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Author: Rachael Michelle Singer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
My dissertation aims to inform strategies for the estimation of prevalence and burden of disease caused by neglected intestinal parasitic infections in the United States, with a view toward their control. The current burden of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and intestinal protozoa (IP) infections in the US is unknown; consequentially, little existing surveillance and disease control framework exists to protect US residents. This group of infections is considered neglected due to lack of adequate surveillance. For example, despite documented historical and contemporary autochthonous transmission, the STH are not required by state law to be reported nor are they nationally notifiable, with the exception of mandated reporting for three species in Texas, as of September 2015. Without a tangible sense of the disease burden, little attention is paid to the prevention, diagnosis, and/or treatment of STH and IP in the US. I investigate the hypothesis that a significant burden of neglected intestinal parasitic infections persists in vulnerable communities throughout the US, and seek to identify and characterize the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a study at the local level. Our results from an epidemiological study in central Texas, as well as a species distribution modeling study of the STH Strongyloides stercoralis, suggest that STH represent a sufficient threat to US public health and therefore merit an organized public health response. Given that the US has a rudimentary or non-existent framework for addressing STH, I conduct a systematic review of global examples of intestinal parasite prevalence estimation, surveillance, and control programs to model solutions that can be adapted for the US context. My dissertation contributes to the characterization of a neglected public health problem, quantifying the burden of intestinal parasites locally and offering evidence-based solutions at the local, state, national, and health systems levels. The epidemiological insights we have gained about intestinal parasitic infections in the US suggest several public health, clinical, and policy strategies that may help to address the burden of disease, and, combined with additional historic and contemporary evidence call for a shift in the way we think about health equity and the provision of human rights in the US
Author: Rachael Michelle Singer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
My dissertation aims to inform strategies for the estimation of prevalence and burden of disease caused by neglected intestinal parasitic infections in the United States, with a view toward their control. The current burden of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and intestinal protozoa (IP) infections in the US is unknown; consequentially, little existing surveillance and disease control framework exists to protect US residents. This group of infections is considered neglected due to lack of adequate surveillance. For example, despite documented historical and contemporary autochthonous transmission, the STH are not required by state law to be reported nor are they nationally notifiable, with the exception of mandated reporting for three species in Texas, as of September 2015. Without a tangible sense of the disease burden, little attention is paid to the prevention, diagnosis, and/or treatment of STH and IP in the US. I investigate the hypothesis that a significant burden of neglected intestinal parasitic infections persists in vulnerable communities throughout the US, and seek to identify and characterize the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a study at the local level. Our results from an epidemiological study in central Texas, as well as a species distribution modeling study of the STH Strongyloides stercoralis, suggest that STH represent a sufficient threat to US public health and therefore merit an organized public health response. Given that the US has a rudimentary or non-existent framework for addressing STH, I conduct a systematic review of global examples of intestinal parasite prevalence estimation, surveillance, and control programs to model solutions that can be adapted for the US context. My dissertation contributes to the characterization of a neglected public health problem, quantifying the burden of intestinal parasites locally and offering evidence-based solutions at the local, state, national, and health systems levels. The epidemiological insights we have gained about intestinal parasitic infections in the US suggest several public health, clinical, and policy strategies that may help to address the burden of disease, and, combined with additional historic and contemporary evidence call for a shift in the way we think about health equity and the provision of human rights in the US
Author: Michael Harrington
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 068482678X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Examines the economic underworld of migrant farm workers, the aged, minority groups, and other economically underprivileged groups.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241564865
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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Book Description
"The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.
Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1027
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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author: Peter J. Hotez
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1555818757
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
Forgotten People, Forgotten Diseases Second Edition The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are the most common infections of the world's poor, but few people know about these diseases and why they are so important. This second edition of Forgotten People, Forgotten Diseases provides an overview of the NTDs and how they devastate the poor, essentially trapping them in a vicious cycle of extreme poverty by preventing them from working or attaining their full intellectual and cognitive development. Author Peter J. Hotez highlights a new opportunity to control and perhaps eliminate these ancient scourges, through alliances between nongovernmental development organizations and private-public partnerships to create a successful environment for mass drug administration and product development activities. Forgotten People, Forgotten Diseases also Addresses the myriad changes that have occurred in the field since the previous edition. Describes how NTDs have affected impoverished populations for centuries, changing world history. Considers the future impact of alliances between nongovernmental development organizations and private-public partnerships. Forgotten People, Forgotten Diseases is an essential resource for anyone seeking a roadmap to coordinate global advocacy and mobilization of resources to combat NTDs.
