Gain Scheduling Pitch Control for Fatigue Load Reduction for Wind Turbines PDF Download
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Author: Weiwei Shan
Publisher: Fraunhofer Verlag
ISBN: 9783839610220
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Three different control design methods have been investigated, and will be discussed regarding their advantages and disadvantages: (1) Classical linear PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) control design; (2) Linear H8 control design based on LMI (Linear Matrix Inequalities) criteria; (3) Nonlinear LPV (Linear Parameter Variant) control design based on convex optimization. Controller input signals in all cases are rotor speed and axial tower top acceleration. Because of the nonlinear aerodynamics of a wind turbine, for each design some type of gain scheduling is required. The basic practical aspects, e.g. anti-windup and gain scheduling have been verified in non-linear simulations.
Author: Weiwei Shan
Publisher: Fraunhofer Verlag
ISBN: 9783839610220
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Three different control design methods have been investigated, and will be discussed regarding their advantages and disadvantages: (1) Classical linear PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) control design; (2) Linear H8 control design based on LMI (Linear Matrix Inequalities) criteria; (3) Nonlinear LPV (Linear Parameter Variant) control design based on convex optimization. Controller input signals in all cases are rotor speed and axial tower top acceleration. Because of the nonlinear aerodynamics of a wind turbine, for each design some type of gain scheduling is required. The basic practical aspects, e.g. anti-windup and gain scheduling have been verified in non-linear simulations.
Author: Avishek Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Horizontal axis wind turbines
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
In an effort to reduce cost of energy from wind, wind turbines have grown to immense sizes. This has led to large, flexible, lightly damped towers and rotors that can be excited by the wind. Reducing the resulting fatigue loading and maintaining power capture are primary objectives for advanced controllers. In this thesis, a synthesis procedure for creating a multivariable linear parameter varying (LPV) controller suitable for the wind turbine control problem is created. The LPV controller uses the current wind speed estimate from an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for gain scheduling in order to accommodate system nonlinearities. The synthesis procedure allows the use of a parameter dependance Lyapunov function without having to choose the form of the parameter dependence. Additionally, the synthesis procedure is designed for discrete time systems, allowing digital implementation of the controller. While the LPV controller is suitable for the wind turbine problem, its performance is limited by constrained actuators, as well as persistent disturbances to the system. Therefore a model predictive controller (MPC controller) that builds on the advantages of the LPV controller is created. The MPC controller utilises future wind speed information to increase controller performance and can maintain stability in the presence of constrained actuators. The ability of both controllers to reduce fatigue loading in the drivetrain, tower and blades whilst maintaining power capture relative to a baseline is tested in simulation. The testing includes six hours of simulations using a high order, nonlinear aeroelastic model of a three-bladed, 600kW wind turbine in full-field turbulent winds. The simulation conditions include above rated, below rated, and transitional winds. The LPV controller shows overall reductions in tower, drivetrain and blade loads relative to the baseline. The MPC controller shows poor performance in below rated winds due to high errors in the prediction model. In above rated winds, the MPC controller shows the ability to reduce loads in the blades, drivetrain and tower relative to the LPV controller. Furthermore, the MPC controller shows less pitch actuator usage and maintains performance in situations that cause the LPV controller to saturate the pitch actuators and lose performance.
Author: Fernando D. Bianchi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781849966115
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This book emphasizes the application of Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) gain scheduling techniques to the control of wind energy conversion systems. This reformulation of the classical problem of gain scheduling allows straightforward design procedure and simple controller implementation. From an overview of basic wind energy conversion, to analysis of common control strategies, to design details for LPV gain-scheduled controllers for both fixed- and variable-pitch, this is a thorough and informative monograph.
Author: Wai Hou (Alan) Lio
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319755323
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
This thesis investigates the use of blade-pitch control and real-time wind measurements to reduce the structural loads on the rotors and blades of wind turbines. The first part of the thesis studies the main similarities between the various classes of current blade-pitch control strategies, which have to date remained overlooked by mainstream literature. It also investigates the feasibility of an estimator design that extracts the turbine tower motion signal from the blade load measurements. In turn, the second part of the thesis proposes a novel model predictive control layer in the control architecture that enables an existing controller to incorporate the upcoming wind information and constraint-handling features. This thesis provides essential clarifications of and systematic design guidelines for these topics, which can benefit the design of wind turbines and, it is hoped, inspire the development of more innovative mechanical load-reduction solutions in the field of wind energy.
