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Author: Stephen Crawford
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521351022
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
First published in 1989, this book examines the work, careers and politics of French engineers and technical workers employed in traditional and high-technology settings. In the process, it critically evaluates several theories of social change and advocates a unique approach to class theory and the comparative analysis of nations. Neither owners of productive property nor wage workers performing routinised labour. Engineers occupy an ambiguous social position that has elicited a good deal of controversy about trends in their situation and ideology. Where theories of professionalism anticipate occupationally based challenges to the legitimacy of bureaucratic authority, Marxian and neo-Marxian analyses foresee class-based opposition to capitalism. Yet all these theories share a preoccupation with the effects of technology and the division of labour on social values and group identities. This book maintains that such a preoccupation obscures the significance of career situations and the distinctively national institutions that shape them. The book presents a fresh view of the interplay of occupation, class and nation.
Author: Stephen Crawford
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521351022
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Get Book Here
Book Description
First published in 1989, this book examines the work, careers and politics of French engineers and technical workers employed in traditional and high-technology settings. In the process, it critically evaluates several theories of social change and advocates a unique approach to class theory and the comparative analysis of nations. Neither owners of productive property nor wage workers performing routinised labour. Engineers occupy an ambiguous social position that has elicited a good deal of controversy about trends in their situation and ideology. Where theories of professionalism anticipate occupationally based challenges to the legitimacy of bureaucratic authority, Marxian and neo-Marxian analyses foresee class-based opposition to capitalism. Yet all these theories share a preoccupation with the effects of technology and the division of labour on social values and group identities. This book maintains that such a preoccupation obscures the significance of career situations and the distinctively national institutions that shape them. The book presents a fresh view of the interplay of occupation, class and nation.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309440068
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
Skilled technical occupationsâ€"defined as occupations that require a high level of knowledge in a technical domain but do not require a bachelor's degree for entryâ€"are a key component of the U.S. economy. In response to globalization and advances in science and technology, American firms are demanding workers with greater proficiency in literacy and numeracy, as well as strong interpersonal, technical, and problem-solving skills. However, employer surveys and industry and government reports have raised concerns that the nation may not have an adequate supply of skilled technical workers to achieve its competitiveness and economic growth objectives. In response to the broader need for policy information and advice, Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce examines the coverage, effectiveness, flexibility, and coordination of the policies and various programs that prepare Americans for skilled technical jobs. This report provides action-oriented recommendations for improving the American system of technical education, training, and certification.
Author: David H. Autor
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262367742
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
Why the United States lags behind other industrialized countries in sharing the benefits of innovation with workers and how we can remedy the problem. The United States has too many low-quality, low-wage jobs. Every country has its share, but those in the United States are especially poorly paid and often without benefits. Meanwhile, overall productivity increases steadily and new technology has transformed large parts of the economy, enhancing the skills and paychecks of higher paid knowledge workers. What’s wrong with this picture? Why have so many workers benefited so little from decades of growth? The Work of the Future shows that technology is neither the problem nor the solution. We can build better jobs if we create institutions that leverage technological innovation and also support workers though long cycles of technological transformation. Building on findings from the multiyear MIT Task Force on the Work of the Future, the book argues that we must foster institutional innovations that complement technological change. Skills programs that emphasize work-based and hybrid learning (in person and online), for example, empower workers to become and remain productive in a continuously evolving workplace. Industries fueled by new technology that augments workers can supply good jobs, and federal investment in R&D can help make these industries worker-friendly. We must act to ensure that the labor market of the future offers benefits, opportunity, and a measure of economic security to all.
Author: Peter Whalley
Publisher: SUNY Press
ISBN: 9780887062520
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Engineers appear in recent social science as central, though somewhat elusive, figures. They play a particularly critical role in the various attempts to understand the impact of 'science-based' industry on the class structure of advanced capitalist societies. In this book, Peter Whalley brings these engineers into sharper focus. He argues that engineers should not be seen as members of a glamorous 'new class' of professionalized knowledge workers, nor as a radicalized 'new working class' or partially de-skilled technical proletariat. Rather, they should be viewed as 'trusted employees,' selected, socialized, trained, and rewarded to perform the discretionary tasks necessarily delegated by employers in the complex organizations of advanced capitalism. The book draws extensively on observations and interviews to compare engineers' work and understanding in the high- and low-tech settings of two British companies: "Computergraph," an advanced electronics firm, and "Metalco," a traditional British engineering giant. Whalley compares the technical work structure of Britain with those of France and the United States. He argues that the impact of technological change on class structure is critically mediated by nationally specific modes of organizing technical work and producing trusted workers. The book goes beyond cultural explanations of these national variations to examine how they are created and reproduced in the organization of work and the structuring of occupations.
