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Author: Elke Diedrichsen
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527540421
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
This book is an exploration of the dimensions of meaning in language from several important perspectives that are of major interest to scholars today, bringing together studies from the realms of linguistic pragmatics, semantics, ontological knowledge engineering, and computational linguistics. Situated within modern functional-cognitive constructional-ontological and computational paradigms, the analyses here are supported by authentic language data, including corpus data, from a rich set of languages. Context and situation play an important but complex role in meaning elaboration. The role of context and situation is elusive and has proved difficult to elucidate with respect to meaning and knowledge representation. This volume provides evidence of the nature of the, often rapid, emergence of meaning in the digital world of the internet, social media, and Internet memes. The use of computational avatars and the rise of human language technologies, including big data and digital corpora, have made the construction of meaning and human language understanding essential to the work of linguists, cognitive scientists and computer scientists who are increasingly working together in collaborative teams to share insights.
Author: Shulamith Kreitler
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781685072216
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book includes a comprehensive investigation of the concept of meaning, focusing on its structure, function, and materials. In terms of structure, it is proposed that meaning is a unit which consists of two components: the carrier of meaning, called referent, to which meaning is assigned, and the meaning assigned to the referent, called meaning value. In terms of function, meaning is designed to identify inputs from outside and inside the organism, so as to enable responding to them in forms adequate for the psychological system. Otherwise expressed, meaning turns stimuli into potential triggers of reactions on all psychological levels. In terms of materials, meaning consists of cognitions, which are neither expected to be logical or rational nor are necessarily subjected to awareness, voluntary control or verbal expression. So, in practice, meaning consists of cognitive units, which are characterised in terms of referents and meaning values, forming sequences and networks, providing identification of stimuli and potentialities for grasping reality, reacting to it and transforming it. This book is a culmination of the author's decades of academic experience in pursuit of an understanding of meaning. In this book's thirteen chapters, meaning is explored through a variety of perspectives, including those drawn from evolutionary psychology, linguistics, cognition, personality, and other fields. Also, exercises are included that provide tasks designed to allow readers to familiarise themselves with the system of meaning elucidated in the book.
Author: Elke Diedrichsen
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527540421
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 407
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is an exploration of the dimensions of meaning in language from several important perspectives that are of major interest to scholars today, bringing together studies from the realms of linguistic pragmatics, semantics, ontological knowledge engineering, and computational linguistics. Situated within modern functional-cognitive constructional-ontological and computational paradigms, the analyses here are supported by authentic language data, including corpus data, from a rich set of languages. Context and situation play an important but complex role in meaning elaboration. The role of context and situation is elusive and has proved difficult to elucidate with respect to meaning and knowledge representation. This volume provides evidence of the nature of the, often rapid, emergence of meaning in the digital world of the internet, social media, and Internet memes. The use of computational avatars and the rise of human language technologies, including big data and digital corpora, have made the construction of meaning and human language understanding essential to the work of linguists, cognitive scientists and computer scientists who are increasingly working together in collaborative teams to share insights.
Author: Günter Radden
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027292558
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Meaning does not reside in linguistic units but is constructed in the minds of the language users. Meaning construction is an on-line mental activity whereby speech participants create meanings on the basis of underspecified linguistic units. The construction of meaning is guided by cognitive principles. The contributions collected in the volume focus on two types of cognitive principles guiding meaning construction: meaning construction by means of metonymy and metaphor, and meaning construction by means of mental spaces and conceptual blending. The papers in the former group survey experiential evidence of figurative meaning construction and discuss high-level metaphor and metonymy, the role of metonymy in discourse, the chaining of metonymies, metonymy as an alternative to coercion, and metaphtonymic meanings of proper names. The papers in the latter group address the issues of meaning construction prompted by personal pronouns, relative clauses, inferential constructions, “sort-of” expressions, questions, and the into-causative construction.
