Toxoplasma Gondii Co-opts Host Immune Signaling by Secretion of a Polymorphic Tyrosine Kinase, ROP16 PDF Download
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Author: Yi-Ching Ong
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite of the Apicomplexan phylum that is able to infect nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. This capability for survival in a variety of host niches is reflected in the diversification of Toxoplasma strains. Strains differ dramatically in their interaction with hosts, and a fruitful approach towards understanding the molecular underpinnings of disease has been to identify and characterize drivers of strain-specific differences in host response. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to Toxoplasma gondii and its ability to modulate host immunity, with special attention given to what is known about the mechanisms behind strain-specific phenotypes and the role of one particular player, ROP16. Chapter 2 describes experiments demonstrating that Toxoplasma secretes a polymorphic tyrosine kinase, ROP16, that can directly phosphorylate host STAT6. These experiments made use of a targeted disruption of the ROP16 locus in Type I parasites to identify ROP16-dependent signaling pathways, and used biochemical approaches to dissect the mechanism by which ROP16 is able to induce rapid STAT6 activation. Chapter 3 describes work demonstrating that ROP16 activation of STAT6 directs murine macrophage polarization towards an alternatively activated (M2) phenotype. In Chapter 4, the avian host response to Toxoplasma is examined to determine whether strain-specific differences in host response might be inverted in non-mammalian hosts. We show that strain-specific transcriptional host response, as well as transcriptional host response modulated by ROP16, appears very similar in chickens as in mice and humans. This suggests that variance between mammalian and avian host species in general may not be the source of selective pressure for the success of these common strains, or of ROP16's variability. Chapter 5 concludes with a discussion of future directions for further characterization of ROP16's role in modulating host response. We show that ROP16 interacts with host chromatin and suggest that investigation of ROP16's function in the host nucleus might yield further molecular insights as to how Toxoplasma is able to co-opt host cells and influence the course of infection.
Author: Yi-Ching Ong
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154
Get Book Here
Book Description
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite of the Apicomplexan phylum that is able to infect nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. This capability for survival in a variety of host niches is reflected in the diversification of Toxoplasma strains. Strains differ dramatically in their interaction with hosts, and a fruitful approach towards understanding the molecular underpinnings of disease has been to identify and characterize drivers of strain-specific differences in host response. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to Toxoplasma gondii and its ability to modulate host immunity, with special attention given to what is known about the mechanisms behind strain-specific phenotypes and the role of one particular player, ROP16. Chapter 2 describes experiments demonstrating that Toxoplasma secretes a polymorphic tyrosine kinase, ROP16, that can directly phosphorylate host STAT6. These experiments made use of a targeted disruption of the ROP16 locus in Type I parasites to identify ROP16-dependent signaling pathways, and used biochemical approaches to dissect the mechanism by which ROP16 is able to induce rapid STAT6 activation. Chapter 3 describes work demonstrating that ROP16 activation of STAT6 directs murine macrophage polarization towards an alternatively activated (M2) phenotype. In Chapter 4, the avian host response to Toxoplasma is examined to determine whether strain-specific differences in host response might be inverted in non-mammalian hosts. We show that strain-specific transcriptional host response, as well as transcriptional host response modulated by ROP16, appears very similar in chickens as in mice and humans. This suggests that variance between mammalian and avian host species in general may not be the source of selective pressure for the success of these common strains, or of ROP16's variability. Chapter 5 concludes with a discussion of future directions for further characterization of ROP16's role in modulating host response. We show that ROP16 interacts with host chromatin and suggest that investigation of ROP16's function in the host nucleus might yield further molecular insights as to how Toxoplasma is able to co-opt host cells and influence the course of infection.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080921523
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 3161
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Book Description
Encyclopedia of Immunobiology, Five Volume Set provides the largest integrated source of immunological knowledge currently available. It consists of broad ranging, validated summaries on all of the major topics in the field as written by a team of leading experts. The large number of topics covered is relevant to a wide range of scientists working on experimental and clinical immunology, microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, veterinary science, physiology, and hematology. The book is built in thematic sections that allow readers to rapidly navigate around related content. Specific sections focus on basic, applied, and clinical immunology. The structure of each section helps readers from a range of backgrounds gain important understanding of the subject. Contains tables, pictures, and multimedia features that enhance the learning process In-depth coverage allows readers from a range of backgrounds to benefit from the material Provides handy cross-referencing between articles to improve readability, including easy access from portable devices
Author: Louis M. Weiss
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123965365
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1109
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Book Description
This 2e of Toxoplasma gondii reflects the significant advances in the field in the last 5 years, including new information on the genomics, epigenomics and proteomics of T. gondii as well as a new understanding of the population biology and genetic diversity of this organism. T. gondii remains the best model system for studying the entire Apicomplexa group of protozoans, which includes Malaria, making this new edition essential for a broad group of researchers and scientists. Toxoplasmosis is caused by a one-celled protozoan parasite known as T. gondii. The infection produces a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans, land and sea mammals, and various bird species. Most humans contract toxoplasmosis by eating contaminated, raw or undercooked meat (particularly pork), vegetables, or milk products; by coming into contact with the T. gondii eggs from cat feces; or by drinking contaminated water. The parasite damages the ocular and central nervous systems, causing behavioral and personality alterations as well as fatal necrotizing encephalitis. It is especially dangerous for the fetus of an infected pregnant woman and for individuals with compromised immune systems, such as HIV-infected patients. - Completely updated, the 2e presents recent advances driven by new information on the genetics and genomics of the pathogen - Provides the latest information concerning the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis - Offers a single-source reference for a wide range of scientists and physicians working with this pathogen, including parasitologists, cell and molecular biologists, veterinarians, neuroscientists, physicians, and food scientists
Author: Nancy Guillen
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030448266
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Multiple demographic or economic parameters contribute to the origin of emerging infections, for example: poverty, urbanization, climate change, conflicts and population migrations. All these factors are a challenge to assess the impact (present and future) of parasitic diseases on public health. The intestine is a major target of these infections; it is a nutrient-rich environment harbouring a complex and dynamic population of 100 trillion microbes: the microbiome. Most researches on the microbiome focus on bacteria, which share the gut ecosystem with a population of uni- and multi cellular eukaryotic organisms that may prey on them. Our interest focuses on the families of eukaryotic microbes inhabiting the intestine, called “intestinal eukaryome”, that include fungi, protists and helminths. Knowledge on the reciprocal influence between the microbiome and the eukaryome, and on their combined impact on homeostasis and intestinal diseases is scanty and can be considered as an important emerging field. Furthermore, the factors that differentiate pathogenic eukaryotes from commensals are still unknown. This book presents an overview of the science presented and discussed in the First Eukaryome Congress held from October 16th to 18th, 2019 at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This book covers the following topics: Phylogenetic, prevalence, and diversity of intestinal eukaryotic microbes; and their (still enigmatic) historical evolution and potential contributions to mucosal immune homeostasis. Integrative biology to study the molecular cell biology of parasite-host interactions and the multiple parameters underlining the infectious process. The exploitation of tissue engineering and microfluidics to establish three-dimensional (3D) systems that help to understand homeostasis and pathological processes in the human intestine.
