The Mechanism of Resistance to Xanthomonas Vasicola Pv Musacearum Explored in Musa Balbisiana PDF Download
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Author: Fred Ssekiwoko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Banana Xanthomonas wilt caused by Xanthomonas vascicola pv musacearum (Xvm) devastates banana in East and Central Africa causing total yield loss in diseased plants. Previous germplasm screening experiments has identified M. balbisiana, a wild banana type, as an important Xvm resistance source but with exact resistance mechanism still to be defined. This PhD study was therefore aimed to evaluate the possible mechanism. For the study, clean M. balbisiana plantlets were required that were obtained through a newly developed tissue culture process. In the absence of a suitable banana culture medium, the MS proliferation medium was, in a first step, modified by increasing concentrations of the antioxidants ascorbic acid and thiamine-HCl to 20 mg/l and 0.18 mg/l, respectively. In addition, culturing the explants in total darkness for the first 9 weeks after initiation improved plantlet proliferation. Modifications applied enabled production of up to 40 M. balbisiana plantlets per explant. In a further step, multiplication and migration of Xvm in M. balbisiana plantlets following injection was investigated and compared to susceptible banana EAHB cv Nakinyika . Treatment of the youngest open leaf with a bacterial suspension delayed symptom development in M. balbisiana and symptoms only appeared 10 weeks after inoculation. In addition, wilt incidence and severity were only 33% and 20%, respectively, with only the symptomatic leaves, inoculated and the immediate follower leaves, eventually dying. In addition, a general decline in the population of the bacterium in the plant occurred, though the bacterium initially migrated to the leaves that are immediate followers to the inoculated leaf. In a further molecular dissection of the active defense pathway, a sharp decline in transcription of several genes involved in pathogen resistance was found. After inoculation, transcription of MbNBS (an R gene), MdNPR1 (NPR1 gene) and PR3 (a typical PR gene) was below basal transcription in
Author: Fred Ssekiwoko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Banana Xanthomonas wilt caused by Xanthomonas vascicola pv musacearum (Xvm) devastates banana in East and Central Africa causing total yield loss in diseased plants. Previous germplasm screening experiments has identified M. balbisiana, a wild banana type, as an important Xvm resistance source but with exact resistance mechanism still to be defined. This PhD study was therefore aimed to evaluate the possible mechanism. For the study, clean M. balbisiana plantlets were required that were obtained through a newly developed tissue culture process. In the absence of a suitable banana culture medium, the MS proliferation medium was, in a first step, modified by increasing concentrations of the antioxidants ascorbic acid and thiamine-HCl to 20 mg/l and 0.18 mg/l, respectively. In addition, culturing the explants in total darkness for the first 9 weeks after initiation improved plantlet proliferation. Modifications applied enabled production of up to 40 M. balbisiana plantlets per explant. In a further step, multiplication and migration of Xvm in M. balbisiana plantlets following injection was investigated and compared to susceptible banana EAHB cv Nakinyika . Treatment of the youngest open leaf with a bacterial suspension delayed symptom development in M. balbisiana and symptoms only appeared 10 weeks after inoculation. In addition, wilt incidence and severity were only 33% and 20%, respectively, with only the symptomatic leaves, inoculated and the immediate follower leaves, eventually dying. In addition, a general decline in the population of the bacterium in the plant occurred, though the bacterium initially migrated to the leaves that are immediate followers to the inoculated leaf. In a further molecular dissection of the active defense pathway, a sharp decline in transcription of several genes involved in pathogen resistance was found. After inoculation, transcription of MbNBS (an R gene), MdNPR1 (NPR1 gene) and PR3 (a typical PR gene) was below basal transcription in
Author: Gyana Ranjan Rout
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323899137
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Book Description
Omics in Horticulture Crops presents a comprehensive view of germplasm diversity, genetic evolution, genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics of fruit crops (temperate, tropical and subtropical fruits, fruit nuts, berries), vegetables, tuberous crops, ornamental and floricultural crops and medicinal aromatic plants. Information covering phenomics, genetic diversity, phylogenetic studies, genome sequencing, and genome barcoding through the utilization of molecular markers plays an imperative role in the characterization and effective utilization of diverse germplasm are included in the book. This is a valuable reference for researchers and academics seeking to improve cultivar productivity through enhanced genetic diversity while also retaining optimal traits and protecting the growing environment. Highlights perspectives, progress and promises of -omics application Provides a systematic overview of origin, progenitor and domestication process as well as genetic insights Includes full range of horticultural crops
Author: P. Narayanasamy
