Author: Gregory J Durston
Publisher: Waterside Press
ISBN: 1909976733
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 152
Book Description
Market manipulation comes in many forms. For a wrong that some say started life with groups of men dressed in Bourbon uniforms spreading false information in cod French accents, the speed of change has accelerated dramatically in the modern era, via the Internet, novel forms of electronic communication, ultra-fast computer-generated trading, new types of financial instruments, and increased globalisation. This means that opportunities for carrying-out new forms of manipulation now exist on an exponential scale. Looks at the mechanisms, criminal and civil, to confront market manipulation, its enforcement regimes, legal and evidential rules and potential loopholes. Shows how every individual involved in market transactions can fall foul of the law if they do not ensure integrity in their dealings. The ‘tricks’ used by those seeking to benefit from this special category of fraud and the relationship of dedicated provisions to the general law is outlined, with key statutory provisions set out in an appendix. A valuable accompaniment to The Little Book of Insider Dealing (Waterside Press, 2018). An invaluable pocket guide and law primer. An essential guide for investors. With practical examples and decided cases. An up-to-date treatment of a fast-moving topic. Describes both criminal and regulatory regimes. Contents include Forms of Market Manipulation; Suspicion, Identification, Detection and Investigation; Obligations and Enforcement; Criminal Offences, Defences and Punishment; Regulatory Provisions and Penalties; Evidence; Acronyms; Select Bibliography; Key Statutory Provisions and Index.
The Little Book of Market Manipulation
Author: Gregory J Durston
Publisher: Waterside Press
ISBN: 1909976733
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 152
Book Description
Market manipulation comes in many forms. For a wrong that some say started life with groups of men dressed in Bourbon uniforms spreading false information in cod French accents, the speed of change has accelerated dramatically in the modern era, via the Internet, novel forms of electronic communication, ultra-fast computer-generated trading, new types of financial instruments, and increased globalisation. This means that opportunities for carrying-out new forms of manipulation now exist on an exponential scale. Looks at the mechanisms, criminal and civil, to confront market manipulation, its enforcement regimes, legal and evidential rules and potential loopholes. Shows how every individual involved in market transactions can fall foul of the law if they do not ensure integrity in their dealings. The ‘tricks’ used by those seeking to benefit from this special category of fraud and the relationship of dedicated provisions to the general law is outlined, with key statutory provisions set out in an appendix. A valuable accompaniment to The Little Book of Insider Dealing (Waterside Press, 2018). An invaluable pocket guide and law primer. An essential guide for investors. With practical examples and decided cases. An up-to-date treatment of a fast-moving topic. Describes both criminal and regulatory regimes. Contents include Forms of Market Manipulation; Suspicion, Identification, Detection and Investigation; Obligations and Enforcement; Criminal Offences, Defences and Punishment; Regulatory Provisions and Penalties; Evidence; Acronyms; Select Bibliography; Key Statutory Provisions and Index.
Publisher: Waterside Press
ISBN: 1909976733
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 152
Book Description
Market manipulation comes in many forms. For a wrong that some say started life with groups of men dressed in Bourbon uniforms spreading false information in cod French accents, the speed of change has accelerated dramatically in the modern era, via the Internet, novel forms of electronic communication, ultra-fast computer-generated trading, new types of financial instruments, and increased globalisation. This means that opportunities for carrying-out new forms of manipulation now exist on an exponential scale. Looks at the mechanisms, criminal and civil, to confront market manipulation, its enforcement regimes, legal and evidential rules and potential loopholes. Shows how every individual involved in market transactions can fall foul of the law if they do not ensure integrity in their dealings. The ‘tricks’ used by those seeking to benefit from this special category of fraud and the relationship of dedicated provisions to the general law is outlined, with key statutory provisions set out in an appendix. A valuable accompaniment to The Little Book of Insider Dealing (Waterside Press, 2018). An invaluable pocket guide and law primer. An essential guide for investors. With practical examples and decided cases. An up-to-date treatment of a fast-moving topic. Describes both criminal and regulatory regimes. Contents include Forms of Market Manipulation; Suspicion, Identification, Detection and Investigation; Obligations and Enforcement; Criminal Offences, Defences and Punishment; Regulatory Provisions and Penalties; Evidence; Acronyms; Select Bibliography; Key Statutory Provisions and Index.
