Production of Activated Carbon from Palm-oil Shell by Pyrolysis and Steam Activation in a Fixed Bed Reactor PDF Download
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Author: Terachai Suravattanasakul
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789746394710
Category : Carbon, Activated
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
The research objective was to produce activated carbon from palm-oil shells by one step pyrolysis and steam activation in a fixed bed reactor with the diameter of 100 mm. The studied variables were temperatures, times, palm-oil shells sizes and flow rates of air. The results showed that the optimum condition was 1.18-2.36 mm of palm-oil shells at 750 C for 2 hr with air flow rate of 0.72 nl/min, using steam as an activating agent. The characteristics of the resulted activated carbon with the yield of 19.66% were bulk density of 0.5160 g/cm3, 6.03% ash, iodine number of 620.16 mg/g, methylene blue number of 176.75 mg/g and 559.48 m2/g B.E.T. surface area. In addition, it had been found that when there was an adding of pyrolysis time with air before steam activation led to higher porosity development than one step pyrolysis and steam activation. From these experimental data, it was observed that the maximum surface area and adsorption capacity could be obtained from using 200 g of 1.18-2.36 mm of palm-oil shells at 750 C for 3 hr by adding pyrolysis with air for 30 min (0.72 nl/min) before steam activation. The resulting characteristics of the final product with the yield of 12.18% were bulk density of 0.5048 g/cm3, 7.54% ash, iodine number of 766.99 mg/g, methylene blue number of 189.20 mg/g and 669.75 m2/g B.E.T. surface area.
Author: Terachai Suravattanasakul
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789746394710
Category : Carbon, Activated
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
The research objective was to produce activated carbon from palm-oil shells by one step pyrolysis and steam activation in a fixed bed reactor with the diameter of 100 mm. The studied variables were temperatures, times, palm-oil shells sizes and flow rates of air. The results showed that the optimum condition was 1.18-2.36 mm of palm-oil shells at 750 C for 2 hr with air flow rate of 0.72 nl/min, using steam as an activating agent. The characteristics of the resulted activated carbon with the yield of 19.66% were bulk density of 0.5160 g/cm3, 6.03% ash, iodine number of 620.16 mg/g, methylene blue number of 176.75 mg/g and 559.48 m2/g B.E.T. surface area. In addition, it had been found that when there was an adding of pyrolysis time with air before steam activation led to higher porosity development than one step pyrolysis and steam activation. From these experimental data, it was observed that the maximum surface area and adsorption capacity could be obtained from using 200 g of 1.18-2.36 mm of palm-oil shells at 750 C for 3 hr by adding pyrolysis with air for 30 min (0.72 nl/min) before steam activation. The resulting characteristics of the final product with the yield of 12.18% were bulk density of 0.5048 g/cm3, 7.54% ash, iodine number of 766.99 mg/g, methylene blue number of 189.20 mg/g and 669.75 m2/g B.E.T. surface area.
Author: Why Kong Hoi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Palm kernel shell was carbonised in an indirect pyrolysis reactor at 759 C, and the charcoal crushed, ground and sieved. The granulated shell charcoal was activated at 800 C in an atmosphere of superheated steam. Good palm kernel shell activated carbon with an average CTC and I2 values of 50% and 900 respectively was obtained. Based on a typical production capacity of 1,250 tonnes/ year and current market prices of raw material, labour, factory overheads, the net return of the plant was estimated to be 34.6% to 37.8%. [Author's abstract].
Author: Nirmala, N.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
Carbon-based materials have emerged as versatile and effective solutions in environmental remediation. These materials possess exceptional adsorption properties that enable them to capture and remove a wide range of pollutants from air and water. Their high surface area, porosity, and stability make them ideal for tackling contaminants such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and pesticides. By leveraging these unique properties, carbon-based materials play a crucial role in mitigating environmental pollution and promoting sustainable practices. Carbon-Based Materials and Environmental Remediation: Graphene, Biochar, and More explores the applications of carbon-based materials such as graphene, biochar, and more for environmental remediation. This book delves into the unique properties and mechanisms that make these materials effective in addressing various environmental challenges. Covering topics such as carbon nanomaterials, pesticide remediation, and water pollution control, this book is an essential resource for environmental scientists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, academic researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, and more.
Author: Normah Mulop
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon, Activated
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
The preparation of activated carbon from palm oil shells was caried out in two consecutive steps: carbonization of the raw material at 450 C to the intermediate char which was converted to the activated carbon product via steam gasification at 850 C. For every different variable under study the yield and the specific surface area of the product were determined. The optimum duration of activation was 45 minutes which gave a specific surface area of 710m2/g and a yield of 21%. [Authors' abstract].
Author: P. Reupke
Publisher: Hyperion Books
ISBN:
Category : Carbon, Activated
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Examines the different raw materials, types and applications of activated carbon, plus the processes involved in the production of various carbons. The scope for the use of oil palm kernel shell as a potential feedstock for activation is considered in detail.
