Towards Greater Selectivity and Peak Capacities in Multidimensional Separations of Complex Samples PDF Download
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Author: Liana Sorina Roca
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Liana Sorina Roca
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Dwight R. Stoll
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000817334
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) is finding increasingly wide application principally due to the analysis of mixtures of moderate to high complexity. Many industries are developing increasingly complex products that are challenging the separation capabilities of state-of-the-art 1D-LC and need new analytical methodologies with substantially more resolving power, and 2D-LC meets that need. This text, organized by two leaders in the field, establishes a sound fundamental basis for the principles of the technique, followed by a discussion of important practical considerations. The book begins with an introduction to multi-dimensional separations and a discussion of the history and development of the technique over the past 40 years, followed by several chapters that provide a theoretical basis for development of 2D-LC methods, including foundational concepts regarding separation complementarity, under-sampling, and dynamics of liquid chromatography separations. Instrumentation for 2D-LC is discussed extensively, including practical aspects such as interface selection and setup. Building on this foundation, two separate chapters are focused on method development for non-comprehensive and comprehensive separations, followed by a chapter dedicated to data analysis. Finally, applications of 2D-LC in several fields ranging from pharmaceutical analysis to polymer science are summarized. The book is an important resource for both students and practitioners who are already using 2D-LC or are interested in getting started in the field. Key Features: Demonstrates the conditions under which a 2D-LC method should be considered as an alternative to a 1D-LC method Establishes a sound fundamental basis of the principles of the technique, followed by guidelines for method optimization Provides a single source for technical knowledge advances and practical guidance described in recent literature Assists with the initial decision to develop a 2D-LC method Guides the reader in developing a high-quality method that meets the needs of their application
Author: Oliver Jones
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811561907
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
This book addresses the growing interest in the field of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC), a powerful approach to increasing resolution, available peak capacity, and selectivity in analytical chromatography. 2DLC is suitable for many applications, including in the pharmaceutical and polymer industries and the omic sciences (metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics). Thanks to recent advances in technology and software the instrumentation needed to perform 2D-LC is broadly available to the analytical community in both industry and academia. Indeed, the technique can now be considered ready for application in R&D as well as in QA and QC labs, yet it is not widely known about outside academic laboratories and is rarely taught at the undergraduate level. This book outlines the main principles and features of 2D-LC (including comprehensive and heart-cutting modes, method development and real world applications) to enable modern analysts to start using this fascinating technique. The book offers an ideal starting point for those wishing to get into 2D-LC and will also be of interest to more experienced scientists in the field.
Author: Stavros Kromidas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527828516
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Learn to maximize the performance of your HPLC or UHPLC system with this resource from leading experts in the field Optimization in HPLC: Concepts and Strategies delivers tried-and-tested strategies for optimizing the performance of HPLC and UHPLC systems for a wide variety of analytical tasks. The book explains how to optimize the different HPLC operation modes for a range of analyses, including small molecules, chiral substances, and biomolecules. It also shows readers when and how computational tools may be used to optimize performance. The practice-oriented text describes common challenges faced by users and developers of HPLC and UHPLC systems, as well as how those challenges can be overcome. Written for first-time and experienced users of HPLC technology and keeping pace with recent developments in HPLC instrumentation and operation modes, this comprehensive guide leaves few questions unanswered. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to optimization strategies for different modes and uses of HPLC, including working under regulatory constraints An exploration of computer aided HPLC optimization, including ChromSwordAuto and Fusion QbD A treatment of current challenges for HPLC users in industry as well as large and small analytical service providers Discussions of current challenges for HPLC equipment suppliers Tailor-made for analytical chemists, chromatographers, pharmacologists, toxicologists, and lab technicians, Optimization in HPLC: Concepts and Strategies will also earn a place on the shelves of analytical laboratories in academia and industry who seek a one-stop reference for optimizing the performance of HPLC systems.