Data Manipulation with R
Author: Phil Spector
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387747303
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 158
Book Description
This book presents a wide array of methods applicable for reading data into R, and efficiently manipulating that data. In addition to the built-in functions, a number of readily available packages from CRAN (the Comprehensive R Archive Network) are also covered. All of the methods presented take advantage of the core features of R: vectorization, efficient use of subscripting, and the proper use of the varied functions in R that are provided for common data management tasks. Most experienced R users discover that, especially when working with large data sets, it may be helpful to use other programs, notably databases, in conjunction with R. Accordingly, the use of databases in R is covered in detail, along with methods for extracting data from spreadsheets and datasets created by other programs. Character manipulation, while sometimes overlooked within R, is also covered in detail, allowing problems that are traditionally solved by scripting languages to be carried out entirely within R. For users with experience in other languages, guidelines for the effective use of programming constructs like loops are provided. Since many statistical modeling and graphics functions need their data presented in a data frame, techniques for converting the output of commonly used functions to data frames are provided throughout the book.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387747303
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 158
Book Description
This book presents a wide array of methods applicable for reading data into R, and efficiently manipulating that data. In addition to the built-in functions, a number of readily available packages from CRAN (the Comprehensive R Archive Network) are also covered. All of the methods presented take advantage of the core features of R: vectorization, efficient use of subscripting, and the proper use of the varied functions in R that are provided for common data management tasks. Most experienced R users discover that, especially when working with large data sets, it may be helpful to use other programs, notably databases, in conjunction with R. Accordingly, the use of databases in R is covered in detail, along with methods for extracting data from spreadsheets and datasets created by other programs. Character manipulation, while sometimes overlooked within R, is also covered in detail, allowing problems that are traditionally solved by scripting languages to be carried out entirely within R. For users with experience in other languages, guidelines for the effective use of programming constructs like loops are provided. Since many statistical modeling and graphics functions need their data presented in a data frame, techniques for converting the output of commonly used functions to data frames are provided throughout the book.
The Little Book of Behavioral Investing
Author: James Montier
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470712031
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 243
Book Description
A detailed guide to overcoming the most frequently encountered psychological pitfalls of investing Bias, emotion, and overconfidence are just three of the many behavioral traits that can lead investors to lose money or achieve lower returns. Behavioral finance, which recognizes that there is a psychological element to all investor decision-making, can help you overcome this obstacle. In The Little Book of Behavioral Investing, expert James Montier takes you through some of the most important behavioral challenges faced by investors. Montier reveals the most common psychological barriers, clearly showing how emotion, overconfidence, and a multitude of other behavioral traits, can affect investment decision-making. Offers time-tested ways to identify and avoid the pitfalls of investor bias Author James Montier is one of the world's foremost behavioral analysts Discusses how to learn from our investment mistakes instead of repeating them Explores the behavioral principles that will allow you to maintain a successful investment portfolio Written in a straightforward and accessible style, The Little Book of Behavioral Investing will enable you to identify and eliminate behavioral traits that can hinder your investment endeavors and show you how to go about achieving superior returns in the process. Praise for The Little Book Of Behavioral Investing "The Little Book of Behavioral Investing is an important book for anyone who is interested in understanding the ways that human nature and financial markets interact." —Dan Ariely, James B. Duke Professor of Behavioral Economics, Duke University, and author of Predictably Irrational "In investing, success means¿being on the right side of most trades. No book provides a better starting point toward that goal than this one." —Bruce Greenwald, Robert Heilbrunn Professor of Finance and Asset Management, Columbia Business School "'Know thyself.' Overcoming human instinct is key to becoming a better investor.¿ You would be irrational if you did not read this book." —Edward Bonham-Carter, Chief Executive and Chief Investment Officer, Jupiter Asset Management "There is not an investor anywhere who wouldn't profit from reading this book." —Jeff Hochman, Director of Technical Strategy, Fidelity Investment Services Limited "James Montier gives us a very accessible version of why we as investors are so predictably irrational, and a guide to help us channel our 'Inner Spock' to make better investment decisions. Bravo!" —John Mauldin, President, Millennium Wave Investments
