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Author: Kenneth J. Polakowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coastal ecology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Kenneth J. Polakowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coastal ecology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Kevin G. McKeehan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This dissertation attempts to fill a gap in knowledge regarding conditions amongst the dunefields of Lake Michigan's eastern shore. Much is now known about the evolution and geochronology of these unique freshwater dune systems. The region's coastal dunes began forming during the Nipissing high stand phase (~5.5 ka) of ancestral Lake Michigan. Since then, according to the chronology constructed from several studies, the coastal dunes then underwent several periods of stability and instability along the entire shoreline. However, questions remain regarding dune conditions and variability since ~1900. The goal of this dissertation was to determine if changes have occurred to the region's coastal dune systems in the last ~120 years and what might be driving those changes. Given that dune systems are sensitive to biotic and abiotic variables, examining the last ~120 years of dune behavior could potentially reveal how Lake Michigan coastal dunes are responding to anthropogenic climate change and human development.Three studies, each comprising a dissertation chapter (Chapters 2-4), were conducted to help close this knowledge gap. Each chapter is broadly linked through an ecogeomorphic lens, particularly through the relationship between dunes and vegetation, which are interconnected in important ways. In Chapter 2, changes in dunefield vegetation and morphology were determined at several locations along the eastern Lake Michigan shoreline through the use of ground-level repeat photography. The second dissertation study-Chapter 3-concerns the spatiotemporal analysis of historical changes of blowouts, which are important indicators of significant disturbance in the dunes. In this chapter, blowouts were mapped from aerial images at three timestamps-1938, 1986-8, and 2018-and the changes quantified. Chapter 4, the final dissertation study, explores the relationship between terrain ruggedness and vegetation in a coastal dunefield along Lake Michigan by calculating two terrain indices-Riley's Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) and Sappington's Vector Ruggedness Measure (VRM)-and the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). Through a land systems framework, the results were compared to determine if any correlation exists between the ruggedness of dunes and vegetation.In the first two dissertation studies, the results show a clear expansion of vegetation at the expense of previously bare sand. In the final study, the values from TRI and VRM and the values from the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were not correlated overall, especially where one type of vegetation was dominant. However, within one land system-the dune barrens -- a moderate-to-strong negative correlation existed between terrain ruggedness and vegetation. Moreover, evidence suggests that vegetation has transformed the dune barrens land system area within the modern period. Overall, the results of these three studies demonstrate that vegetation is expanding over previously bare surfaces in coastal dunes along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan and has a considerable influence on regional dune conditions. While the precise driver(s) of this transformation is unclear, the regional-scale nature of these results suggests a uniform control is affecting these changes. As described in this dissertation, it is possible that an increase in precipitation since the 1930s, elevated atmospheric CO2 and N concentrations, a reduction in wind power, some other change in climate drivers, or a combination of many factors is responsible for the expansion in vegetation. It is also possible the trend in vegetation growth in Lake Michigan's coastal dunes is a lagged response to an earlier climate event.
Author: Paul D. Komar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beaches
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Author: Henry Chandler Cowles
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Author: Timothy G. Fisher
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813725089
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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"Stemming from research in the three upper Great Lakes basins (Superior, Michigan, and Huron), the volume is organized by geologic time, beginning with the reconstructed drainage for glacial Lake Minong southward across Michigan's Upper Peninsula and ending with the use of remote sensing and geospatial analysis in monitoring Lake Michigan coastal dunes"--
Author: Elizabeth Brockwell-Tillman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sand dune ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Kira Joy Baca
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatology
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Coastal dunes of Lake Michigan and corresponding down-wind lakes are studied for links between dune activity and climatic forcing; to date, little is certain about climate control on dune activity. By unveiling relationships between climate variables and dune activity, it becomes possible to associate the activity of dunes with certain climatic conditions. In this study wind, temperature, precipitation, drought, evaporation, and lake level are correlated individually with 210Pb/137Cs/7Be dated sand deposits from core samples taken in a small lake in the lee side of a dune ridge near Saugatuck, Michigan. Linear regressions were run to evaluate the strength of their relationship year-by-year, and offsets of one to two years. Visual correlations were also attempted by evaluating the trends in the annular data sets. While year-by-year R2 values were not strong, or mixed results made them inconclusive, visually examined trends showed more promising correlations. The strongest correlations existed between sand percent by weight, drought, and lake level. Discrepancies between trends were acceptable within the limits of associated error with isotopic dating methods, and showed a relationship between rising or high lake levels, wet conditions, and strong eolian activity (based on increased presence of sand in lake sediment). The implications of this research are that dune activity is linked to periods of wet conditions and storminess, and results can be used as a modern analogue for coastal dune activity during times of high lake level.
Author: Henry Chandler Cowles
Publisher: Andesite Press
ISBN: 9781296589141
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: David A. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coastal zone management
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Author: Kay Franklin
Publisher: Urbana : University of Illinois Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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