Author: Savvas A. Katsikides
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429770200
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 165
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Book Description
Published in 1998. This text is concerned with research issues within the context of the emerging information age. The book draws together research which is devoted to key questions examining the relationship between the various and widely discussed developments of technological systems and their societal impacts. Increasing interest and research into the information society and their euphorical assumptions is creating a wide spectrum of societal criticism. Computer supported work for instance has led to the development of innovative organizational processes based on technological developments and communications paradigms. In particular the focus is centred on the perspectives of such Networking Entities and their many varied implications. The book links sociology with technology and aims to lead it to wider discussions of the above issues.
Author: Joyce Tang
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN: 0742577309
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
The first to systematically compare Caucasians, African Americans, and Asian Americans in engineering, this study of the career attainment and mobility of engineers in the United States tells how these three groups fare in the American engineering labor market and what they can look forward to in the future. The numbers of black and Asian engineers recently have grown at a much faster rate than the number of Caucasian engineers. With a projected steady increase in engineering jobs and demographic shifts, this trend should continue. Yet, recent writings on the engineering profession have said little about career mobility beyond graduation. This book identifies and explores key issues determining whether minorities in the US will attain occupational equality with their Caucasian counterparts. Highlighting implications for theory, policy making, and the future of the profession, Doing Engineering offers important insights into labor, race and ethnicity that will be of interest to anyone studying stratification in a wide range of professional occupations.
Author: Suddhabrata Deb Roy
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031581288
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
Author: Waldemar Karwowski
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849326417
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2092
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Book Description
Occupational ergonomics and safety studies the application of human behavior, abilities, limitations, and other characteristics to the design, testing, and evaluation of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for productive, safe, comfortable, and effective use. Occupational Ergonomics Handbook provides current, comprehensive knowledge in this broad field, providing essential, state-of-the-art information from nearly 150 international leaders of this discipline. The text assesses the knowledge and expertise applied to industrial environments: Providing engineering guidelines for redesigning tools, machines, and work layouts Evaluating the demands placed on workers by current jobs Simulating alternative work methods Determining the potential for reducing physical job demands based on the implementation of new methods Topics also include: Fundamental ergonomic design principles at work Work-related musculoskeletal injuries, such as cumulative trauma to the upper extremity (CTDs) and low back disorders (LBDs), which affect several million workers each year with total costs exceeding $100 billion annually Current knowledge used for minimizing human suffering, potential for occupational disability, and related worker's compensation costs Working conditions under which musculoskeletal injuries might occur Engineering design measures for eliminating or reducing known job-risk factors Optimal manufacturing processes regarding human perceptual and cognitive abilities as well as task reliability Identifying the worker population affected by adverse conditions Early medical and work intervention efforts Economics of an ergonomics maintenance program Ergonomics as an essential cost to doing business Ergonomics intervention includes design for manufacturability, total quality management, and work organization. Occupational Ergonomics Handbook demonstrates how ergonomics serves as a vital component for the activities of the company and enables an advantageous cooperation between management and labor. This new handbook serves a broad segment of industrial practitioners, including industrial and manufacturing engineers; managers; plant supervisors and ergonomics professionals; researchers and students from academia, business, and government; human factors and safety specialists; physical therapists; cognitive and work psychologists; sociologists; and human-computer communications specialists.
Author: Manuel Castells
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444356313
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 481
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Book Description
This first book in Castells' groundbreaking trilogy, with a substantial new preface, highlights the economic and social dynamics of the information age and shows how the network society has now fully risen on a global scale. Groundbreaking volume on the impact of the age of information on all aspects of society Includes coverage of the influence of the internet and the net-economy Describes the accelerating pace of innovation and social transformation Based on research in the USA, Asia, Latin America, and Europe
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
