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Author: David Egan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192568876
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Superficially, Wittgenstein and Heidegger seem worlds apart: they worked in different philosophical traditions, seemed mostly ignorant of one another's work, and Wittgenstein's terse aphorisms in plain language could not be farther stylistically from Heidegger's difficult prose. Nevertheless, Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations and Heidegger's Being and Time share a number of striking parallels. In particular, this book shows that both authors manifest a similar concern with authenticity. David Egan develops this position in three stages. Part One explores the emphasis both philosophers place on the everyday, and how this emphasis brings with it a methodological focus on recovering what we already know rather than advancing novel theses. Part Two argues that the dynamic of authenticity and inauthenticity in Being and Time finds homologies in Philosophical Investigations. Here Egan particularly articulates and defends a conception of authenticity in Wittgenstein that emphasizes the responsiveness and reciprocity of play. Part Three considers how both philosophers' conceptions of authenticity apply reflexively to their own work: each is concerned not only with the question of what it means to exist authentically but also with the question of what it means to do philosophy authentically. For both authors, the problematic of authenticity is intimately linked to the question of philosophical method.
Author: David Egan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192568876
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Superficially, Wittgenstein and Heidegger seem worlds apart: they worked in different philosophical traditions, seemed mostly ignorant of one another's work, and Wittgenstein's terse aphorisms in plain language could not be farther stylistically from Heidegger's difficult prose. Nevertheless, Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations and Heidegger's Being and Time share a number of striking parallels. In particular, this book shows that both authors manifest a similar concern with authenticity. David Egan develops this position in three stages. Part One explores the emphasis both philosophers place on the everyday, and how this emphasis brings with it a methodological focus on recovering what we already know rather than advancing novel theses. Part Two argues that the dynamic of authenticity and inauthenticity in Being and Time finds homologies in Philosophical Investigations. Here Egan particularly articulates and defends a conception of authenticity in Wittgenstein that emphasizes the responsiveness and reciprocity of play. Part Three considers how both philosophers' conceptions of authenticity apply reflexively to their own work: each is concerned not only with the question of what it means to exist authentically but also with the question of what it means to do philosophy authentically. For both authors, the problematic of authenticity is intimately linked to the question of philosophical method.
Author: Dean Chavooshian
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781478743729
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
Like many, I have given the origin and meaning of life a great deal of thought in an effort to live it fully-with grace and intelligence. In the process, I discovered that theological/philosophical discussions on reality are empty without the consideration of scientific inquiry as they inform each other on the nature of human existence. We can benefit immensely from the great minds chronicled in this book that have dramatically changed the world and helped man imagine himself in it-leading to one's own self-discovery. DISCOVER: In Theology Is the soul immortal? Is reincarnation possible? Islam's holiest shrine in Mecca was built by the founding father of the Jewish nation. How one man uprooted 1500 years of Roman Catholic domination with a simple document. In Philosophy Is the world pre-determined with orderly harmony or governed by man's free will? Is knowledge gained solely from experience and reasoning-or is it innate? How the self-awareness of existentialism allows one to live an authentic life. How 9th century Muslim scholars contributed to the foundation of modern civilization. In Science What makes all physical matter stable? How does matter reproduce itself? Isaac Newton described gravity's effect, but it was Einstein who showed how it originated. Did man evolve or was he created? The search for a unifying theoretical basis of all the sciences.
Author: Louis Narens
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192598430
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Utilitarianism began as a movement for social reform that changed the world, based on the ideal of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. There is a tendency to enter into debates for and against the ethical doctrine of Utilitarianism without a clear understanding of its basic concepts. The Pursuit of Happiness now offers a rigorous account of the foundations of Utilitarianism, and vividly sets out possible ways forward for its future development. To understand Utilitarianism, we must understand utility: how is it to be measured, and how the aggregate utility of a group can be understood. Louis Narens and Brian Skyrms, respectively a cognitive scientist and a philosopher, pursue these questions by adopting both formal and historical methods, examining theories of measuring utility from Jeremy Bentham, the founder of the Utilitarian movement, to the present day, taking in psychophysics, positivism, measurement theory, meaningfulness, neuropsychology, representation theorems, and the dynamics of formation of conventions. On this basis, Narens and Skyrms argue that a meaningful form of Utilitarianism that can coordinate action in social groups is possible through interpersonal comparison and the formation of conventions.