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042960338X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Crop disease management strategies revolve around the principles of exclusion, eradication and immunization. Cultural practices are aimed at preventing or reducing the accumulation of pathogen population (inoculum). Development of cultivars with genetic resistance by transgressing resistance gene(s) through traditional breeding procedures or biotechnological techniques is the most effective and acceptable strategy, as it is environment-friendly and does not need any additional cost to the grower. Assessment of different grades of resistance of cultivars or genotypes to soilborne microbial pathogens has been possible by quantifying pathogen populations or their DNA contents in the test plants by applying biological and molecular methods. This second volume of a two-volume set focuses on the soilborne microbial plant pathogens and the diseases caused by them. The book provides information on ecology and epidemiology of soilborne microbial plant pathogens and various strategies applicable for effective management of diseases. Chapters cover exclusion and prevention strategies; improvement of host plant resistance; biological management; application of chemicals; and integration of these disease management strategies. Features Discusses various aspects of soilborne microbial plant pathogens to develop effective methods of managing diseases. Presents information on epidemiology and ecology of soilborne microbial plant pathogens. Facilitates the application of management strategies alone or in combination with others for effective suppression of disease development. Features information on application of biotic and abiotic biological control agents (BCAs) to suppress pathogen development either by directly acting on the pathogen(s) or indirectly by enhancing host resistance to the pathogens. Employs biotic and abiotic biocontrol agents either to replace or reduce the use of chemicals is an achievable approach for managing the soilborne microbial pathogens.
Author: Muhammad Siddiq
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119528232
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
A comprehensive guide that covers the banana’s full value chain – from production to consumption The banana is the world’s fourth major fruit crop. Offering a unique and in-depth overview of the fruit’s entire value chain, this important new handbook charts its progression from production through to harvest, postharvest, processing, and consumption. The most up-to-date data and best practices are drawn together to present guidelines on innovative storage, processing, and packaging technologies, while fresh approaches to quality management and the value-added utilization of banana byproducts are also explained. Additionally, the book examines the banana’s physiology, nutritional significance, and potential diseases and pests. The book also Edited by noted experts in the field of food science, this essential text: Provides a new examination of the world’s fourth major fruit crop Covers the fruit’s entire value chain Offers dedicated chapters on bioactive and phytochemical compounds found in bananas and the potential of processing byproducts Gives insight into bananas’ antioxidant content and other nutritional properties Identifies and explains present and possible effects of bioactive and phytochemical compounds Handbook of Banana Production, Postharvest Science, Processing Technology, and Nutrition offers the most far-reaching overview of the banana currently available. It will be of great benefit to food industry professionals specializing in fruit processing, packaging, and manufacturing banana-based products. The book is also an excellent resource for those studying or researching food technology, food science, food engineering, food packaging, applied nutrition, biotechnology, and more.
Author: J. D. Janse
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1845930355
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
This comprehensive manual of phytobacteriology is heavily illustrated with over 200 colour photographs and line illustrations. It begins by outlining the history and science of bacteriology and gives an overview of the diversity and versatility of complex bacteria. It then explains the characterization, identification and naming of complex bacteria, and explores how bacteria can cause disease and how plants react to such disease. The book also discusses the economic importance of bacterial diseases as well as strategies for their control and the reduction of crop losses. It concludes with fifty examples of plant pathogenic bacteria and the diseases that they cause.
Author: David Robert Jones
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780851993553
Category : Abaca (Plant)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive guide to the large number of diseases, disorders and injuries that can cause severe economic losses to banana, plantain, abaca and enset crops. Most of the diseases are described and illustrated in color, making the book valuable as a diagnostic tool. It also provides information on the fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and abiotic factors involved in the diseases/disorders described. Information is provided on the origin and classification of banana, the safe movement of Musa germplasm and banana breeding, including possibilities for genetic engineering for disease resistance.
Author: Tony Cooke
Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN: 0643069712
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
Comprehensive coverage of important diseases affecting the broad range of fruit crops grown in Australia.
