parameters involved in the majority of diseases of the central nervous system may have been overlooked. The contributions compiled in this book describe in detail the individual techniques, outline their indications and limitations and deal in particular with newer methods such as the atraumatic 133Xe technique, stable xenon tomogra phy, three-dimensional techniques such as 133Xe single photon emission tomog raphy and N-isopropyl-P23-iodoamphetamine. Positron emission tomography studies provide information on function and metabolism, particularly that of oxygen and glucose, in regional brain areas of interest. Nuclear magnetic reso nance may be a promising method for studying metabolic parameters; however, accurate circulation measurements can not be performed at present.
Author: Jonna Alcide Wiersma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789461824905
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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"Non-invasive evaluation of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) by means of arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI offers an interesting alternative to currently used clinical perfusion measurement techniques. Where the current perfusion imaging techniques require the injection of an exogenous contrast-agent, ASL employs the blood that travels to the brain tissue as an endogenous tracer, for a non-invasive evaluation. However, due to the limited image quality and reliability of ASL measurements, the application of ASL was predominantly limited to highly specialized MRI centers. Recent technical developments in ASL research have elevated the quality and reliability of the technique to a level where it is ready for widespread ASL usage in clinical and research applications. However, with the focus mainly on technical improvements, several clinically relevant aspects such as patient comfort and quantitative performance have not been fully investigated to date. The main aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate such clinically relevant aspects. The chapters in this thesis address a few of the important steps necessary into making ASL a clinically accepted technique for use in daily clinical practice. Where chapters 2 and 3 focus on improving patient comfort, chapters 4 to 6 address the performance of different ASL techniques with respect to the gold-standard perfusion measurement."--Samenvatting auteur.
Author: Lorna A. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) have been identified between older individuals in good cognitive health and those experiencing cognitive decline and dementia. Previous studies have shown that the aetiology of dementia includes a substantial vascular component and there is evidence that CBF decline in old age may be linked to cardiovascular disease. Although the incidence, prevalence and impact of vascular risk varies by ethnicity and gender, many previous studies have focused on participants of white European origin or have pooled ethnically diverse samples, while differences between sexes have been under-investigated. This thesis used arterial spin labelling (ASL) to measure cortical CBF in an elderly tri-ethnic population cohort and examined its relationship with vascular risk and the brain ageing markers of cortical volume and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Chapter 4 showed that use of the currently recommended mean haematocrit (Hct) value in equations that calculate CBF from ASL underestimated CBF in women and non-European ethnicities. The alternative method of substituting individually measured Hct into the equation was implemented in the following chapters. Results from Chapter 5 indicated that increased vascular risk factors were associated with lower CBF, but these relationships varied by ethnicity and sex. Ethnicity and sex also modified the strength of associations of increased vascular risk with decreased cortical tissue volume and increased volume of WMHs examined in Chapter 6. However, there was no evidence of any association of CBF with the MRI markers of brain ageing.