Author: E. Heftmann
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080472249
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 585
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Book Description
Chromatography has emerged as the most important and versatile analytical method. The book is not only an updated version of Heftmann's classical text, but it covers areas of future importance, such as microfluidics and computer resources. Under his experienced guidance, authorities in each field have contributed their practical experience to an integrated treatment of modern micro analysis. In Part A the theoretical basis of individual separation methods is explained and the technical aspects are illustrated. It includes the theory of gas and liquid chromatography as well as specific chromatographic techniques, such as size-exclusion, planar, ion, and affinity chromatography as well as various electrokinetic separation techniques. Microfluidics are covered for the first time and useful sources of analytical instruments are listed and evaluated.1. Each chapter written by an authority2. Thorough treatment of the theoretical basis of separation methods3. Practical guide for performing analyses
Author: Eli Grushka
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142001806X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
For more than four decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. Volume 45 of this authoritative series once again compiles the work of expert contributors in order to present timely and cutting
Author: Luigi Mondello
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471988694
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Mehrdimensionale Chromatographie im analytischen Labor: Dieses Buch bespricht erstmals alle gängigen Verfahren sowie Anwendungen auf verschiedensten Gebieten, von der Pharmazie, Biologie und Chemie bis hin zur Umwelttechnik und erdölverarbeitender Industrie. Die Autoren sind selbst aktiv in der einschlägigen Forschung tätig.
Author: Sacha Baginsky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 376437439X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
This volume aims to provide a timely view of the state-of-the-art in systems biology. The editors take the opportunity to define systems biology as they and the contributing authors see it, and this will lay the groundwork for future studies. The volume is well-suited to both students and researchers interested in the methods of systems biology. Although the focus is on plant systems biology, the proposed material could be suitably applied to any organism.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444633812
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Seas and oceans offer a wide range of temperature, pressure, light and chemical conditions thus allowing a wide diversity of marine organisms from shallow coastal waters to the deep ocean. These resources can be used to obtain new products and develop services, and in turn help to provide solutions to the challenges that affect our planet, including offering a sustainable supply of food and energy, new industrial materials and processes, new bioactive compounds, and new health treatments. Marine compounds have been identified as having antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities. The major sources of these bioactive compounds are marine sponges, coelenterates, and microorganisms, followed by algae, echinoderms, tunicates, molluscs, and bryozoans. The discovery of bioactive compounds from marine samples is a hot topic considering the current need for sustainable use of marine resources. This book is a comprehensive overview of the analytical techniques employed in the discovery and characterization of bioactive compounds isolated from (all possible) marine samples and gives future perspectives of analytical methodologies. This overview includes an assessment of the sampling and preparation of extracts, the separation and isolation of bioactive compounds, their structural characterization and the application of bioassays in the discovery of bioactive compounds. - Comprehensive coverage of analytical techniques and applications - Clear diagrams to adequately support important topics - Real examples of applications of analytical techniques in the search for new bioactive compounds
Author: Christopher E. Freye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
A combination of four instrumental systems and five chemometric methods are shown to improve the efficiency and resolving power (i.e. peak capacity/ peak capacity production) of multi-dimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) as well as provide straightforward, easily interpretable chemical information. Implementation of a high speed pulse flow valve for two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) is shown to provide ultra-fast modulation with modulation periods (P[subscript]M) as short as 50 ms. Using a commercially available pulse flow valve, this injection technique performs a combination of vacancy chromatography and frontal analysis, whereby each pulse disturbance in the analyte concentration profile as it exits the first column (1D) results in data that is readily converted into a second