The Impact of an Exercise Intervention on Stereotypical Behaviors in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder PDF Download
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Author: Kirsten A. Nouzovsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physical education for children with disabilities
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of an exercise intervention in reducing stereotypical behaviors in a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A single subject A-B-A-B design with a repeating baseline was used for this investigation. The research design will be implemented to determine if an exercise program (i.e., cycling) impact the frequency of stereotypical behaviors demonstrated by a child with ASD. Results indicate that an exercise intervention has the potential to decrease stereotypical behaviors in a child with ASD. While stereotypical behaviors have always been shown to decrease immediately after physical exercise-based interventions (Kern et al., 1984; Powers et al., 1992; Reid et al., 1988), these behaviors seemed to gradually increase and return to baseline levels over a 40 min (Celiberti et al., 1997) to 90 min (Levinson & Reid, 1993) period of rest. Therefore, it is imperative that exercise interventions such as cycling be considered as an APE programming option so that more children with ASD are afforded the social and physiological health benefits provided by cycling. Interobserver agreement was not met in this study.
Author: Kirsten A. Nouzovsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physical education for children with disabilities
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of an exercise intervention in reducing stereotypical behaviors in a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A single subject A-B-A-B design with a repeating baseline was used for this investigation. The research design will be implemented to determine if an exercise program (i.e., cycling) impact the frequency of stereotypical behaviors demonstrated by a child with ASD. Results indicate that an exercise intervention has the potential to decrease stereotypical behaviors in a child with ASD. While stereotypical behaviors have always been shown to decrease immediately after physical exercise-based interventions (Kern et al., 1984; Powers et al., 1992; Reid et al., 1988), these behaviors seemed to gradually increase and return to baseline levels over a 40 min (Celiberti et al., 1997) to 90 min (Levinson & Reid, 1993) period of rest. Therefore, it is imperative that exercise interventions such as cycling be considered as an APE programming option so that more children with ASD are afforded the social and physiological health benefits provided by cycling. Interobserver agreement was not met in this study.
Author: Alyssa Coha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Behavior modification
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Exercise interventions are effective in reducing stereotypical behaviors in children with ASD, with high-intensity exercise enhancing the effects significantly (Teh et al., 2021). Neely et al. (2015) found a moderate-to-large effect of exercise on stereotypy and academic engagement; however, the intensity of exercise was only indirectly assessed using behavioral indicators of satiation (e.g., flushed face). It was hypothesized that Neely et al.'s (2015) protocol could be more consistently effective if the intensity was directly controlled and matched to what previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis had suggested as the most effective (Center for Disease Control and Prevention; CDC 2020, 64% - 76% of an individual's maximum heart rate). The present study systematically replicated Neely et al.'s (2015) study controlling the intensity of the exercise using a physiological measurement (heart rate) and examining its effects on stereotypic responses and academic engagement. Participants were two children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and evidence of stereotypy maintained by automatic reinforcement. Neely et al.'s (2015) design and conditions were replicated, namely, a multielement design with (a) no exercise (baseline), and (b) physical exercise until participants showed behavioral indicators of satiation. A third condition was introduced to test for controlling the intensity of the exercise using the heart rate measure. Percentage of intervals with stereotypic responses and academic engagement and heart rate were measured across conditions. Neely et al.'s main findings were reproduced, namely, antecedent exercise reduced stereotypic responses and increased academic engagement. Physiological measurement provided some evidence of a functional relationship between heart rate and stereotypic and academic engagement responses (as heart rate increased, stereotypic responses decreased while academic engagement increased). An effect size analysis (Tau-U index; Parker et al., 2011) was conducted to supplement visual analysis and allow for comparisons with previous research (meta-analyses and Neely et al.'s findings). The effect of exercise on stereotypy was large across conditions and participants. Effects on academic engagement varied between participants, with low-to-moderate effects for one participant and large effect for a second participant. Our findings overall confirm the effectiveness, reliability, and social validity of Neely et al.'s exercise intervention. However, adding a physiological measurement to control the intensity of exercise seems to produce a more robust and consistent effect, especially on stereotypy. The present modified version of Neely et al.'s intervention could be used to continue testing the effects of exercise on other behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (e.g., out of seat behavior, aggression, self-injurious behaviors; Wong et al. 2022).