Author: Caitilyn Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
The bacterial wilt diseases caused by members of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex have never been more important. The research presented in this volume reveals a pathogen on the move, with a growing global profile. While these diseases inflict ongoing and increasing crop losses on subsistence farmers, the pathogen now has significant political and economic impact in the developed world.This book, based on the 3rd International Bacterial Wilt Symposium, covers topics ranging from the basic biology of the host-pathogen interaction to applied research, designed to immediately address disease losses in the field. Contributors to the book span a broad range of applied and basic biologists. They work in all parts of the world, offering current data on sustainable low-tech disease control practices and on R. solanacearum as a model system for understanding molecular plant-microbe interactions.Bacterial Wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex opens with two key reviews. One presents a thoughtful analysis of international collaborations on bacterial wilt research in the context of a review of literature published on the topic. The second is a global assessment of the current impact of bacterial wilt. Although there are still significant gaps in the data available, for the first time a general idea of the real impact and extent of these diseases around the world is presented.Topics covered in this resource include: epidemiology, disease management, breeding and deployment, host plant response and disease management, pathogen genetics, R. solanacearum in banana and plantains, and diversity and detection. Experts provide overviews focusing on the pressing research needs in each area. These overview chapters are intended to give the reader the best current understanding of the topic and to suggest promising directions for future research.Global Impact of R. solanacearum:R. solanacearum is a contentious topic in agricultural trade negotiations in the European Union and is subject to strict quarantine and eradication regulations in the United States. This legislation has had unforeseen economic impacts on laborers in developing nations where millions of ornamental plant cuttings are produced for the North American and European markets. In addition, reports at the 3rd International Bacterial Wilt Symposium indicated that the most rapid and alarming increases in bacterial wilt disease incidence around the world are on potatoes, bananas and plantains. More than ever, scientists who work with this pathogen must recognize that although bacterial wilt certainly can cause severe crop losses on a local scale, it also plays a complex and significant role in the worldwide agricultural matrix.
Author: Bhaskar Vira
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
ISBN: 1783741937
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
As population estimates for 2050 reach over 9 billion, issues of food security and nutrition have been dominating academic and policy debates. A total of 805 million people are undernourished worldwide and malnutrition affects nearly every country on the planet. Despite impressive productivity increases, there is growing evidence that conventional agricultural strategies fall short of eliminating global hunger, as well as having long-term ecological consequences. Forests can play an important role in complementing agricultural production to address the Sustainable Development Goals on zero hunger. Forests and trees can be managed to provide better and more nutritionally-balanced diets, greater control over food inputs—particularly during lean seasons and periods of vulnerability (especially for marginalised groups)—and deliver ecosystem services for crop production. However forests are undergoing a rapid process of degradation, a complex process that governments are struggling to reverse. This volume provides important evidence and insights about the potential of forests to reducing global hunger and malnutrition, exploring the different roles of landscapes, and the governance approaches that are required for the equitable delivery of these benefits. Forests and Food is essential reading for researchers, students, NGOs and government departments responsible for agriculture, forestry, food security and poverty alleviation around the globe.
Author: Muhammad Siddiq
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119014387
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Written by noted experts in the field, Handbook of Mango Fruit: Production, Postharvest Science, Processing Technology and Nutrition offers a comprehensive resource regarding the production, trade, and consumption of this popular tropical fruit. The authors review the geographic areas where the fruit is grown and harvested, including information on the ever-expanding global marketplace that highlights United States production, imports and exports, and consumption, as well as data on the outlook for the European market. Handbook of Mango Fruit outlines the postharvest handling and packaging techniques and reviews the fruit’s processed products and byproducts that are gleaned from the processing of waste. The authors include information on the nutritional profile of the mango and review the food safety considerations for processing and transport of mangoes. This comprehensive resource: Reviews global mango production trends and countries that are the major exporters and importers of mangoes Explores the burgeoning marketplace for mangoes with special emphasis on the US and European marketplace Assesses latest trends in packaging of and shipping of mangoes Provides in depth coverage on value-added processing and by-products utilization Offers vital information on the innovative processing technologies and nutritional profile of popular tropical fruit Written for anyone involved in the production, marketing, postharvest handling, processing and by-products of mangoes, Handbook of Mango Fruit is a vital resource offering the most current information and guidelines on the burgeoning marketplace as well as the safe handling, production, and distribution of mangoes.
