The Effects of Self-disclosure and Therapist/client-gender Dyads on the Perceived Working Alliance PDF Download
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Languages : en
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This study examined the effects of types of therapist disclosure and their interaction with various combinations of observer, therapist, and client gender-dyads on observer ratings of the working alliance. Participants were 357 undergraduate students (60.2% women) from two Midwestern universities who were randomly assigned to one of 12 conditions. Each condition required students to read one of 12 printed scenarios differentiated by all possible combinations of three types of therapist self-disclosure (similar, dissimilar, no disclosure), two levels of therapist gender, and two levels of client gender. Students rated the scenarios on the perceived working alliance between the therapist and the client, using the 36-item Working Alliance Inventory-Observer (WAI-O). A 2 (student sex) x 2 (therapist sex) x 2 (client sex) x 3 (disclosure type) ANOVA revealed no significant effects on the WAI-O total scale score. In addition, no main effects or interactions were found on WAI-O total scale when male and female student scores were pooled. A 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 MANOVA performed on the WAI-O subscales indicated female observers perceived a stronger client-therapist bond for similar than dissimilar disclosures with male clients. Female observers rated male clients with a stronger bond than female clients, but only in the similar disclosure condition. A main effect was also found for observer sex on the Task and Bond subscales. Although this study did not find gender of the observer, type of therapist disclosure, and the gender of the therapist and their client to influence overall working alliance ratings, results suggest that these factors have an impact on female observer ratings of the bond and task agreement between the therapist and their client. Specifically, two findings emerged: (a) women, not men, observed a stronger bond for male client recipients of similar versus dissimilar disclosure; (b) women, not men observed a stronger bond for male client versus female recipients of a therapist's similar disclosure. Results are discussed in terms of disclosure and gender research.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This study examined the effects of types of therapist disclosure and their interaction with various combinations of observer, therapist, and client gender-dyads on observer ratings of the working alliance. Participants were 357 undergraduate students (60.2% women) from two Midwestern universities who were randomly assigned to one of 12 conditions. Each condition required students to read one of 12 printed scenarios differentiated by all possible combinations of three types of therapist self-disclosure (similar, dissimilar, no disclosure), two levels of therapist gender, and two levels of client gender. Students rated the scenarios on the perceived working alliance between the therapist and the client, using the 36-item Working Alliance Inventory-Observer (WAI-O). A 2 (student sex) x 2 (therapist sex) x 2 (client sex) x 3 (disclosure type) ANOVA revealed no significant effects on the WAI-O total scale score. In addition, no main effects or interactions were found on WAI-O total scale when male and female student scores were pooled. A 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 MANOVA performed on the WAI-O subscales indicated female observers perceived a stronger client-therapist bond for similar than dissimilar disclosures with male clients. Female observers rated male clients with a stronger bond than female clients, but only in the similar disclosure condition. A main effect was also found for observer sex on the Task and Bond subscales. Although this study did not find gender of the observer, type of therapist disclosure, and the gender of the therapist and their client to influence overall working alliance ratings, results suggest that these factors have an impact on female observer ratings of the bond and task agreement between the therapist and their client. Specifically, two findings emerged: (a) women, not men, observed a stronger bond for male client recipients of similar versus dissimilar disclosure; (b) women, not men observed a stronger bond for male client versus female recipients of a therapist's similar disclosure. Results are discussed in terms of disclosure and gender research.