Author: Ningsu Luo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319084135
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
Maximizing reader insights into the latest technical developments and trends involving wind turbine control and monitoring, fault diagnosis, and wind power systems, ‘Wind Turbine Control and Monitoring’ presents an accessible and straightforward introduction to wind turbines, but also includes an in-depth analysis incorporating illustrations, tables and examples on how to use wind turbine modeling and simulation software. Featuring analysis from leading experts and researchers in the field, the book provides new understanding, methodologies and algorithms of control and monitoring, computer tools for modeling and simulation, and advances the current state-of-the-art on wind turbine monitoring and fault diagnosis; power converter systems; and cooperative & fault-tolerant control systems for maximizing the wind power generation and reducing the maintenance cost. This book is primarily intended for researchers in the field of wind turbines, control, mechatronics and energy; postgraduates in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering; and graduate and senior undergraduate students in engineering wishing to expand their knowledge of wind energy systems. The book will also interest practicing engineers dealing with wind technology who will benefit from the comprehensive coverage of the theoretic control topics, the simplicity of the models and the use of commonly available control algorithms and monitoring techniques.
Author: David A. Rivkin
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
ISBN: 1449624537
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Part Of The Art And Science Of Wind Power Series The Wind Energy Industry Is A Key Player In The Booming Alternative Energy Market, And Job Opportunities Abound In This Rapidly-Growing Field. Wind Turbine Control Systems Provides Critical Resources For Experienced And Novice Learners Alike. The Text Provides An In-Depth Survey Of Wind Turbine Control Systems. It Covers Key Wind-Energy Control Strategies And Offers A Comprehensive Overview Of The Ways In Which Wind Is Generated, Converted, And Controlled. About The Series According To Estimates From The American Wind Energy Association, Approximately 85,000 Americans Are Employed In The Rapidly Expanding Wind Energy Industry. The Art And Science Of Wind Power Series Was Developed To Address A Critical Gap In Educational Resources Directed Toward The Development Of Skilled Workers In This Industry. Each Title Uses A Systems-Based Perspective To Provide Students With The Resources To Develop Creative Solutions To Challenges As Well As Systems-Based Critical Thinking Skills. No Other Series As Comprehensively Addresses Key Issues For Novice And Expert Learners Alike.
Author: Muyiwa Adaramola
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482244950
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This important book presents a selection of new research on wind turbine technology, including aerodynamics, generators and gear systems, towers and foundations, control systems, and environmental issues. This informative book: • Introduces the principles of wind turbine design • Presents methods for analysis of wind turbine performance • Discusses approaches for wind turbine improvement and optimization • Covers fault detection in wind turbines • Describes mediating the adverse effects of wind turbine use and installation
Author: David Collet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Horizontal axis wind turbines are the leading figure of the wind energy industry and is becoming a mature technology. Even though wind energy is globally trending, the yearly number of wind turbines installed is weakening in some countries, due to the reduction of economic subventions. In the context of global warming and energetic transition, it is of primal importance to optimize the levelized cost of wind energy, in order to make it economically competitive against fossil source of energies and allow wind energy to less rely on economic subventions. The control of wind turbines can strongly contribute to answer this issue.Individual blade Pitch Control (IPC) of wind turbines can allow to modify the aerodynamic properties of the rotor and regulate the unbalanced loads due to skewed wind in the rotor plane. Regulating these unbalanced loads can help in alleviating the fatigue damage of the rotating components of the turbine, such as the blades. On the other hand, IPC is known to induce oscillating loads on the blade pitch actuators and increase their excursions, which induces additional fatigue damage on the blade pitch actuators and blade bearings. Therefore, IPC can have positive effects on the fatigue damage of some components of the turbine, while having negative effects on others. For an efficient optimization of the levelized cost of wind energy, it is necessary that an IPC be optimized, in order to efficiently manage the trade-off between the fatigue damage of various components of a turbine.To address this issue, a fatigue cost function is defined as a weighted sum of wind turbine components fatigue damage, and possibly economic parameters. An IPC regulator must thus be designed in order to minimize this fatigue cost. However, the optimization of fatigue is a challenging task, as the fatigue damage expression does not suit standard forms. It is shown several times in this thesis that standard control strategies are limiting the potential reduction of the fatigue cost expectancy. While combining several standard control strategies designed with different parameters could allow significant reductions of the fatigue cost expectancy, compared to standard IPC control strategies with fixed parameters. The challenge addressed in this thesis is thus to adapt the parameters of standard IPC control strategies, in order to efficiently reduce the fatigue cost expectancy of wind turbines. Two approaches are thus developed in order to address this issue.The first one consists in approximating the fatigue cost function with a fatigue-oriented cost function, thanks to a data-driven identification based on parameterized quadratic forms. This fatigue-oriented cost function used in an optimal control problem allows to efficiently parameterize a standard optimization problem, which approximate the fatigue cost optimization problem around its optimum. Therefore, the fatigue-oriented optimal control problem allows efficient reductions of the fatigue cost expectancy.Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a control strategy which allows to optimize a specified cost function, by solving on-line an optimal control problem. Then, an IPC MPC is derived based on the fatigue-oriented optimal control problem expression. These controllers are thus standard MPCs whose parameters are adapted for fatigue cost reduction. These controllers are then implemented in closed-loop with a simplified wind turbine model and showed great potential in reducing the fatigue cost expectancy, compared to an MPC with fixed parameters.The second approach is a framework where a supervisory layer selects the parameters of candidate controllers based on wind conditions, in order to efficiently minimize the wind turbine fatigue cost expectancy. A proof of concept made with a simple supervisory layer showed that significant reduction of the fatigue cost are already possible, which encourages to also develop this second approach further.
