The Control of Hydrolysis in Eliminating FFA from Acidic Oils Using CAL-B Lipase Supported on a 2D/3D Nanocatalyst and in a Membrane Reactor PDF Download
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Author: Jiarong Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Biodiesel is the most successful drop-in biofuel used in transportation. It can reduce GHG emissions in transportation by 50 to 90% depending on the type of feedstock used. Waste cooking oils and fats containing free fatty acids (FFA) are less expensive feedstocks for biodiesel production than refined vegetable oils. The major issue that limits the use of these oils as feedstock is the interference of FFAs with widely used base catalyzed reaction processes. The FFAs consume base catalyst, produce water of neutralization and form soaps that create emulsions downstream in the process reducing process yields. There is an important need to develop technologies that reduce the FFA content in these oils to below 0.5 wt%; the accepted limit for a feedstock to be processed by the base catalysed reaction. Enzymes are an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst for FFA esterification. However, they are prone to deactivation with methanol and also catalyze the hydrolysis of esters and triglycerides to FFA. Using them to pre-treat oils and fats remains a challenge: in the presence of water, enzymes can readily produce FFAs from lipids. The objective of this work was to investigate two enzymatic processes to pre-treat acidic oil below the FFA requirement of 0.5 wt%. In this study, two different continuous systems, a packed bed reactor (PBR) and membrane reactor (MR) were used in FFA enzymatic esterification to meet the 0.5 wt% requirement, improve the reusability of enzymes and reduce catalyst cost. The esterification in the PBR was carried out using CALB immobilized on a new 2D/3D nanoplatelet support (TAN). The enzyme was covalently bonded to the TAN using a hydrophobic epoxy ligand. Acidic oil containing canola oil and 2.5 wt% FFA was used as the feedstock for the esterification. It was found that the FFA concentration met the quality specification of
Author: Jiarong Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Biodiesel is the most successful drop-in biofuel used in transportation. It can reduce GHG emissions in transportation by 50 to 90% depending on the type of feedstock used. Waste cooking oils and fats containing free fatty acids (FFA) are less expensive feedstocks for biodiesel production than refined vegetable oils. The major issue that limits the use of these oils as feedstock is the interference of FFAs with widely used base catalyzed reaction processes. The FFAs consume base catalyst, produce water of neutralization and form soaps that create emulsions downstream in the process reducing process yields. There is an important need to develop technologies that reduce the FFA content in these oils to below 0.5 wt%; the accepted limit for a feedstock to be processed by the base catalysed reaction. Enzymes are an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst for FFA esterification. However, they are prone to deactivation with methanol and also catalyze the hydrolysis of esters and triglycerides to FFA. Using them to pre-treat oils and fats remains a challenge: in the presence of water, enzymes can readily produce FFAs from lipids. The objective of this work was to investigate two enzymatic processes to pre-treat acidic oil below the FFA requirement of 0.5 wt%. In this study, two different continuous systems, a packed bed reactor (PBR) and membrane reactor (MR) were used in FFA enzymatic esterification to meet the 0.5 wt% requirement, improve the reusability of enzymes and reduce catalyst cost. The esterification in the PBR was carried out using CALB immobilized on a new 2D/3D nanoplatelet support (TAN). The enzyme was covalently bonded to the TAN using a hydrophobic epoxy ligand. Acidic oil containing canola oil and 2.5 wt% FFA was used as the feedstock for the esterification. It was found that the FFA concentration met the quality specification of
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adsorption
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Author: Manish Srivastava
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811393338
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
As renewable energy sources, biofuels have tremendous potential to replace fossil fuels in future energy scenarios, offering green alternative energy sources. However, though such fuels could mean a significant reduction in environmental pollution, they are still far from practical implementation due to their high production costs and technical issues. Consequently, efforts are being made around the globe to achieve the cost-effective production of biofuels. In this context, the use of nanomaterials to improve biofuels production efficiency is a vital, emerging area. Nanomaterials are attracting attention due to their versatile physicochemical properties and may improve the production process for various biofuels by acting as catalysts. However, this area is still in its infancy. To improve the practical viability of the biofuels production process, it is essential to focus on the specific type of nanomaterial used, its synthesis, and its specific effects on the process parameters. This book explores the potential advantages and feasibility of various aspects of nanomaterials with regard to improving the current biofuels production process, making it a valuable resource for a broad readership.