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470712031
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 243
Book Description
A detailed guide to overcoming the most frequently encountered psychological pitfalls of investing Bias, emotion, and overconfidence are just three of the many behavioral traits that can lead investors to lose money or achieve lower returns. Behavioral finance, which recognizes that there is a psychological element to all investor decision-making, can help you overcome this obstacle. In The Little Book of Behavioral Investing, expert James Montier takes you through some of the most important behavioral challenges faced by investors. Montier reveals the most common psychological barriers, clearly showing how emotion, overconfidence, and a multitude of other behavioral traits, can affect investment decision-making. Offers time-tested ways to identify and avoid the pitfalls of investor bias Author James Montier is one of the world's foremost behavioral analysts Discusses how to learn from our investment mistakes instead of repeating them Explores the behavioral principles that will allow you to maintain a successful investment portfolio Written in a straightforward and accessible style, The Little Book of Behavioral Investing will enable you to identify and eliminate behavioral traits that can hinder your investment endeavors and show you how to go about achieving superior returns in the process. Praise for The Little Book Of Behavioral Investing "The Little Book of Behavioral Investing is an important book for anyone who is interested in understanding the ways that human nature and financial markets interact." —Dan Ariely, James B. Duke Professor of Behavioral Economics, Duke University, and author of Predictably Irrational "In investing, success means¿being on the right side of most trades. No book provides a better starting point toward that goal than this one." —Bruce Greenwald, Robert Heilbrunn Professor of Finance and Asset Management, Columbia Business School "'Know thyself.' Overcoming human instinct is key to becoming a better investor.¿ You would be irrational if you did not read this book." —Edward Bonham-Carter, Chief Executive and Chief Investment Officer, Jupiter Asset Management "There is not an investor anywhere who wouldn't profit from reading this book." —Jeff Hochman, Director of Technical Strategy, Fidelity Investment Services Limited "James Montier gives us a very accessible version of why we as investors are so predictably irrational, and a guide to help us channel our 'Inner Spock' to make better investment decisions. Bravo!" —John Mauldin, President, Millennium Wave Investments
What Money Can't Buy
Author: Michael J. Sandel
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN: 1429942584
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Book Description
In What Money Can't Buy, renowned political philosopher Michael J. Sandel rethinks the role that markets and money should play in our society. Should we pay children to read books or to get good grades? Should we put a price on human life to decide how much pollution to allow? Is it ethical to pay people to test risky new drugs or to donate their organs? What about hiring mercenaries to fight our wars, outsourcing inmates to for-profit prisons, auctioning admission to elite universities, or selling citizenship to immigrants willing to pay? In his New York Times bestseller What Money Can't Buy, Michael J. Sandel takes up one of the biggest ethical questions of our time: Isn't there something wrong with a world in which everything is for sale? If so, how can we prevent market values from reaching into spheres of life where they don't belong? What are the moral limits of markets? Over recent decades, market values have crowded out nonmarket norms in almost every aspect of life. Without quite realizing it, Sandel argues, we have drifted from having a market economy to being a market society. In Justice, an international bestseller, Sandel showed himself to be a master at illuminating, with clarity and verve, the hard moral questions we confront in our everyday lives. Now, in What Money Can't Buy, he provokes a debate that's been missing in our market-driven age: What is the proper role of markets in a democratic society, and how can we protect the moral and civic goods that markets do not honor and money cannot buy?