Author: Travis Chong Ching Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The prevalence rate of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing. One of the main deficits among people diagnosed with ASD is the presence of stereotypy. More importantly, stereotypy are difficult to reduce because they are often maintained by automatic reinforcement and do not have clear antecedent or trigger to these behaviors. Most interventions that are often used to address stereotypy are consequence- and punishment-based interventions, such as response interruption and redirection and response blocking. Although these interventions are effective in reducing stereotypy, they are only implemented after the stereotypy are exhibited and practitioners need to be trained to implement these interventions. In addition, they may produce negative behavioral side effects, such as tantrum behaviors and aggression. Consequently, more research has been focusing on developing antecedent-based interventions on reducing stereotypic behaviors that would also prevent negative side effects. Recent research have indicated that antecedent physical exercise interventions can lead to significant reduction of stereotypy and also many other positive collateral effects, such as increased level of academic engagement. However, various types of exercises have been incorporated in previous research and there is not enough evidence to suggest which type of physical exercise interventions or specific intervention parameters yield the largest reduction in stereotypy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of varying antecedent exercise intensities and examine whether exercise intervention with higher intensity are more effective in reducing stereotypic behaviors than lower intensity exercise intervention. In addition, this study examined participants’ subsequent task engagement or functional play as collateral effects. Results indicated that children with ASD who engage in stereotypy can benefit from antecedent exercise regardless of the exercise intensity. However, the findings suggested that higher intensity antecedent exercise led to lower levels of subsequent stereotypy and higher levels of other adaptive behaviors when compared to lower intensity antecedent exercise. Potential implications and recommendations for practitioners working with children with ASD who engage in stereotypy are provided, in addition to possible areas of future research
Author: Fred R. Volkmar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 1493905066
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
The research on children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is extensive and growing. Although these conditions are recognized as affecting the entire lifespan, the literature on ASD after childhood is limited and has not been brought together in a single volume in over a decade. Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders fills this knowledge gap by focusing on needs and difficulties unique to these stages of development. Expert contributors offer cogent reviews of complex issues, from education to employment, leisure activities to illegal behaviors, mental health issues to medical health concerns. The latest findings in key areas, such as psychosocial and residential treatments, social skills programs, epidemiology, the impact of ASD on families, are examined in detail. Throughout the volume, coverage focuses on areas requiring improved models of assessment, updated data, new interventions and increased support services. Featured topics include: Transition from high school to adulthood for adolescents and young adults with ASD. Innovative programming to support college students with ASD. Romantic relationships, sexuality and ASD. Treatment of mental health comorbidities. Assessment and treatment planning in adults with ASD. The range of outcomes and challenges in middle and later life. Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders is a must-have reference for a wide range of clinicians and practitioners – as well as researchers and graduate students – in clinical child, school and developmental psychology; child and adolescent psychiatry; social work; rehabilitation medicine/therapy; education and general practice/family medicine. It will also serve as an important resource for parents and caregivers with its focus on translating the current state of knowledge relevant to understanding adolescents and adults with ASD into practical and relevant recommendations on how best to support them.
Author: Giacomo Vivanti
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030411605
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
This book examines early interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with the goal to enable primary care physicians as well as other clinicians, therapists, and practitioners to assist parents in making informed decisions based on current research. It provides a map for successfully navigating the maze of early interventions for ASD, focusing on evidence. Chapters review the similarities and differences between current evidence-based treatments, how these treatments work, the factors that facilitate their effectiveness, and the pros and cons of their use for different children and different needs. In addition, chapters discuss the services, laws, policies, and societal issues related to early intervention in ASD. Featured topics include: Criteria to evaluate evidence in ASD interventions. Effective approaches for Social communication difficulties in ASD. Effective approaches for Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in ASD. Naturalistic, developmental approaches to early intervention for children with ASD The TEACCH approach and other visually based approaches for children with ASD. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) approaches to early intervention for children with ASD. What works for whom in ASD early intervention Clinical Guide to Early Interventions for Children with Autism is an essential resource for clinicians, primary care providers, and other practitioners as well as researchers, professors, and graduate students in the fields of child, school, and developmental psychology, pediatrics, social work, child and adolescent psychiatry, primary care medicine, and related disciplines.