Author: Gilles Fauconnier
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004360719
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Book Description
As we think and talk, rich arrays of mental spaces and connections between them are constructed unconsciously. Conceptual integration of mental spaces leads to new meaning, global insight, and compressions useful for memory and creativity. A powerful aspect of conceptual integration networks is the dynamic emergence of novel structure in all areas of human life (science, religion, art, ...). The emergence of complex metaphors creates our conceptualization of time. The same operations play a role in material culture generally. Technology evolves to produce cultural human artefacts such as watches, gauges, compasses, airplane cockpit displays, with structure specifically designed to match conceptual inputs and integrate with them into stable blended frames of perception and action that can be memorized, learned by new generations, and thus culturally transmitted.
Author: Linda Flower
Publisher: SIU Press
ISBN: 9780809319008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Flowers describes how writers construct meaning and examines "negotiation" as an alternative to the metaphors of "reproduction" and "conversation" in describing the writing process. She supports her argument by reviewing an emerging body of social and cognitive research in the area. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Peter L. Berger
Publisher: Open Road Media
ISBN: 1453215468
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
A watershed event in the field of sociology, this text introduced “a major breakthrough in the sociology of knowledge and sociological theory generally” (George Simpson, American Sociological Review). In this seminal book, Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann examine how knowledge forms and how it is preserved and altered within a society. Unlike earlier theorists and philosophers, Berger and Luckmann go beyond intellectual history and focus on commonsense, everyday knowledge—the proverbs, morals, values, and beliefs shared among ordinary people. When first published in 1966, this systematic, theoretical treatise introduced the term social construction,effectively creating a new thought and transforming Western philosophy.
Author: Martin Hilpert
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
ISBN: 0748675868
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Construction Grammar explains how knowledge of language is organized in speakers' minds. The central and radical claim of Construction Grammar is that linguistic knowledge can be fully described as knowledge of constructions, which are defined as symbolic units that connect a linguistic form with meaning.
Author: Valérie Cohen-Scali
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319614762
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
In industrialized societies, individuals are facing major challenges that mobilize many of their psychological and social resources. The world of work is changing constantly. Adults have to adapt their technical skills and knowledge continuously. For teenagers and young adults, choosing a vocation and constructing their future career paths is becoming increasingly difficult. The migration of people and the globalization of the workforce raise questions about social inclusion and the future of affected individuals. These examples highlight of the importance of the field of Career Counseling and Guidance to support citizens individually and collectively in building their future. The challenges our societies face demonstrate how crucial the development of research in this field is. The European Doctoral Programme in Career Guidance and Counselling (ECADOC), funded by the European Commission from 2013-2016, has brought together PhD students working on burning issues in this field, using various theoretical references and methodologies. The four parts of this book present a selection of innovative research aiming to find answers to the named challenges. Part 1 deals with key psychological processes involved in career construction of young adults. Part 2 presents research concerning transitions over the course of life. Part 3 covers research related to interventions of career guidance and counseling. Part 4 outlines perspectives for the future and proposes a European Research Agenda for our field of research. Perspectives on Current Research in Career Guidance and Counseling – Building Careers in Changing and Diverse Societies is dedicated to students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of education, career guidance, psychology, human resource management to inform them about very recent work and promote the development of innovative interventions and programmes.
Author: John Stevenson
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000249212
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
An ambitious book with a number of excellent chapters. It will stand out in the broad field of vocational education and training for its strong basis in the research literature. Professor Michael Young, London Institute of Education Developing Vocational Expertise offers a systematic foundation for vocational education and training. Drawing on current research, it provides a theoretical basis for teachers and trainers to develop instructional strategies. The contributors emphasise the importance of considering learning in context. They examine the core areas of literacy, numeracy, information literacy, problem-solving and creativity, as well as newer areas of instruction: flexible learning and guided learning. Each chapter takes a structured approach to developing core sets of knowledge and skills for work. Within each area of expertise, recent theoretical and research developments are outlined, and the implications for curriculum development, teaching and learning are explained. Teachers and trainers are encouraged to select an appropriate combination of approaches to suit the particular needs of their students and circumstances. Developing Vocational Expertise is an essential resource for students in vocational and occupational education, and will also interest technical and further education teachers and industry trainers.
Author: Howard Wainer
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136564594
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Technological and theoretical changes over the past decade have altered the way we think about test validity. This book addresses the present and future concerns raised by these developments. Topics discussed include: * the validity of computerized testing * the validity of testing for specialized populations (e.g., minorities, the handicapped) and * new analytic tools to study and measure validity
