Surface Modified Polypropylene Membranes for Treating Hydraulic Fracturing Produced Waters by Membrane Distillation PDF Download
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Author: Tharaka Hawpe Gamage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Membrane distillation is an emerging technology for treating hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced waters. Suppression of membrane fouling by inorganic and polar and non-polar organic compounds is a challenge. Here polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polvinylallyl imidazolium bromide and polyvinylhexyl imidazolium bromide chains have been grafted from the membrane surface. Fouling is initially due to adsorption of organic compounds followed by scale formation. When challenged with produced water, membranes modified with polvinylallyl imidazolium bromide chains provided the greatest resistance to fouling. For EC pretreated produced water and synthetic produced water that contained mainly inorganic species, the flux decline was much less.
Author: Tharaka Hawpe Gamage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Membrane distillation is an emerging technology for treating hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced waters. Suppression of membrane fouling by inorganic and polar and non-polar organic compounds is a challenge. Here polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polvinylallyl imidazolium bromide and polyvinylhexyl imidazolium bromide chains have been grafted from the membrane surface. Fouling is initially due to adsorption of organic compounds followed by scale formation. When challenged with produced water, membranes modified with polvinylallyl imidazolium bromide chains provided the greatest resistance to fouling. For EC pretreated produced water and synthetic produced water that contained mainly inorganic species, the flux decline was much less.
Author: Zahra Anari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Direct contact membrane distillation is a promising unit operation for treating hydraulic fracturing flow back and produced water. However, while a hydrophobic membrane is essential to prevent the passage of water from the feed to the permeate side, fouling by dissolved organic species can compromise membrane performance and result in wetting of the membrane pores. Here four monomers, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, acrylic acid, 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide, and 1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium bromide have been grafted from the surface of a PVDF membrane. The modified and base membranes were tested in a direct contact membrane distillation system. All membranes were challenged with real produced water. In addition, base membranes and membranes modified by grafting 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide were challenged with produced water that was pretreated by electrocoagulation. These membranes were also challenged with a synthetic wastewater made by adding to DI water the major inorganic compounds present in the produced water. The highest fluxes were obtained for the membrane grafted with 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide chains. The membrane surface after membrane distillation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. For all membranes, the interaction between adsorbed organic and inorganic species determines the degree of fouling and hence the loss in flux and membrane stability. Polyionic liquid chains that contain a repeating charged species and hydrophobic segments minimized fouling by organic species and improved the flux and membrane stability. The results suggest that by carefully tuning the properties of the monomer units in the polymer chains, membrane stability and performance can be improved.
Author: Anil K. Pabby
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429677456
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
This book on hollow fiber contractors presents an up-to-date compilation of the latest developments and milestones in this membrane technology. Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors: Module Fabrication, Design and Operation, and Potential Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of hollow fiber membrane applications (including a few case studies) in biotechnology, chemical, food, and nuclear engineering. The chapters in this book have been classified using the following, based on different ways of contacting fluids with each other: Gas-liquid contacting; Liquid-liquid contacting; Supported liquid membrane; Supported gas membrane; Fluid-fluid contacting. Other features include: Discusses using non-dispersive solvent extraction, hollow fiber strip dispersion, hollow fiber supported liquid membranes and role of process intensification in integrated use of these processes Provides technical and economic perspectives with several case studies related to specific scenarios Demonstrates module fabrication, design, operation and maintenance of hollow fiber contactors for different applications and performance Presents discussion on newer concepts like membrane emulsification, membrane nanoprecipitation, membrane crystallization and membrane condenser Special focus on emerging areas such as the use of hollow fiber contactor in back end of nuclear fuel cycle, membrane distillation, dehumidification of air and gas absorption and stripping Discusses theoretical analysis including computational modeling of different hollow fiber membrane processes, and presents emphasis on newly developed area of hollow fiber membrane based analytical techniques Presents discussion on upcoming area dealing with hollow fiber contactors-based technology in fermentation and enzymatic transformation and in chiral separations This book is equally suited for newcomers to the field, as well as for engineers and scientists that have basic knowledge in this field but are interested in obtaining more information about specific future applications.