Author: Tracey A. Fatzinger
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 700
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Author: Sean Cameron Morrison
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Jennifer Rae Henretty
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Languages : en
Pages :
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In an attempt to make sense of contradictory findings, meta-analysis was employed to examine the experimental research of therapist self-disclosure (TSD). Sixty studies were coded for six analyses--TSD vs. no-disclosure control, intra-therapy vs. extra-therapy TSD, similar vs. dissimilar TSD, positive vs. negative TSD, female vs. male participant receiving TSD, and female vs. male therapist disclosing. TSD was found to have a slight favorable overall impact on participants. Specifically, TSD had a slight to small impact favorable impact on participants' perception of the therapist, including that of the therapist's professional attractiveness; level of regard for, and similarity to, the client; and personal attributes. Additionally, participants rated themselves as slightly more willing to disclose to a disclosing therapist. Compared to extra-therapy TSD, intra-therapy TSD was found to have a slight to small favorable impact on participants' perception of the therapist; specifically, on the perception of the therapist's trustworthiness, expertness, and professional attractiveness. Compared to TSD that expressed dissimilarity to the client, similar TSD was found to have a small to robust favorable impact on participants' perception of the therapist, including perceptions of the therapist as a good therapist, of the therapist's level of regard for the client, and of the therapist's empathy, congruence, unconditionality, professional attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertness. Additionally, participants who received similar TSD were found to have a higher level of allegiance to the therapist and were more willing to return to the same or a similar therapist. Findings were mixed for positive vs. negative TSD, with positive TSD showing a small favorable impact on participants' perception of the therapist's trustworthiness and on therapy outcome, and negative TSD showing a robust favorable impact on participants' perception of the therapist's level of regard for the client. Gender--both of the participant and of the therapist--was not found to be related to the impact of TSD. Clinical implications include that TSD, generally, may be beneficial for building rapport and strengthening alliance, for modeling, and for eliciting client disclosure, and that intra-therapy TSD and TSD that expresses similarity to the client may be especially beneficial. Implications for future research are discussed.
Author: Sarah Knox
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Author: Janice Quintal
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ISBN:
Category : Self-disclosure
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Author: Dailey Pattee
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ISBN:
Category : Gender identity disorders
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Author: Cynthia Piedimonte
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Category : Counselor and client
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Author: Colin Lago
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN: 0335238513
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
"With its diversity throughout including almost 40 authors from different therapeutic modalities, continents and professional fields the book indeed is both an ‘invitation and challenge’ and a means ‘to aid transcultural therapists in conducting their work in a sensitive and informed manner’. It brings to mind a colourful and well stocked market comprising two parts. The first provides nourishing food for practitioners such as contributions to theory, use of interpreters, training, supervision, research and case studies. The second offers an outstanding exploration of the impact of different cultural backgrounds orchestrated by the editor, whose compilation from a UK perspective might be a useful example for other cultural and language areas. The involved reader will be delighted to have this inspiring handbook to hand." Gerhard Stumm, Ph.D., psychotherapy trainer, Vienna "Therapists pride themselves on cherishing the uniqueness of every client. This book offers a powerful challenge for it plainly demonstrates that a commitment to honouring uniqueness cannot be divorced from a sensitivity to the cultural, racial, spiritual and ethnic differences that clients present in an increasingly multicultural society. Here is an impressive compendium that illuminates the many clinical, training, relational and supervisory issues involved together with the widest range of contributions from diverse cultures that I have ever encountered in one volume. Colin Lago is to be congratulated on editing an invaluable resource which is both stimulating and disturbing in its implications." Brian Thorne, Emeritus Professor of Counselling, University of East Anglia and Co-founder of The Norwich Centre This fascinating book examines recent critical thinking and contemporary research findings in the field of transcultural counselling and psychotherapy. It also explores the effects of different cultural heritages upon potential clients and therapists. The first part of the book reflects the curriculum, context and content of counselling and psychotherapy training courses, with regards to sensitivity to diversity. It covers key issues such as: Implications of identity development for therapeutic work Ethnic matching of clients and therapists Working with interpreters and bi-cultural workers Overcoming racism, discrimination and oppression within the counselling process An overview of current research within this field In the second part, the authors give personal accounts that explore the impact of cultural heritage on people who have moved from their countries of origin to ‘Western’ countries,, such as the UK or the USA. The Handbook of Transcultural Counselling and Psychotherapy will be of immense value to a wide range of readers, including counselling and therapy practitioners, supervisors, trainees, agency managers and colleagues in other therapy-related services. Contributors: Aileen Alleyne, Alison Barty, Anita Chakraborty, Divine Charura, Riccardo Draghi-Lorenz, Patricia Eschoe, Farkhondeh Farsimadan, Tiane Corso Graziottin, Delroy Hall, Fiona Hall, Addila Khan, Indu Khurana, Colin Lago, Courtland C. Lee, Yair Maman, Susan McGinnis, Isha Mckenzie-Mavinga, Roy Moodley, Renate Motschnig, Sheila Mudadi-Billings, GoEun Na, Seamus Nash, Bernie Neville, Yuko Nippoda, Ladislav Nykl, Simon du Plock, Judy Ryde, Antony Sigalas, Harbrinder Dhillon Stevens, Patsy Sutherland, Rachel Tribe, Andrea Uphoff, Valerie Watson, Tony Wright, Jin Wu and Neelam Zahid.