Author: Md Amin Hashim
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9812875050
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 403
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Book Description
This book includes selected papers from the ICGSCE 2014 with focus on the current trends of global resources used to meet the growing demands to improve life style coupled with environmental and social problems related to the resource consumption with emphasize to move towards sustainable development. It provides a platform for scientists and academicians from local and international universities and industries to promote, share and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of Chemical Engineering with respect to global sustainability. Under the sustainability umbrella the topics covered are; alternative energy sources, alternative feedstock for energy and chemicals, alternative raw materials for household commodity, green process with minimal environmental impact, process intensification, waste minimization, recycling of wastes and providing quality water, food and medicines. Other topics covered include: 1. Oil and gas, Biofuel, Fuel cell, Renewable energy 2. Green technology, Sustainability, Environmental, Carbon sequestration, Carbon footprint, Natural resources 3. Chemical processes, Separation technology, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Food technology, Particle technology, Corrosion, Pharmaceutical, Phytochemical, Oleochemical 4. Process modeling, Process Simulation, Process control 5. Advanced material, Polymer, Catalyst, Enzyme 6. Policy, Regulations, Strategy and implementation, Safety, Management of science, Engineering education 7. Process Safety and Loss Prevention, Environmental and chemical risk assessment, Transportation risk analysis, Inherent safety.
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030422844
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 604
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Book Description
Urbanization, industrialization, and unethical agricultural practices have considerably negative effects on the environment, flora, fauna, and the health and safety of humanity. Over the last decade, green chemistry research has focused on discovering and utilizing safer, more environmentally friendly processes to synthesize products like organic compounds, inorganic compounds, medicines, proteins, enzymes, and food supplements. These green processes exist in other interdisciplinary fields of science and technology, like chemistry, physics, biology, and biotechnology, Still the majority of processes in these fields use and generate toxic raw materials, resulting in techniques and byproducts which damage the environment. Green chemistry principles, alternatively, consider preventing waste generation altogether, the atom economy, using less toxic raw materials and solvents, and opting for reducing environmentally damaging byproducts through energy efficiency. Green chemistry is, therefore, the most important field relating to the sustainable development of resources without harmfully impacting the environment. This book provides in-depth research on the use of green chemistry principles for a number of applications.
Author: Jeyabalan Sangeetha
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1771883634
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
With focus on the practical use of modern biotechnology for environmental sustainability, this book provides a thoughtful overview of molecular aspects of environmental studies to create a new awareness of fundamental biological processes and sustainable ecological concerns. It covers the latest research by prominent scientists in modern biology and delineates recent and prospective applications in the sub-areas of environmental biotechnology with special focus on the biodegradation of toxic pollutants, bioremediation of contaminated environments, and bioconversion of organic wastes toward a green economy and sustainable future.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780851865683
Category : Adsorption
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Author: Marcello Locatelli
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303921084X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
The present Special Issue, “Innovative Extraction Techniques and Hyphenated Instrument Configuration for Complex Matrices Analysis”, aims to collect and to disseminate some of the most significant and recent contributions in the interdisciplinary area of innovative extraction procedures from complex matrices followed by validated analytical methods using hyphenated instrument configurations to support the optimization of the whole process and the scale-up possibility
Author: Yi-Fang Chu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470958782
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Coffee: Emerging Health Benefits and Disease Prevention presents a comprehensive overview of the recent scientific advances in the field. The book focuses on the following topics: coffee constituents; pro- and antioxidant properties of coffee constituents; bioavailability of coffee constituents; health benefits and disease prevention effects of coffee; and potential negative impacts on health. Multiple chapters describe coffee's positive impact on health and various diseases: type 2 diabetes; neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's); cancer (prostate, bladder, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, colon and colorectal); cardiovascular health; and liver health. Coffee's positive effects on mood, suicide rate and cognitive performance are addressed as are the negative health impacts of coffee on pregnancy, insulin sensitivity, dehydration, gastric irritation, anxiety, and withdrawal syndrome issues. Written by many of the top researchers in the world, Coffee: Emerging Health Benefits and Disease Prevention is a must-have reference for food professionals in academia, industry, and governmental and regulatory agencies whose work involves coffee.
Author: Sudhakar Srivastava
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030207323
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Metal toxicity and deficiency are both common abiotic problems faced by plants. While metal contamination around the world is a critical issue, the bioavailability of some essential metals like zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) can be seriously low in other locations. The list of metals spread in high concentrations in soil, water and air includes several toxic as well as essential elements, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), and selenium (Se). The problems for some metals are geographically confined, while for others, they are widespread. For instance, arsenic is an important toxic metalloid whose contamination in Southeast Asia and other parts of world is well documented. Its threats to human health via food consumption have generated immense interest in understanding plants’ responses to arsenic stress. Metals constitute crucial components of key enzymes and proteins in plants. They are important for the proper growth and development of plants. In turn, plants serve as sources of essential elements for humans and animals. Studies of their physiological effects on plants metabolism have led to the identification of crucial genes and proteins controlling metal uptake and transport, as well as the sensing and signaling of metal stresses. Plant-Metal Interactions sheds light on the latest development and research in analytical biology with respect to plant physiology. More importantly, it showcases the positive and negative impacts of metals on crop plants growth and productivity.