separation (2D). A three-step process converts the raw data into a format analogous to a GC × GC separation, incorporating signal differentiation, baseline correction and conversion to a GC × GC chromatogram representation. For a P[subscript]M of 250 ms, the apparent peak width on the 2D, 2W[subscript]b, ranged from 12 to 45 ms producing a 2D peak capacity, 2n[subscript]c, of ~ 10, and the total peak capacity, n[subscript]c,2[subscript]D, was 4300 or a peak capacity production of 650 peaks/min. Next, the use of a high temperature diaphragm valve as a modulator for GC × GC facilitated separation temperatures up to 325 °C. Previous diaphragm valve technology limited use to 175 °C if the valve was mounted in the oven or to 265 °C if the valve was face mounted on the outside of the oven. A 44-component mixture was evaluated and the diaphragm valve created narrow, reproducible peaks on the 2D dimension leading to a peak capacity production of 300 peaks/min and had minimal retention time shifting on the 1D and 2D dimensions. In addition, the high temperature diaphragm valve was shown to increase the detection sensitivity by ~8 times compared to one-dimensional gas chromatography due to zone compression. Furthermore, the high temperature diaphragm valve was proven to be compatible with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). Finally a combination of the high temperature diaphragm valve and pulse flow valve yielded a three-dimensional gas chromatography system (GC3) that had a peak capacity production of 1000 peaks/min which is a ~5 times increase in efficiency compared to other GC3 systems. Investigation of novel chemometric techniques for the analysis of GC × GC is shown to be beneficial in extracting useful chemical information from complicated samples. Kerosene-based rocket fuels were analyzed via a GC × GC – FID system that implemented a high temperature diaphragm valve as a modulator. Using leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV), the summed GC × GC – FID signal of three compound-class selective 2D regions (alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics) was regressed against previously measured ASTM derived values. Additionally, a more detailed partial least squares (PLS) analysis was performed on compound classes (n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, mono-, di-, and tri-cycloalkanes, and aromatics) as well as the physical properties previously determined by ASTM methods (such as net heat of combustion, hydrogen content, density, kinematic viscosity, sustained boiling temperature and vapor rise temperature). The resulting models had low root mean square errors of cross validation (RMSECV) and had similar outcomes to previously reported results using a GC × GC – TOFMS. Using the information gained from the study, a more extensive study of predicting four physical properties (e.g., viscosity, heat of combustion, hydrogen content, and density) was undertaken using 74 different kerosene-based fuels. Highly reliable PLS models were developed that related chemical composition obtained via GC × GC – TOFMS to fuel properties obtained via ASTM methods. The PLS prediction of the four physical properties (e.g., viscosity, heat of combustion, hydrogen content, and density) had relatively low errors of RMSECV values of 0.0434, 38.1, 0.112, and 0.0037, respectively. Investigation of the linear regression vectors (LRVs) indicate the relationship between the chemical composition and physical properties enabling the chemical compositions of fuels to be altered to meet certain industrial specifications. Using a similar fuel set comprised of 36 kerosene-based fuels, the thermal stability was evaluated using a novel instrument, CRAFTI (Compact Rapid Assessment of Fuel Thermal Integrity). Using a chemometrics-based feature discovery algorithim, the chemical information obtained via GC × GC – TOFMS was correlated to the thermal integrity data. Certain forms of carbon that were deposited within the test article of the CRAFTI instrument were found to strongly correlate with increased backpressure and some of the more prevalent compounds were identified. Next, tile-based Fisher ratio (F-ratio) analysis was applied to tandem ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TI – TOFMS) in order to enhance discovery-based analyses. A hard ionization energy (70 eV) and soft ionization energy (14 eV) were collected concurrently, and the discovery of 12 analytes spiked in diesel fuel was shown to be improved when the two ionization energies were used in tandem resulting in a higher discovery rate while also lowering the number of false positives. Using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) the analytes that were “discovered” were deconvoluted in order to obtain their identification via match values. Lastly, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were improved by a novel integration method. Signal to noise (S/N) enhancement was theoretically studied using simulations and both the LOD and LOQ can be lowered by a factor of 3. When compared to the two-step, a commonly applied method for quantifying one-dimensional and two-dimensional, the integration method resulted in more accurate and precise measurements at low S/N.