Author: David Egan
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113410829X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
Ludwig Wittgenstein and Martin Heidegger are arguably the two most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. Their work not only reshaped the philosophical landscape, but also left its mark on other disciplines, including political science, theology, anthropology, ecology, mathematics, cultural studies, literary theory, and architecture. Both sought to challenge the assumptions governing the traditions they inherited, to question the very terms in which philosophy’s problems had been posed, and to open up new avenues of thought for thinkers of all stripes. And despite considerable differences in style and in the traditions they inherited, the similarities between Wittgenstein and Heidegger are striking. Comparative work of these thinkers has only increased in recent decades, but no collection has yet explored the various ways in which Wittgenstein and Heidegger can be drawn into dialogue. As such, these essays stage genuine dialogues, with aspects of Wittgenstein’s elucidations answering or problematizing aspects of Heidegger’s, and vice versa. The result is a broad-ranging collection of essays that provides a series of openings and provocations that will serve as a reference point for future work that draws on the writings of these two philosophers.
Author: Derek Mazzone
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781979976015
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
The Pursuit of Value This book re-examines the big questions of life through the auspices of value and consciousness, and through their roles in human activities such as ethics, religion, romance, and purpose. A meaningful life, for example, is ostensibly one that is worthwhile or valuable, and ethical principles are values that guide 'right' conduct. But both value and consciousness are beset by theoretical problems as well as holding out promises of explanation and resolution. Thinkers from Nietzsche to Ronald Dworkin agree that values are amongst the most crucial aspects of life, lying at the heart of politics, religion, morality and social order. But they are also amongst the least understood. Basic questions remain unanswered such as: what are values, how can apparently subjective values be objective, and perhaps more importantly, how does value enter into our experience of the quality and meaning of our lives? The phenomenon of consciousness offers solutions as well as additional problems. The classic 'mind-body' issue continues to reveal uncertainty over the status of mind as either an aspect of the physical world or as some other species of 'being'. Less widely discussed, an error theory of consciousness-comparable to Mackie's error theory of value-is presented here to explain both the neglect or obfuscation of personal existence, and the 'mysteriousness' of that existence, seemingly evoked by a non-referential form of perception to which every self-conscious individual is subjected. Further questions of free-will, personal identity, and the development of cognitive faculties are also illuminated by a consideration of consciousness, or rather a graduated conception of consciousness attributable with different levels or degrees. It's almost a truism that self-consciousness is a precondition of free-will, personal identity, and certain cognitive faculties, that typically pre-reflective 'animal' consciousness doesn't enjoy. Questions of value also call upon theory of mind, or in our case, a structural conception of consciousness, once favoured in phenomenology. Harking back to Sartrean relations between value, selection and choice, structural features such as graduation, divisibility and 'intentionality' can further explain the origins of value as well as how it can both propel itself and be constrained by its own choices for value. Thrust into the world of reason, intentional objects and the unavoidability of choice, additional constraints bear upon value, and thereby upon our experience of the world. The problematic 'fact-value' and 'is-ought' distinctions in human action and ethics are also offered resolution in a structural account where value isn't just a product of consciousness, but provides a foundation for further value and values. In a structural perspective, the phenomenon of 'choice', for instance, can be understood as both an integral property of consciousness and a final arbiter of moral decision. A resolution of the seeming contradiction between a choice that is both 'free' and 'objectively moral' comes within reach with explanations of value in terms of structures of consciousness that provide both a graduated notion of free-will and a 'relative objectivity' with normative features. Further explanations of value with reference to its quality, resilience and sufficiency, in relation to supporting cognitive objects, sets us on a certain trajectory, on route to a value 'preference', and on a path towards an experience of a 'good' and meaningful life, that we outline here.
