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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1380
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1380
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Book Description
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
Evaluates evidence for an increased risk of cancer in women using combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives, post-menopausal estrogen therapy, and post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy. Although the carcinogenicity of these preparations has been extensively investigated, the book stresses the many complex methodological issues that must be considered when interpreting findings and weighing results. Evidence of an association between use of these preparations and positive effects on health, including a reduced risk of some cancers, is also critically assessed. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates evidence of an association between the use of combined oral contraceptives and cancer at nine sites. Concerning breast cancer, the evaluation concludes that, even if the association is causal, the excess risk for breast cancer associated with patterns of use that are typical today is very small. Studies of predominantly high-dose preparations found an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of hepatitis viruses. Citing these findings, the evaluation concludes that there is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of combined oral contraceptives. The evaluation also found sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of some, but not all, combined preparations in animals. Combined oral contraceptives were classified as carcinogenic to humans. The evaluation also cites conclusive evidence that these agents have a protective effect against cancers of the ovary and endometrium. Progestogen-only contraceptives are evaluated in the second monograph, which considers the association with cancer at six sites. The evaluation found no evidence of an increased risk for breast cancer. Although the evaluation found sufficient evidence in animals for the carcinogenicity of medroxyprogesterone acetate, evidence for the carcinogenicity of progestogen-only contraceptives in humans was judged inadequate. Progestogen-only contraceptives were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The third monograph, on post-menopausal estrogen therapy, considers evidence of an association with cancer at eight sites. Findings from a large number of epidemiological studies indicate a small increase in the risk of breast cancer in women who have used these preparations for five years or more. Studies consistently show an association between use of post-menopausal estrogen therapy and an increased risk for endometrial cancer. Data on the association with other cancers were either inconclusive or suggested no effect on risk. The evaluation concludes that post-menopausal estrogen therapy is carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph evaluates the association between the use of post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy and cancer at four sites. The evaluation of limited data on breast cancer found an increased relative risk observed with long-term use. Data were judged insufficient to assess the effects of past use and of different progestogen compounds, doses, and treatment schedules. For endometrial cancer, the evaluation found an increase in risk relative to non-users when the progestogen was added to the cycle for 10 days or fewer. Post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Concerning post-menopausal therapy in general, the book notes that evidence of carcinogenic risks must be placed in perspective of potential benefits. The prevention of osteoporotic fractures is cited as the best-established benefit. Evidence also suggests that estrogen prevents heart disease and may prevent memory loss and dementia.
Author: Rodney D. Geisert
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319158562
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
Over the past few decades technological advances in transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics along with the ability to selectively knockout genes of interest has greatly advanced our understanding of maternal-conceptus interactions that are essential for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy. This knowledge provides a foundation from which to build research endeavors to help resolve infertility, embryonic loss and recurrent abortion in humans, captive wild animals and important farm species. The present volume on “Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals” brings together current reviews from leading experts to address the diversity of mechanisms by which species establish and maintain pregnancy. Implantation in rodents, dogs, pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, primates, humans and embryonic diapause in wild species are discussed. Reviews will provide current knowledge on the role of endometrial steroid receptors, adhesion factors, cytokines, interferons, steroids, prostaglandins, growth factors and immune cells involved with regulation of conceptus development.
Author: Geoffrey Herbert Arthur
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
The oestrous cycle and its controls, The development of the conceptus, Pregnancy and its detection in the mare, Pregnancy and its detection in the cow, Pregnancy diagnosis in the sow, ewe and bitch, Anormalies of development of the conceptus, Prolapse of the vagina, Parturition, The care of parturient animals and the newborn:the puerperium, Dytocia:general considerations, Maternal dystocia, Fetal dystocia:aetiology and incidence, The approach to an obstetrical case, Manipulative delivery per vaginam:farm animals and the bitch, Dystocia due to fetal oversize, Dystocia due to defects of position or presentation, Dystocia due to twins or monstrosities, Injuries and diseases incidental to parturition, The caesarean operation, Caesarean operations in the bitch and cat, Retention of the fetal membranes, Postparturient prolapse of the uterus, Infertility in the cow:general, anatomical and functional, Infectious forms of infertility in cattle, The veterinary control of herd infertility, Sheep infertility, Infertility in the mare, Swine infertility, Infertility in the bitch and cat, The normal sexual apparatus of male animals, Reproductive abnormalities of male animals, Artificial insemination.
Author: Patrick W. Concannon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780906545379
Category : Animals
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
This volume includes over 60 reports on topics ranging from clinical management of natural breeding to embryo culture and efforts to clone dogs; from monitoring of pregnancy and parturition of domestic species to pregnancy termination and nonsurgical contraception in exotics; from the normal physiology of the reproductive tract to the diagnosis and treatment of reproductive tract disease; and from practical aspects of evaluating and inseminating fresh semen to new technologies for evaluation of cryopreserved spermatozoa. These new research results and informative reviews will provide valuable reading for clinicians, breeders and researchers working with dogs, cats or exotic carnivores.
Author: Mark McEntee
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323138047
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
This book evolved from a series of lectures and laboratories given by Dr. Kenneth McEntee to students at Cornell University, the University of Illinois, and Tufts University and is based on tissues from over 20,000 cases of reproductive disease in the International Registry of Reproductive Pathology, founded by Dr. McEntee. Dr. McEntee brings into sharp focus what is known of reproductive pathology in North America and abroad. His book will be an invaluable text and reference for those working on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of reproductive failures of all kinds. - The only comprehensive text on reproductive pathology of domestic mammals - Based on pathologic examination of more than 20,000 cases of reproductive disease - Covers clinical aspects of disease and associated lesions - Extensive reference list includes citations in twelve languages
Author: Rina Meidan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319432389
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
This book describes the life cycle of a unique endocrine gland that is absolutely essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in all mammalian species. The corpus luteum is unique because it is formed and destroyed every (non-fertile) reproductive cycle. When fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is rescued or maintained. The processes that control corpus luteum formation, demise (luteolysis), or maintenance are just beginning to be unraveled in recent years; they involve diverse cell types and mechanisms. Some of these processes resemble tumor development—angiogenesis, for instance—but interestingly enough, this resemblance is only up to a point. The corpus luteum uses mechanisms that allow its normal, physiological growth and disappearance. Pulling together key research on the corpus luteum, this volume is of interest to both reproductive endocrinologists and comparative physiologists, with clinical relevance spanning comparative animal studies to women's health.
Author: Jan Tesarik
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889665550
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Author: National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1224
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Book Description
Author: Gary England
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118414357
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
A practical and up-to-date guide to canine reproduction for dog breeders, veterinary students and veterinary surgeons. Written in an easy-to-use style and presented in a practically useful format with clear illustrations. The information is supported by references from the author’s published work and his wealth of clinical experience to form the important authoritative text in this field. A vital aid to those seeking an understanding of normal and abnormal reproduction as well as common reproductive techniques.