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN: 1429942584
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Book Description
In What Money Can't Buy, renowned political philosopher Michael J. Sandel rethinks the role that markets and money should play in our society. Should we pay children to read books or to get good grades? Should we put a price on human life to decide how much pollution to allow? Is it ethical to pay people to test risky new drugs or to donate their organs? What about hiring mercenaries to fight our wars, outsourcing inmates to for-profit prisons, auctioning admission to elite universities, or selling citizenship to immigrants willing to pay? In his New York Times bestseller What Money Can't Buy, Michael J. Sandel takes up one of the biggest ethical questions of our time: Isn't there something wrong with a world in which everything is for sale? If so, how can we prevent market values from reaching into spheres of life where they don't belong? What are the moral limits of markets? Over recent decades, market values have crowded out nonmarket norms in almost every aspect of life. Without quite realizing it, Sandel argues, we have drifted from having a market economy to being a market society. In Justice, an international bestseller, Sandel showed himself to be a master at illuminating, with clarity and verve, the hard moral questions we confront in our everyday lives. Now, in What Money Can't Buy, he provokes a debate that's been missing in our market-driven age: What is the proper role of markets in a democratic society, and how can we protect the moral and civic goods that markets do not honor and money cannot buy?
Social Choice and the Mathematics of Manipulation
Author: Alan D. Taylor
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521008839
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Book Description
Honesty in voting, it turns out, is not always the best policy. Indeed, in the early 1970s, Allan Gibbard and Mark Satterthwaite, building on the seminal work of Nobel laureate Kenneth Arrow, proved that with three or more alternatives there is no reasonable voting system that is non-manipulable; voters will always have an opportunity to benefit by submitting a disingenuous ballot. The ensuing decades produced a number of theorems of striking mathematical naturality that dealt with the manipulability of voting systems. This 2005 book presents many of these results from the last quarter of the twentieth century, especially the contributions of economists and philosophers, from a mathematical point of view, with many new proofs. The presentation is almost completely self-contained, and requires no prerequisites except a willingness to follow rigorous mathematical arguments. Mathematics students, as well as mathematicians, political scientists, economists and philosophers will learn why it is impossible to devise a completely unmanipulable voting system.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521008839
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Book Description
Honesty in voting, it turns out, is not always the best policy. Indeed, in the early 1970s, Allan Gibbard and Mark Satterthwaite, building on the seminal work of Nobel laureate Kenneth Arrow, proved that with three or more alternatives there is no reasonable voting system that is non-manipulable; voters will always have an opportunity to benefit by submitting a disingenuous ballot. The ensuing decades produced a number of theorems of striking mathematical naturality that dealt with the manipulability of voting systems. This 2005 book presents many of these results from the last quarter of the twentieth century, especially the contributions of economists and philosophers, from a mathematical point of view, with many new proofs. The presentation is almost completely self-contained, and requires no prerequisites except a willingness to follow rigorous mathematical arguments. Mathematics students, as well as mathematicians, political scientists, economists and philosophers will learn why it is impossible to devise a completely unmanipulable voting system.