Author: Peter J. Hotez
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 1421420465
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Why do diseases of poverty afflict more people in wealthy countries than in the developing world? In 2011, Dr. Peter J. Hotez relocated to Houston to launch Baylor’s National School of Tropical Medicine. He was shocked to discover that a number of neglected diseases often associated with developing countries were widespread in impoverished Texas communities. Despite the United States’ economic prowess and first-world status, an estimated 12 million Americans living at the poverty level currently suffer from at least one neglected tropical disease, or NTD. Hotez concluded that the world’s neglected diseases—which include tuberculosis, hookworm infection, lymphatic filariasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis—are born first and foremost of extreme poverty. In this book, Hotez describes a new global paradigm known as “blue marble health,” through which he asserts that poor people living in wealthy countries account for most of the world’s poverty-related illness. He explores the current state of neglected diseases in such disparate countries as Mexico, South Korea, Argentina, Australia, the United States, Japan, and Nigeria. By crafting public policy and relying on global partnerships to control or eliminate some of the world’s worst poverty-related illnesses, Hotez believes, it is possible to eliminate life-threatening disease while at the same time creating unprecedented opportunities for science and diplomacy. Clear, compassionate, and timely, Blue Marble Health is a must-read for leaders in global health, tropical medicine, and international development, along with anyone committed to helping the millions of people who are caught in the desperate cycle of poverty and disease.
Author: World Health Organization. Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241564091
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
"Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) blight the lives of a billion people worldwide and threaten the health of millions more. These ancient companions of poverty weaken impoverished populations, frustrate the achievement of health in the Millennium Development Goals and impede global health and economies has convinced governments, donors, the pharmaceutical industry and other agencies, including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), to invest in preventing and controlling this diverse group of diseases. Global efforts to control "hidden" diseases, such as dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease), leprosy, gains including the imminent eradication of dracunculiasis. Since 1989 (when most endemic countries began reporting monthly from each endemic village), the number of new dracunculiasis cases has fallen from 892 055 in 12 endemic countries to 3190 in 4 countries in 2009, a decrease of more than 99%. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends five public-health strategies for the prevention and control of NTDs: preventive chemotherapy; intensified case-management; vector control; the provision of safe water, sanitation and hygiene; and veterinary public health (that is, applying veterinary sciences to ensure the health and well-being of humans). Although one approach and delivered locally." - p. vii
Author: Amy Glasmeier
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317721438
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
Persistant poverty has long been one of America's most pressing and intractable problems. According to some estimates, by 2003, almost twenty-five percent of the America's countries had per-capita incomes below one half the national average, high unemployment, low labour force participation rates, and a high dependency on government transfer payments - all measures of economic distress. An Atlas of Poverty in America shows how and where America's regional development patterns have become more uneven, and graphically illustrates the increasing number of communities falling behind the national economic average. Readers will be able to use this Atlas to see how major events and trends have impacted the scope and extent of American poverty in the past half-century:economic globalization, the rise of the sunbelt, decline of the welfare state, and the civil rights movement. Also includes 195 colour maps.
Author: Pascal Boireau
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
This product documents the process by which foodborne parasites were ranked from a global food safety perspective and provides a ranking and information on all the top ranked parasites both generally and from a regional perspective. It directly supports the establishment of international standards on foodborne parasites by the Codex Alimentarius which are agreed by countries and can then be used as a basis for improving the safety of specific products and facilitation their trade internationally. These in turn directly contribute to the SO by promoting more efficient and inclusive trade.
Author: WHO Expert Committee on Prevention and Control of Intestinal Parasitic Infections
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