Author: Rebecca Housel
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470484233
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
twilight and Philosophy What can vampires tell us about the meaning of life? Is Edward a romantic hero or a dangerous stalker? Is Bella a feminist? Is Stephenie Meyer? How does Stephenie Meyer’s Mormonism fit into the fantastical world of Twilight? Is Jacob “better” for Bella than Edward? The answers to these philosophical questions and more can be found inside Twilight and Philosophy: Vampires, Vegetarians, and the Pursuit of Immortality. With everything from Taoism to mind reading to the place of God in a world of vampires, this book offers some very tasty philosophy for both the living and the undead to sink their teeth into. Whether you’re on Team Edward or Team Jacob, whether you loved or hated Breaking Dawn, this book is for you! To learn more about the Blackwell Philosophy and Pop Culture series, visit www.andphilosophy.com
Author: Gordon Louis Anderson
Publisher: Paragon House Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
Anderson begins his book by noting that the shock of 9/11 can in some ways be compared to the shock the Babylonians experienced in 1158 B.C. or the Romans experienced in 410 A.D. These ancient civilizations, the lessons learned from them, and the spiritual impulses they generated (Judaism and Christianity respectively), form the cultural matrix from which the modern philosophy that guided the creation of the United States Constitution emerged. Notable is Anderson s description of how, at the founding, the liberal rationalists and the pietistic revivalists were able to cooperate. This was possible through a sense of common purpose and a general philosophy broad enough to encompass the more specific philosophies of the liberals and conservatives of the day. Through his description of the issues the founding left unresolved and the pursuit of greed and power, Anderson shows how that common purpose has degenerated into the culture wars that threaten to tear the United States apart today. [Publisher web site].
Author: Warren Schmaus
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN: 0822986280
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
French philosopher Charles Renouvier played an influential role in reviving philosophy in France after it was proscribed during the Second Empire. Drawn to the ideals of the French Revolution, Renouvier came to recognize that the free will and civil liberties he supported were essential to the pursuit of science, contrary to the ideologies of positivists and socialists who would restrict liberty in the name of science. He struggled against monarchy and religious authority in the period up through 1848 and defended a liberal, secular form of political organization at a critical turning point in French history, the beginning of the Third Republic. As Warren Schmaus argues, Renouvier’s work provides an example of one way in which philosophy of science can succeed in bringing about change in political life—by critiquing political ideologies that falsely claim absolute certainty on religious, scientific, or any other grounds. Liberty and the Pursuit of Knowledge explores the understudied relationship between Renouvier’s philosophy of science and his political philosophy, shedding new light on the significance of his thought for the history of philosophy.
Author: Konrad Werner
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030799646
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
The book is the first formulation of a meta-philosophical scheme rooted in the embodied cognition paradigm. The latter views subjects capable of cognition and experience as living, embodied creatures coupled with their environments. On the other hand, the emergence of experimental philosophy has given rise to a new context in which philosophers have begun to search for a more thorough definition of philosophical competence. The time is ripe for these two trends to join their efforts. Therefore, the book discusses what it means for a human being thought of as a living subject to pursue philosophy. In this context, in contrast to the existing literature, philosophical competence must not be conflated with competence in philosophy. The former is a skill or attitude. The book refers to this peculiar attitude as the recognition of one’s epistemic position.
Author: Jeffrey Dirk Wilson
Publisher: Catholic University of America Press
ISBN: 0813234182
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Philosophy is born in its history as pursuit of the wisdom we are never able fully to know. Mystery and Intelligibility: History of Philosophy as Pursuit of Wisdom both argues for that method and presents the results it can achieve. Editor Jeffrey Dirk Wilson has gathered essays from six philosophical luminaries. In “History, Philosophy, and the History of Philosophy,” Timothy B. Noone provides the volume’s discourse on method in which he distinguishes three tiers of history. History of philosophy as method occupies the third and highest tier. John Rist reckons with contemporary corruption of the method in “A Guide for the Perplexed or How to Present or Pervert the History of Philosophy.” Wilson’s own essay, “Wonder and the Discovery of Being: From Homeric Myth to the Natural Genera of Early Greek Philosophy,” shows the loss of wonder, so evident in mythology, by early Greek thinkers and its recovery by Plato and Aristotle. In “Metaphysics and the Origin of Culture,” Donald Phillip Verene demonstrates the wide cultural implications of philosophical discoveries even when the discovery is the boundary of what humans can know. William Desmond offers an essay, “Flux-Gibberish: For and Against Heraclitus,” that owes as much to the humor of James Joyce as to the philosophical insights of philosophers, ancient, medieval, and modern. Eric D. Perl’s essay turns to the apophatic character of pursuing wisdom, perhaps especially when asking what may be the most fundamental metaphysical question: “Into the Dark: How (Not) to Ask, ‘Why is There Anything at All.’” Philipp W. Rosemann concludes the volume with the question best asked at the end of this literary seminar, “What is Philosophy?” Although there are philosophers within the analytic and continental schools who are committed to the history of philosophy, Mystery and Intelligibility demonstrates that history of philosophy as a third and distinct philosophical method is revelatory of the nature and structure of reality.