The Big Secret for the Small Investor
Author: Joel Greenblatt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119979714
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 79
Book Description
Acclaim for Joel Greenblatt's New York Times bestseller THE LITTLE BOOK THAT BEATS THE MARKET "One of the best, clearest guides to value investing out there." —Wall Street Journal "Simply perfect. One of the most important investment books of the last fifty years!" —Michael Price "A landmark book-a stunningly simple and low-risk way to significantly beat the market!" —Michael Steinhardt, the dean of Wall Street hedge-fund managers "The best book on the subject in years." —Financial Times "The best thing about this book-from which I intend to steal liberally for the next edition of The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need-is that most people won't believe it. . . . That's good, because the more people who know about a good thing, the more expensive that thing ordinarily becomes. . . ." —Andrew Tobias, author of The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need "This book is the finest simple distillation of modern value investing principles ever written. It should be mandatory reading for all serious investors from the fourth grade on up." —Professor Bruce Greenwald, director of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing, Columbia Business School
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119979714
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 79
Book Description
Acclaim for Joel Greenblatt's New York Times bestseller THE LITTLE BOOK THAT BEATS THE MARKET "One of the best, clearest guides to value investing out there." —Wall Street Journal "Simply perfect. One of the most important investment books of the last fifty years!" —Michael Price "A landmark book-a stunningly simple and low-risk way to significantly beat the market!" —Michael Steinhardt, the dean of Wall Street hedge-fund managers "The best book on the subject in years." —Financial Times "The best thing about this book-from which I intend to steal liberally for the next edition of The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need-is that most people won't believe it. . . . That's good, because the more people who know about a good thing, the more expensive that thing ordinarily becomes. . . ." —Andrew Tobias, author of The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need "This book is the finest simple distillation of modern value investing principles ever written. It should be mandatory reading for all serious investors from the fourth grade on up." —Professor Bruce Greenwald, director of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing, Columbia Business School
The Thinker's Guide to Fallacies
Author: Linda Elder
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538133776
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 59
Book Description
The Thinker’s Guide to Fallacies introduces the concept of mental trickery and shows readers how to discern and see through forty-four different types of fallacies. Focusing on how human self-deception and manipulation lie behind fallacies, this guide builds reasoning skills and promotes fairminded, logical thought, discussions, and debate. As part of the Thinker’s Guide Library, this book advances the mission of the Foundation for Critical Thinking to promote fair-minded critical societies through cultivating essential intellectual abilities and virtues across every field of study across world.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538133776
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 59
Book Description
The Thinker’s Guide to Fallacies introduces the concept of mental trickery and shows readers how to discern and see through forty-four different types of fallacies. Focusing on how human self-deception and manipulation lie behind fallacies, this guide builds reasoning skills and promotes fairminded, logical thought, discussions, and debate. As part of the Thinker’s Guide Library, this book advances the mission of the Foundation for Critical Thinking to promote fair-minded critical societies through cultivating essential intellectual abilities and virtues across every field of study across world.
The Truffle Underground
Author: Ryan Jacobs
Publisher: Clarkson Potter
ISBN: 0451495691
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
“The ultimate truffle true crime tale”*: A thrilling journey through the hidden underworld of the world's most prized luxury ingredient. *Bianca Bosker, New York Times bestselling author of Cork Dork Beneath the gloss of star chefs and crystal-laden tables, the truffle supply chain is touched by theft, secrecy, sabotage, and fraud. Farmers patrol their fields with rifles and fear losing trade secrets to spies. Hunters plant poisoned meatballs to eliminate rival truffle-hunting dogs. Naive buyers and even knowledgeable experts are duped by liars and counterfeits. Deeply reported and elegantly written, this page-turning exposé documents the dark, sometimes deadly crimes at each level of the truffle’s path from ground to plate, making sense of an industry that traffics in scarcity, seduction, and cash. Through it all, a question lingers: What, other than money, draws people to these dirt-covered jewels? Praise for The Truffle Underground “Investigative journalist and first-time author Jacobs does a remarkable job reporting from the front lines of the truffle industry, bringing to vivid life French black-truffle farmers, Italian white-truffle foragers, and their marvelously well-trained dogs.”—Booklist (starred review) “In The Truffle Underground, Ryan Jacobs presents a lively exposé of the truffle industry, reporting on the crimes that ‘haunt the whole supply chain.’ . . . Even if truffles are beyond your pay grade, there is plenty of enjoyment to be had in the sheer devilment portrayed in this informative and appetizing book.”—The Wall Street Journal “You’ll never look at truffle fries the same way after reading this book. . . . You can practically smell the soil as you follow truffle farmers and bandits through the groves and fields of France and Italy where the fungi are harvested and stolen.”—Outside, “Five Favorite Summer Reads” “[The] book is a rigorously reported, carefully written, endlessly interesting immersion in a high-stakes subculture.”—San Francisco Chronicle “Jacobs takes us on an eye-opening journey through the prized mushroom’s supply chain and the global black market for these tubers in this tale of theft, deceit, and high-stakes secrets.”—Real Simple
