The Question of Tax Exemption for Churches PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download The Question of Tax Exemption for Churches PDF full book. Access full book title The Question of Tax Exemption for Churches by Andrew D. Tanner. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Andrew D. Tanner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Church and state
Languages : en
Pages : 66
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Andrew D. Tanner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Church and state
Languages : en
Pages : 66
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Edward A. Zelinsky
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190853964
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book explores the taxation and exemption of churches and other religious institutions, both empirically and normatively. This exploration reveals that churches and other religious institutions are treated diversely by the federal and state tax systems. Sectarian institutions pay more tax than many believe. In important respects, the states differ among themselves in their respective approaches to the taxation of sectarian entities. Either taxing or exempting churches and other sectarian entities entangles church and state. The taxes to which churches are more frequently subject - federal Social Security and Medicare taxes, sales taxes, real estate conveyance taxes - fall on the less entangling end of the spectrum. The taxes from which religious institutions are exempt - general income taxes, value-based property taxes, unemployment taxes - are typically taxes with the greatest potential for church-state enforcement entanglement. It is unpersuasive to reflexively denounce the tax exemption of religious actors and institutions as a subsidy. Tax exemption can implement the secular, non-subsidizing goal of minimizing church-state enforcement entanglement and thus be regarded as part of a normative tax base. Taxing the church or exempting the church involves often difficult trade-offs among competing and legitimate values. On balance, our federal system of decentralized legislation reasonably make these legal and tax policy trade-offs, though there is room for improvement in particular settings such as the protection of internal church communications and the expansion of the churches' sales tax liabilities.
Author: John Gorham Maitland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Church tax
Languages : en
Pages : 26
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Candice Waller
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Churches and taxes are the meeting place of the spiritual and financial spheres. This complex and often divisive topic raises questions about how much tax revenue comes from religious institutions and where the line must be set to maintain the separation of religion and state. Churches are vital to society because they serve as places of prayer, social action, and charitable giving. However, the question of whether they should be exempt from certain taxes or subject to financial rules is one that is often debated. In this research, we'll look at the background information, the arguments for and against church tax exemptions, the discussions surrounding this policy, and the larger implications for religious institutions and the communities they serve. Join me as we traverse the intricate intersection between taxes and churches. The religious institutions' exemption from taxation The tax-exempt status of religious groups is a complex and hotly contested issue that includes social, legal, and religious considerations. Examining the key elements in further detail: 1. Background History: Tax exemptions for religious organizations are well-established and often linked to the principle of maintaining the separation of religion and stat
Author: Bruce R. Hopkins
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470287071
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Get Book Here
Book Description
Nonprofit Law for Religious Organizations: Essential Questions & Answers is a hands-on guide to the most pertinent and critical legal issues facing those who lead and manage religious tax-exempt organizations with an emphasis on tax, employment, property and constitutional law. This timely book is a response to the need for guidance, direction, and clarification of legal and tax laws affecting churches and other religious organizations.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clergy
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Church property
Languages : en
Pages : 86
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Texas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Public utilities
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: John Witte
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
The law governing tax exemption of church property illustrates the problem of classifying institutions and activities of the independent sector along religious lines. The “independent sector” is comprised of a variety of institutions, like families, schools, charities, churches, corporations, clubs, and others. Religion assumes a variety of forms and functions within these institutions, ranging from the incidental to the indispensable. The law, however, requires that sharp distinctions be drawn between “religious” and “non-religious” institutions and activities. Such distinctions are required by state statutory law. Historically, two separate bodies of state law governed tax exemption of church property: (1) a body of common law, which accorded such exemptions to church properties based upon the religious uses to which they were devoted, and (2) a body of equity law, which accorded such exemptions to church properties based upon the charitable uses to which they were devoted. Currently, only one body of state statutory law governs such exemptions, yet exemptions remain based on either the religious uses or the charitable uses of a property. State officials are thus required to distinguish between piety and charity, religion and benevolence, to determine whether and on what basis a petitioner's property can be exempted from taxation. Such distinctions are also required by federal constitutional law. The Constitution of the United States permits government regulations of various non-religious institutions and activities, provided such regulations comply with generally applicable constitutional values. It permits governmental regulation of religious groups and activities, only if they comply with the specific mandates of the establishment and free exercise clauses of the first amendment. State tax exemptions for religious institutions and religious uses of property, therefore, require separate constitutional treatment. The religion clauses of the first amendment, as currently interpreted, appear to offer conflicting directives on tax status of church property. The establishment clause has been interpreted to forbid government from imparting special benefits to religious groups. The free exercise clause has been interpreted to forbid government from imposing special burdens on religious groups. The free exercise clause has been interpreted to forbid government from imposing special burdens on religious groups. Neither the exemption nor the taxation of church property appears to satisfy the principles of both clauses. To exempt church property, while taxing that of other non-religious groups, appear to violate the “no special benefit” principle of the establishment clause. To tax church property, while taxing that of other non-religious groups, appears to violate the “no special burden” principle of the free exercise clause. To tax church property, while exempting that of other charitable groups, appears to violate the “no special burden” principle of the free exercise clause. In Walz v. Tax Commission (1970), the United States Supreme Court held that tax exemptions of church property, while neither proscribed by the establishment clause nor prescribed by the free exercise clause, are constitutionally permissible. In more recent cases involving federal income taxation and state sale and use taxation, however, the Court has called this precedent into serious question. This Article retraces the history of tax exemption of church property in America and analyzes current patterns of tax exemption litigation and legislation in light of this history. Part I analyses the common law and equity law sources of tax exemption law, the challenge posed to these laws by early state constitutional provisions, and the rise of the modern theory and law of tax exemption of church property that emerged in response to these challenges. Part II analyzes briefly new trends in litigation over the tax exemption of church property, particularly in cases raised by new religious groups, which have sought to avail themselves of the same protections enjoyed by traditional religious groups. Part III poses an alternative to the current reforms of tax exemption law now being debated and analyzes this alternative provisionally in light of historical exemption laws and current constitutional interpretations.
Author: Harry Jacob Hibschman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Church property
Languages : en
Pages : 74
Get Book Here
Book Description