Author: Jorge Enrique Gómez Marín
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889667219
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
Author: J. P. Dubey
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420092375
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Found worldwide from Alaska to Australasia, Toxoplasma gondii knows no geographic boundaries. The protozoan is the source of one of the most common parasitic infections in humans, livestock, companion animals, and wildlife, and has gained notoriety with its inclusion on the list of potential bioterrorism microbes. In the two decades since the publi
Author: Walter Doerfler
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319550217
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
The present volume of Epigenetics and Human Health is devoted to the patho-epigenetics of viral and microbial infections, an exiting new field of disease-related epigenetic research. As recognized during the past years, epigenetic reprogramming of pathogen and host genome functions – the latter frequently induced by pathogens – plays an important role in many infectious processes. Beyond their immediate relevance for pathogen proliferation and obligatorily associated symptoms, such alterations frequently contribute to severe additional complications, such as the development of immunodeficiency, cancer and various chronic disorders. This holds in particular for epigenetic dysregulation of host gene expression induced by latent infections. The present book summarizes current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes caused by viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan infections and their impact on human health.
Author: J.P. Dubey
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351648608
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Key features: Written by the scientist who named this parasite and was the first to set up proper diagnostic techniques Serves as the first ever book to provide information on the parasite structure, biology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, epidemiology, prevention, and control of neosporosis Covers both approaches toward preventing & controlling this disease: Developing an efficacious vaccine and sound cattle management practices Contains a wealth of illustrations, including many of the author's original photographs of the parasite Provides basic information on immunologic and molecular aspects of the disease Abortion is a worldwide problem in the livestock industry accounting for annual economic losses of billions of dollars, and N. caninum is a major cause of it. Neosporosis is a newly recognized disease of animals. Until 1988 it was misdiagnosed as toxoplasmosis. Considerable progress in understanding the biology of neosporosis has been made in the last 30 years, resulting in more than 2,000 scientific publications. The economic importance of abortion in cattle, and the availability of knowledge, reagents, and technology used to study toxoplasmosis, have contributed to the rapid progress in understanding the biology of neosporosis. Written by pioneers in this field, Neosporosis in Animals presents a comprehensive summary of the biology of neosporosis, starting with chapter 1 on the historical background of the discovery of the disease. Subsequent chapters deal with general aspects of the biology of N. caninum (chapter 2), techniques (chapter 3), and the disease caused by this parasite in cattle (chapter 4), dogs (chapter 5), and all other animals including sheep, pigs, primates and humans (chapters 6-18). This book provides, for the first time in a single authoritative source, a complete account of the structure, biology, clinical disease, diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, attempts at immunoprophylaxis, and control in all hosts. There are 175 illustrations and tables devoted to the life cycle, structure of parasitic stages, and lesions. More than 2100 references are cited, allowing the reader to locate additional information on specific topics in an efficient way. This book will be useful to a broad range of researchers in biology and veterinarians.
Author: Steffen Backert
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319752413
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are highly versatile membrane-associated transporter machines used by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to deliver substrate molecules to a large variety of target cells. This volume summarizes our current knowledge of the large variety and structural diversity of T4SSs in pathogenic Escherichia, Agrobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Bartonella, Helicobacter, Enterococcus and other species. Divided into 13 chapters contributed by leading experts, it presents findings that significantly enhance our understanding of how various pathogens manipulate host cell functions to trigger bacterial uptake, promote intracellular growth, suppress defense mechanisms and of how bacteria spread antibiotic resistances, thus facilitating bacterial colonization and disease development. The book is an invaluable source of information for researchers and clinicians.
Author: Gabriel Waksman
Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology
ISBN: 9781555813017
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
Structural Biology of Bacterial Pathogenesis explores recent developments in the understanding of the molecular basis of bacterial infectious diseases, from structures involved in adhesion and host recognition to those describing elements of bacterial secretion systems Compiles engaging, convenient reviews of current research Presents high–quality illustrations of key importance to structural biology Reviews comprehensively the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis Provides a link between pathology and its underlying molecular mechanisms Contributors are leading scientists in the fields of structural biology and bacterial infectious diseases
