Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789211323047
Category : Water-supply
Languages : en
Pages : 63

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Author: Dominic O'Reilly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sanitation
Languages : en
Pages : 80

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Author: United Nations Human Settlements Programme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human settlements
Languages : en
Pages : 84

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Author:
Publisher: UN-HABITAT
ISBN: 9211316790
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Author: Un-Habitat
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136561196
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Book Description
Half of the world's people live in urban areas, and roughly a third of these live in desperate poverty without access to basic amenities. Taking on the themes of UN-HABITAT's Water and Sanitation in the World's Cities (2003), this new volume focuses on the deficiencies in the provision of water and sanitation where most of the populations of the developing world live: in towns and small cities. Drawing on extensive unpublished research and 15 commissioned papers from experts involved in designing and implementing innovative projects around the world, this is the first major study of the problems facing the smaller urban centres that are recognized to be of enormous importance by governments, international agencies, NGOs and service providers. Tackling these problems is a crucial part of development and of good governance, and critical to meeting the Millennium Development Goals. The volume will be essential reading for all professionals and researchers in the relevant fields and a valuable resource for teachers and students of urban development.

Author: United Nations Human Settlements Programme
Publisher: UN-HABITAT
ISBN: 9211318149
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Book Description
Published by Earthscan for and on behalf of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT).

Author: David W. Tees
Publisher: UN-HABITAT
ISBN: 9211311713
Category : Community development
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240017542
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Federal aid to water resources development
Languages : en
Pages : 45

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Book Description
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that a potential gap between future needs and current spending for wastewater infrastructure of $150 billion to $400 billion could occur over the next decade. A number of entities are involved in planning, financing, building, and operating this infrastructure. Some of these stakeholders have suggested a variety of approaches to bridge this potential gap. One such proposal is to establish a clean water trust fund. In this context, GAO was asked to (1) obtain stakeholders' views on the issues that would need to be addressed in designing and establishing a clean water trust fund and (2) identify and describe potential options that could generate about $10 billion in revenue to support a clean water trust fund. In conducting this review, GAO administered a questionnaire to 28 national organizations representing the wastewater and drinking water industries, state and local governments, engineers, and environmental groups and received 22 responses; reviewed proposals and industry papers; interviewed federal, state, local, and industry officials; and used the most current data available to estimate the revenue that could potentially be raised by various taxes on a range of products and activities. GAO is not making any recommendations. While this report identifies a number of funding options, GAO is not endorsing any option and does not have a position on whether or not a trust fund should be established. In designing and establishing a clean water trust fund, stakeholders identified three main issues that would need to be addressed: how a trust fund should be administered and used; what type of financial assistance should be provided; and what activities should be eligible to receive funding from a trust fund. While a majority of stakeholders said that a trust fund should be administered through an EPA partnership with the states, they differed in their views on how a trust fund should be used. About a third of stakeholders responded that a trust fund should be used only to fund the existing Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF), which is currently funded primarily through federal appropriations, while a few said it should support only a new and separate wastewater program. A few stakeholders supported using a trust fund to support both the CWSRF and a separate program, while others did not support the establishment of a trust fund at all. In addition, more than half of the stakeholders responded that financial assistance should be distributed using a combination of loans and grants to address the needs of different localities. Finally, although a variety of activities could be funded, most stakeholders identified capital projects as the primary activity that should receive funding from a clean water trust fund. A number of options have been proposed in the past to generate revenue for a clean water trust fund, but several obstacles will have to be overcome in implementing these options, and it may be difficult to generate $10 billion from any one option by itself. Funding options include a variety of excise taxes. In addition, Congress could levy a tax on corporate income. An additional 0.1 percent corporate income tax could raise about $1.4 billion annually. Congress also could levy a water use tax. A tax of 0.01 cent per gallon could raise about $1.3 billion annually. Regardless of the options selected, certain implementation obstacles will have to be overcome. These include defining the products or activities to be taxed, establishing a collection and enforcement framework, and obtaining stakeholder support for a particular option or mix of options.

Author:
Publisher: UN-HABITAT
ISBN: 9211322189
Category : Refuse and refuse disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 257

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Book Description
In our rapidly urbanizing global society, solid waste management will be a key challenge facing all the world's cities. This title provides a fresh perspective and data on one of the biggest issues in urban development.