Author: Thanapon Lortong
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789746394734
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
This research was the study of the production of activated carbon from used tires by the processes of carbonization and activation with superheated steam and carbon dioxide in a fixed bed reactor with the diameter of 100 mm. The used tires were carbonized at 350 C for 60 min with the air flow rate of 0.52 nl/min. The characteristics of the resulted chars were yield of 41.40%, fixed carbon of 62.57%, ash of 15.30% and volatile matter of 22.13%. Then, the chars were activated with superheated steam and carbon dioxide. The optimum condition for activation was 0.60-1.18 mm of the chars size at 900 C for 45 min with air at a flow rate of 0.27 nl/min, carbon dioxide at a flow rate of 2.0 nl/min and superheated steam. The resulted activated carbon obtained yield of 27.99%, bulk density of 0.3590 g/cm3, ash of 21.05%, iodine number of 598.79 mg/g, methylene blue number of 247.08 mg/g, B.E.T. surface area of 658.75 m2/g, micropore area of 424.27 m2/g, external area of 234.48 m2/g and average pore diameter of 22.24 A.
Author: Man Kee Lam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: Virginia Hernández Montoya
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535101978
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
The present book discusses the principal lignocellulosic precursors used in the elaboration of activated carbons in different countries such as Asia, America, Europe and Africa; the different methods and experimental conditions employed in the synthesis of activated carbons, including one analysis of the principal stages of the preparation such as carbonization and activation (i.e., chemical or physical activation). Also, the recent and more specialized techniques used in the characterization of activated carbons are discussed in this book. For example, the techniques employed to determine textural parameters (mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption isotherms at 77 K) and different spectroscopies to determine chemical functionality (Raman, FT-IR, etc.) and other X-Ray techniques. Additionally, an overview of the application of activated carbons obtained from lignocellulosic precursors for wastewater treatment. Specifically, the analysis and discussion are focused on the advantages and capabilities of activated carbons for the removal of relevant toxic compounds and pollutants from water such as heavy metals, dyes, phenol, etc. Finally, the use of pyrolysis method for the valorization of two Mexican typical agricultural wastes (orange peel and pecan nut shell) for energy and carbon production is considered in this book.
Author: Abd El-Fatah Abomohra
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030915700
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 651
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Book Description
This book addresses the needs of students, researchers, as well as engineers and other professionals or readers interested in recent advances of biofuel and efficient waste management. In the context of energy consumption, over 85% of the total consumed energy comes from non-renewable fossil resources. Developing new renewable energy resources, especially biofuel production from wastes, has received increasing attention. The book is organized into three sections, namely Section I: Conventional waste management; Section II: From waste to green energy; and Section III: Case studies and future perspectives. Each section presents topic-specific chapters, which contain comprehensive and advanced knowledge of the subjects. Overall, the book covers the recent advances, breakthroughs, challenges, and future perspectives of waste-to-energy approach using different kinds of wastes as a feedstock for alternative biofuels and other integrated approaches such as wastewater treatment, plastic degradation, and CO2 sequestration in a cost-effective and eco-friendly way. In addition, different routes of waste recycling for enhanced biofuel production and case studies are presented with environmental and economic analysis. The presented case studies and future perspectives under Section III complement the chapters as they are authored by experts from bioenergy businesses who actually encounter real-world problems.
Author: Anastasia Colomba
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Biomass pyrolysis has the potential to become a major component of future biorefineries, since biomass is cracked to produce gases, liquid products (bio-oil) and solid products (bio-char). In order for the process to be economically feasible, it is necessary to obtain the maximum value from each stream, thus no by-product can be regarded as a waste. Bio-char is normally regarded as a by-product of fast pyrolysis, which is optimized to target biooil production. However, there are many potentially attractive applications for it: for example, it can be used for the production of activated carbons, which are the most commonly used adsorbent materials. In this study, a new reactor technology developed at ICFAR, the Jiggled Bed Reactor (JBR) is employed as a fast and reliable tool for the optimization of the production of activated carbons from biomass. Due to its excellent heating system, both slow and fast pyrolysis conditions can be achieved, and activation can be carried out. The results obtained in the JBR show good comparison with larger scale reactors, thus allowing the screening of new pyrolysis and activation conditions as well as different feedstocks in a fast and reliable way The impact of the type of feedstock, activation and pyrolysis conditions (fast/slow) on the final product characteristic and activation kinetics are studied. Finally, the performance of activated carbons produced in the JBR as adsorbents is evaluated for different environmental applications, such as the removal of ammonia and mercury from wastewater and of naphthenic acids from Oil Sands Process-affected water (OSPW). In particular, activated carbon produced from Kraft lignin is shown to outperform commercial activated carbon for wastewater treatment applications.