Publisher: Clarkson Potter
ISBN: 0451495691
Category : Cooking
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
“The ultimate truffle true crime tale”*: A thrilling journey through the hidden underworld of the world's most prized luxury ingredient. *Bianca Bosker, New York Times bestselling author of Cork Dork Beneath the gloss of star chefs and crystal-laden tables, the truffle supply chain is touched by theft, secrecy, sabotage, and fraud. Farmers patrol their fields with rifles and fear losing trade secrets to spies. Hunters plant poisoned meatballs to eliminate rival truffle-hunting dogs. Naive buyers and even knowledgeable experts are duped by liars and counterfeits. Deeply reported and elegantly written, this page-turning exposé documents the dark, sometimes deadly crimes at each level of the truffle’s path from ground to plate, making sense of an industry that traffics in scarcity, seduction, and cash. Through it all, a question lingers: What, other than money, draws people to these dirt-covered jewels? Praise for The Truffle Underground “Investigative journalist and first-time author Jacobs does a remarkable job reporting from the front lines of the truffle industry, bringing to vivid life French black-truffle farmers, Italian white-truffle foragers, and their marvelously well-trained dogs.”—Booklist (starred review) “In The Truffle Underground, Ryan Jacobs presents a lively exposé of the truffle industry, reporting on the crimes that ‘haunt the whole supply chain.’ . . . Even if truffles are beyond your pay grade, there is plenty of enjoyment to be had in the sheer devilment portrayed in this informative and appetizing book.”—The Wall Street Journal “You’ll never look at truffle fries the same way after reading this book. . . . You can practically smell the soil as you follow truffle farmers and bandits through the groves and fields of France and Italy where the fungi are harvested and stolen.”—Outside, “Five Favorite Summer Reads” “[The] book is a rigorously reported, carefully written, endlessly interesting immersion in a high-stakes subculture.”—San Francisco Chronicle “Jacobs takes us on an eye-opening journey through the prized mushroom’s supply chain and the global black market for these tubers in this tale of theft, deceit, and high-stakes secrets.”—Real Simple
Ritual Abuse and Mind Control
Author: Orit Badouk-Epstein
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429918704
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 139
Book Description
People who have survived ritual abuse or mind control experiments have often been silenced, accused of lying, mocked and disbelieved. Clinicians working with survivors often find themselves isolated, facing the same levels of disbelief and denial from other professionals within the mental health field. This report - based on proceedings from a conference on the subject - presents knowledge and experience from both clinicians and survivors to promote understanding and recovery from organized and ritual abuse, mind control and programming. The book combines clinical presentations, survivors' voices, and research material to help address the ways in which we can work clinically with mind control and cult programming from the perspective of relational psychotherapy.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429918704
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 139
Book Description
People who have survived ritual abuse or mind control experiments have often been silenced, accused of lying, mocked and disbelieved. Clinicians working with survivors often find themselves isolated, facing the same levels of disbelief and denial from other professionals within the mental health field. This report - based on proceedings from a conference on the subject - presents knowledge and experience from both clinicians and survivors to promote understanding and recovery from organized and ritual abuse, mind control and programming. The book combines clinical presentations, survivors' voices, and research material to help address the ways in which we can work clinically with mind control and cult programming from the perspective of relational psychotherapy.
The Neatest Little Guide to Stock Market Investing
Author: Jason Kelly
Publisher: Plume
ISBN: 9780452289215
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
Thoroughly revised for 2008, an insightful and informative guide for beginning investors provides detailed advice on how to make wise stock selections, decodes difficult expressions and terms used on the stock markets, and more, to alleviate the tension of making the right investments. Original.
Publisher: Plume
ISBN: 9780452289215
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
Thoroughly revised for 2008, an insightful and informative guide for beginning investors provides detailed advice on how to make wise stock selections, decodes difficult expressions and terms used on the stock markets, and more, to alleviate the tension of making the right investments. Original.