Heat and Thrust Requirements of a Thermal Fog Dispersal System PDF Download
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Author: Bruce A. Kunkel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fog
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Field tests were conducted with a subscale momentum/heat system, to determine the optimum heat and thrust requirements and combustor positions for a full scale thermal fog dispersal system. The site, located in Irvine, California, was laid out on a 1/6 scale. The Froude number scaling law was used to scale up to full scale. An array of 65 thermistors and 6 wind sensors was located in the target area over a simulated runway. Wind and temperature sensors were also located outside of the target area to provide background measurements during the tests. Tests were conducted at night, in clear air, during calm conditions. Both momentum and passive heat systems are evaluated in terms of heat and thrust requirements for different wind conditions. A single line momentum/heat system requires 5 to 10 times as much thrust as does a two-side-of-the-runway system. A passive system requires anywhere from 130-470 percent more heat output than does a momentum system. The appropriate system for a particular airfield can only be determined after a cost analysis has been made of the various systems and a wind study has been made of the particular airfield.
Author: Bruce A. Kunkel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fog
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Field tests were conducted with a subscale momentum/heat system, to determine the optimum heat and thrust requirements and combustor positions for a full scale thermal fog dispersal system. The site, located in Irvine, California, was laid out on a 1/6 scale. The Froude number scaling law was used to scale up to full scale. An array of 65 thermistors and 6 wind sensors was located in the target area over a simulated runway. Wind and temperature sensors were also located outside of the target area to provide background measurements during the tests. Tests were conducted at night, in clear air, during calm conditions. Both momentum and passive heat systems are evaluated in terms of heat and thrust requirements for different wind conditions. A single line momentum/heat system requires 5 to 10 times as much thrust as does a two-side-of-the-runway system. A passive system requires anywhere from 130-470 percent more heat output than does a momentum system. The appropriate system for a particular airfield can only be determined after a cost analysis has been made of the various systems and a wind study has been made of the particular airfield.
Author: Bruce A. Kunkel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
An extensive investigation has been made to arrive at optimum specifications for a thermo-kinetic warm fog dispersal system. This study included passive heat tests, sub-scale heat/momentum tests, and tests with a single full-scale runway combustor and an approach zone combustor. These tests were augmented with extensive analytical modeling of buoyant jets under coflowing and counterflowing wind conditions. The landing category and the operational requirements within each category are the primary factors affecting the size of the thermal fog dispersal system (TFDS). A Cat 2 TFDS employs 22 percent fewer combustors and uses 50 percent less fuel than a Cat 1 TFDS. The combustor specification and orientation are presented for both Cat 1 and Cat 2 systems. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Bruce A. Kunkel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
The impact of a Warm Fog Dispersal System (WFDS) on the air quality and noise level is assessed. The WFDS, designed by AFGL, uses various combinations of heat and thrust to disperse the fog over the runway and approach zones. Emission and noise levels that are within the state-of-the-art are used in this assessment. Calculations show that within the cleared area the pollution concentrations, on the average, are within the EPA standards. (Author).
Author: Milton M. Klein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fog
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
A broad experimental and theoretical program is being conducted to aid in the development of an operational warm fog dispersal system which utilizes momentum driven ground based heat sources. To help determine optimum heat and thrust combinations for the system, investigations are being made of the buoyant motion of heated turbulent jets both coflowing (wind and jet in the same direction) and counterflowing (wind and jet opposite). The investigation of the coflowing jet has been completed and in addition a model has been developed from which the dynamic characteristics of a heated counterflowing jet in the absence of buoyancy can be calculated. The present investigation is concerned with the effect of buoyancy upon the motion of a counterflowing jet. The lower portion of the trajectory, which has been calculated by the present model, is in fair to good agreement with the corresponding experimental curve, the calculated curve tending to be somewhat higher than that obtained experimentally. The calculated upper part of the trajectory, obtained from a model which gives the deflection of a jet in a crosswind, is in good agreement with experiment.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1056
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Book Description
Author: Milton M. Klein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
A broad effort is being conducted to develop an operational Warm Fog Dispersal System (WFDS) using ground-based heat sources. In order to determine the optimum heat and thrust for the combustors in the WFDS, investigations have been made of the buoyant motion in round- and plane-heated turbulent jets in co-flowing (that is, same direction) wind fields. This report describes a method of calculating the round jet case. The method can be used for jet velocities of 100m/sec or less, wind velocities below or equal to the jet velocity, and jet temperatures up to 3 times the ambient value. Initial jet velocities of 5 and 20m/sec and temperature excesses, relative to the ambient temperature, of .3 and 1 were selected for the calculations.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
Author: Milton M. Klein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fog
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Experimental and theoretical programs are being conducted to aid in the development of an operational Warm Fog Dispersal System using ground based heat sources. To help determine optimum heat and thrust combinations for the system, investigations have been made of the buoyant motion of heated turbulent jets in co-flowing; that is, same direction ambient winds. To take account of the ground effect, an analysis has been made of the experimental data for the planar jet at the point of lift-off in terms of the local Froude number at this point. From this correlation a procedure has been developed for determining the lift-off point, using the ambient wind and initial velocity and temperature of the jet as input variables. A new jet trajectory may now be easily calculated with only a simple modification of the original method in which the ground effect was ignored.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 1014
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Book Description
Covering the world's literature on meteorology, climatology, atmospheric chemistry and physics, physical oceanography, hydrology, glaciology, and related environmental sciences.