Author: Weifei Hu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319781669
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
This book introduces the current challenges in modern wind turbine analysis, design and development, and provides a comprehensive examination of state-of-the-art technologies from both academia and industry. The twelve information-rich chapters cover a wide range of topics including reliability-based design, computational fluid dynamics, gearbox and bearing analyses, lightning analysis, structural dynamics, health condition monitoring, advanced techniques for field repair, offshore floating wind turbines, advanced turbine control and grid integration, and other emerging technologies. Each chapter begins with the current status of technology in a lucid, is easy-to-follow treatment, then elaborates on the corresponding advanced technology using detailed methodologies, graphs, mathematical models, computational simulations, and experimental instrumentation. Relevant to a broad audience from students and faculty to researchers, manufacturers, and wind energy engineers and designers, the book is ideal for both educational and research needs. Presents the latest developments in reliability-based design optimization, CFD of wind turbines, structural dynamics for wind turbine blades, off-shore floating wind turbines, advanced wind turbine control, and wind power and ramp forecasting for grid integration; Includes techniques for wind turbine gearboxes and bearings, evaluation of lightning strike damage, health condition monitoring and reparation techniques; Illustrates theories and operational considerations using graphics, tables, computational algorithms, simulation models, and experimental instrumentation; Examines unique, innovative technologies for wind energy.
Author: Zheren Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Wind energy is one of the most abundant renewable energy sources that can meet future energy demands. Despite its fast growth, wind energy is still a marginal player in electricity generation. The key issues preventing wider deployment of wind turbines include low energy conversion efficiency, high maintenance cost, wind intermittency and unpredictability etc. These issues lead to considerably higher cost of wind power compared to that of traditional power sources. This work is focused on control designs to overcome the above challenges. First, control algorithms are developed for energy capture maximization. During partial load operation, wind turbine rotor speed is continuously adjusted to remain optimal operation by manipulating the electromagnetic torque applied to the generator. In this dissertation, a dynamic programming based real-time controller (DPRC) and a gain modified optimal torque controller (GMOTC) are developed for faster convergence to optimal power operation under volatile wind speed and better robustness against modeling uncertainties. Secondly, fatigue loading mitigation techniques are developed to reduce the maintenance cost of a wind turbine. During partial load operation, a generator torque-based fatigue mitigation method is devised to reduce the impact of exacerbated tower bending moments associated with the resonance effect. During full load operation, a H2 optimization has been carried out for gain scheduling of a Proportional-Integral blade pitch controller. It improves speed regulation and reduces drivetrain fatigue loading with less oscillations of turbine rotor speed and generator torque. Thirdly, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have been integrated with wind turbines to mitigate wind intermittence and make wind power dispatchable as traditional power sources. Equipped with a probabilistic wind speed forecasting model, a new power scheduling and real-time control approach has been proposed to improve the performance of the integrated system. Finally, control designs are oriented to wind turbine participation in grid primary frequency regulation. The fast active power injection/absorption capability of wind turbine enables it to rapidly change its power output for stablizing the grid frequency following an sudden power imbalance event. In addition to quick response to grid frequency deviation event, the proposed controller guarantees turbine stability with smooth control actions.
