Author: Richard Paul Egg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Author: Esteban Manuel Zamudio Cañas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104

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The largest waste stream from agricultural livestock activity is manure. Efforts herein focus on the improvement of anaerobic digestion of animal wastes which creates a stable solid residue and recovers energy in the form of methane. Co-digestion of chicken litter (CL) and dairy manure (DM) was studied using stirred reactors at mesophilic temperature (35 °C) to evaluate the feasibility of co-digesting these two substrates by varying the organic loading rate (OLR) using increasing amounts of chicken litter. The results indicate that chicken litter and dairy manure can be successfully co-digested with chicken litter present at up to 33% of Volatile Solids (VS) in the feedstock (OLR 1.5("0.03) gVS L[subscript reactor] −1 day−1). Synergistic and/or antagonistic effects were not observed in terms of methane production. It was also found that reactors reach a dynamic stability 7 days after increasing the organic loading rate. While both total and free ammonia tolerance of the bioreactors solids improved by combining these two substrates, true adaptation was only observed for free ammonia which increased as the proportion of CL was increased. No improvement in pathogen indicator removal was detected. Other co-digestion experiments were performed in batch reactors using filtered dairy manure solids (FDMS), grease trap waste (GTW), and sawdust (S). Manure solids (0.417 and 0.842 mm) was present at up to 70% as VS in feedstock and increased total methane production by 114"2 %, but decreased efficiency (methane yield) by 59"14 %. Grease trap waste alone was difficult to degrade, but co-digestion improved efficiency and VS removal of dairy manure alone by 111"9 % and 76"4%, respectively, for all additions tested. In contrast, sawdust could not be degraded reducing efficiency in all additions tested. Finally, adaptation to different temperatures was evaluated in batch reactors. Microbial population could adapt to lower temperatures down to 19 °C with an acceptable decrease in methane production, but longer retention times were needed. At a 20 days retention time, methane production decreased by only 10% when the temperature decreased from 35 to 25 °C.

Author: Mathias Effenberger
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3867276528
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143

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Author: Samir Kumar Khanal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119949424
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322

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Book Description
Anaerobic biotechnology is a cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste and wastewaters that couples treatment processes with the reclamation of useful by-products and renewable biofuels. This means of treating municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes allows waste products to be converted to value-added products such as biofuels, biofertilizers, and other chemicals. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications provides the reader with basic principles of anaerobic processes alongside practical uses of anaerobic biotechnology options. This book will be a valuable reference to any professional currently considering or working with anaerobic biotechnology options.

Author: Prince Noah Dugba
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Author: Pratima Bajpai
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 981104130X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 106

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This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.

Author: Xiguang Chen
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9781109212808
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 89

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In this study, batch digestion tests were carried out to treat five different food wastes, grease trap waste, glycerin, the co-digestion of five food wastes, the co-digestion of grease trap waste and dairy manure, and the co-digestion of glycerin and dairy manure. The batch reactor used in this study had total and working volumes of 1130 mL and 500 mL, respectively. The initial organic loading was set to be 3.0 g VS/L and the food to microorganism ratio was either 0.5 or 1.0 for different treatments based on the characteristics of each waste stream. Both mesophilic (35 ± 2°C) and thermophilic (50 ± 2°C) temperatures were tested for the five food waste streams whereas only the mesophilic condition was applied to grease trap waste and glycerin due to their fast hydrolysis products would drop the pH and inhibit the methanogens especially under thermophilic conditions. All the batch digestion tests were successful in terms of biogas yield, biogas production rate and solid reductions. The results from batch anaerobic digestion tests were then used for designing continuous digestion experiments. All the continuous digestion experiments were conducted by using a continuous bioreactor mixed by biogas circulation system located in an environmental chamber at mesophilic temperature. The total and working volumes of the continuous bioreactor were 20 L and 18 L, respectively. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 20 days and the organic loading rate (OLR) started from 0.5 g VS/L/d and increased stepwise once the digestion system reached quasi-equilibrium as determined by steady gas production. The results from the continuous digestion tests indicated that the microorganism in the co-digestion of food wastes were inhibited by the accumulation of volatile fatty acids due to highly biodegradable carbon content in food wastes. Addition of alkali such as sodium hydroxide was required for pH adjustment and alkalinity control. The biogas yields at OLR of 0.5 and 1.0 g VS/L/d were 0.16 ± 0.02 and 0.27 ± 0.01 L/g VS, respectively. By contrast, co-digestion of dairy manure with waste having highly degradable carbon content, grease trap waste and glycerin in this case was feasible due to the buffering capacity of dairy manure. The biogas yields from co-digestion of grease trap waste and dairy manure at OLR of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g VS/L/d were 0.27 ± 0.02, 0.27 ± 0.01 and 0.25 ± 0.03 L/g VS, respectively. The biogas yield from co-digestion of glycerin and dairy manure at OLR of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g VS/L/d were 0.47 ± 0.03, 0.57 ± 0.05, 0.57 ± 0.14, 0.55 ± 0.20, 0.54 ± 0.14 and 0.61 ± 0.18 L/g VS, respectively. Co-digestion of either grease trap waste or glycerin with dairy manure is highly feasible, and can significantly improve the biogas production efficiency. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Author: Deanne Meyer
Publisher: University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources
ISBN: 1601077335
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 7

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Book Description
Increased awareness and regulation of dairy waste products have spawned a variety of technical innovations, including anaerobic digesters, which use bacteria to make a useful biogas fuel from animal waste products.

Author: Iftikhar Zeb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 106

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Book Description
With a trend towards size intensification, there is growing concern about the management of large volumes of animal waste produced within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). In this respect, anaerobic digestion (AD) is an environment friendly way to extract bio-energy and reduce some of the adverse environmental impacts of animal waste. The research presented in this dissertation offers alternative approaches for conserving water by operating AD in a manner that reduces production of wastewater while also enhancing biogas production.

Author: W. H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475757859
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307

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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 24 (thesis year 1979) a total of 10,033 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 215 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 24 reports these submitted in 1979, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.