Author: Delaney K. Cole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that aerobic exercise activities can have on various stereotypical behaviors found in children on the autism spectrum. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong, developmental disability that can impact how an individual communicates, behaves, as well as moves. Physical activity has long been implemented in the treatment plans of children with diagnoses along the autism spectrum; However, specific data relating to the impact of aerobic activity is quite scattered. Aerobic activities require the body to be able to take oxygen from the air around it and circulate it through the blood as a form of energy production and can include exercises of low to high intensity. This strain on the cardiovascular system then stimulates behaviors for a child with ASD. By using systematic literature review methodology this study discusses the benefits that aerobic activities, in particular, can have on the many stereotypical behaviors found in children on the autism spectrum including, irregular sleep patterns, shortened attention spans, repetitive movements, as well as overall wellness and the health improvements that arise as a result of this physical activity. Results from this review indicate that there is a positive correlation between increased aerobic activities and a decline in stereotypical behavior in children on the autism spectrum, however, the long-term effects of this practice are not discussed in this literature review.
Author: Suzanne Tink Martin
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323661769
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
- UPDATED! Best evidence for interventions; clear, concise tables; graphics and pictures; and current literature engage you in the spectrum of neurologic conditions and interventions. - NEW! Autism Spectrum Disorder chapter covers clinical features, diagnosis, and intervention, with a special focus on using play and aquatics, to support the integral role of physical therapy in working with children and families with autism. - NEW! Common threads throughout the Children section focus on motor competence as a driving force in a child's cognitive and language development and highlight how meaningful, fun activities with family and friends encourage children with disabilities to participate. - UPDATED! Neuroanatomy chapter provides a more comprehensive review on nervous system structures and their contributions to patient function and recovery after an injury or neurologic condition. - UPDATED! Adult chapters feature updated information on medical and pharmacological management. - NEW! The Core Set of Outcome Measures for Adults with Neurologic Conditions assists you in measuring common outcomes in the examination and evaluation of patients. - NEW! Emphasis on the evidence for locomotor training, dual-task training, and high intensity gait training are included in the intervention sections.
Author: Jihyun Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
Abstract: This study examined the effects of two types of physical activities (locomotor [LC] and object manipulation activity [OM]) on stereotypic behaviors (SBs) as well as on-task behaviors in three preschoolers with an ASD. A preference assessment and functional analysis were conducted prior to the intervention. Using a multielement design with a three-component test sequence approach (Morrison, Roscoe, & Atwell, 2011), SBs, on-task behaviors as well as heart rates were measured in three consecutive 5-minute phases: pre-physical activity (Pre-PA), physical activity (PA), and post-physical activity (Post-PA). Results showed that SBs in two of the three participants were immediately decreased in PA LC. All participants engaged in fewer SBs in Post-PA LC compared to Pre-PA LC. LC positively influenced both vocal and motor SBs. In contrast to LC, increased SBs were found in two of the three participants in PA OM and in all participants in Post-PA OM. Heart rate results indicated that all participants experienced more vigorous physical activity during LC than OM. An inverse relationship was found between SBs and on-task behaviors in two of the three participants. LC activity was considered effective in decreasing SBs and increasing on-task behaviors. Results provided implications for future research relative to physical activity and changes in SBs in young children with ASDs.
Author: Joana M. Gaspar
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889741168
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
Author: Susan Crawford
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 1784507164
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
This innovative manual sets out advice on fundamental movement skill acquisition (FMS) and its benefits for improving physical, verbal and social skills for people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Improving FMS can help prevent long term health issues, and increase opportunities for social engagement and independence. The book explores the basic skills of movement (running, catching, throwing, and balance) and how to observe, teach and assess FMS in children and adults with ASD. There are sections on how to develop and implement a programme for individuals to guide their personal development, and information on planning and tools for assessment are included. A much needed guide on how to combat impairment of FMS, the book also highlights the numerous benefits of such an approach in relation to behaviour, lifestyle, health and education.