Author: Nidal Hilal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 143986635X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 513
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Book Description
Membrane Modification: Technology and Applications is written for engineers, scientists, graduate students, and researchers in the field of membrane science and technology, materials science, applied physics, chemistry, and environmental science. The book presents the complete range of membrane modification techniques used to increase efficiency of membrane processes. The book starts with an examination of the use of membrane modification to optimize the performance of membranes used in industry. It concludes by demonstrating how membrane modification can improve separation processes in industrial sectors that are recognized as global polluters of water sources. Features Illustrates the use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in the characterization of commercial and novel membranes Overviews various surface modification techniques applied to enhance the bulk and surface properties of nanofiber membranes Covers the factors affecting membrane fouling and the use of nanoparticles in membrane modification processes Explores the use of plasma treatment for the modification of polymeric membranes Written by professors, engineers, and researchers in the field, the book covers recent advances and comprehensively describes novel and most-used membrane characterization techniques. Modification of different materials and geometrics include flat-sheet, hollow-fiber, and nano-fiber membranes as well as different membrane processes such as reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, gas separation, pervaporation, and membrane fuel cells. Chapters contain tables, figures, photographs, and theoretical equations to aid with reader comprehension.
Author: Zhien Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030412954
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
This book presents a detailed discussion of the fundamentals and practical applications of membrane technology enhancement in a range of industrial processes, energy recovery, and resource recycling. To date, most books on the applications of membrane technology have mainly focused on gas pollution removal or industrial wastewater treatment. In contrast, the enhancement of various membrane processes in the areas of energy and the environment has remained largely overlooked. This book highlights recent works and industrial products using membrane technology, while also discussing experiments and modeling studies on the membrane enhancement process.
Author: Klaus-Viktor Peinemann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783527631414
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
This ready reference on Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment, is an invaluable source detailing sustainable, emerging processes, to provide clean, energy saving and cost effective alternatives to conventional processes. The editors are internationally renowned leaders in the field, who have put together a first-class team of authors from academia and industry to present a highly approach to the subject. The book is an instrumental tool for Process Engineers, Chemical Engineers, Process Control Technicians, Water Chemists, Environmental Chemists, Materials Scientists and Patent Lawyers.
Author: Tiantian Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Membrane distillation (MD) has gained a growing interest in seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, and separation of volatile compounds as of late due to its low operating pressure, moderate temperature requirements, and high salt rejection. However, membrane fouling and pore wetting are two major problems that hinder maintaining long-term stable flux and salt rejection of MD when treating various feed solutions. Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) are promising for MD applications due to the discernable advantages of their high hydrophobicity and porosity. Utilization of micro/nano-particles and surface fluoro-silanization are effective modification methods to enhance anti-fouling and anti-wetting properties of MD membranes. The objective of this doctoral research is to develop effective membranes with durable fouling/wetting resistance for water production by MD. To achieve this goal, a highly hydrophobic poly (vinylidene fluoridecohexafluoropropylene)/ reduced graphene oxide (PVDFHFP/ rGO) flatsheet membrane was prepared via a facile electrospinning technique. The rGO incorporated membranes exhibited excellent stability and durability with a salt rejection of over 99.97% and an average flux of 20.37 kg/m2h using 60 g/L sodium chloride as the feed solution. To expand the application of conventional MD membranes to treat challenging wastewaters that contain low surface tension contaminants, one simple modification method was applied by utilizing fluoroalkylsilane of low surface energy on the pristine PVDF-HFP/rGO substrate to achieve surface superamphiphobicity (both superhydrophobicity and near-superoleophobicity). The resulting membranes demonstrated superamphiphobicity, confirmed by their wetting resistance evaluated with water and low surface tension liquids. The antiwetting performance of the membrane was tested through desalinating 35 g/L sodium chloride solution in the presence of a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) in the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) unit. Finally, a highly permeable membrane for membrane distillation applications by employing porous MCM-48 silica as the nanofiller was developed. The addition of hydrophobic MCM-48 nanoparticles was found to significantly increase water vapor transport, with a flux enhancement 87.16% greater than that observed in the pristine PVDF-HFP membrane.
Author: A.F. Ismail
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315645777
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Realizing that water, energy and food are the three pillars to sustain the growth of human population in the future, this book deals with all the above aspects with particular emphasis on water and energy. In particular, the book addresses applications of membrane science and technology for water and wastewater treatment, energy and environment. Th
Author: Alberto Figoli
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811056234
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
This book analyses the sustainability of membrane operations applied on an industrial scale, as well as that of those under investigation on lab/pilot scales, covering also the preparation of both polymeric and inorganic membranes. It presents reverse osmosis in desalination, membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment and pressure-driven industrial wastewater treatment in agrofood and textile fields as examples of industrial membrane operations. Regarding the membrane processes still on a lab/pilot scale, the analysis includes membrane operations for the recovery of valuable products from wastewater streams, for the removal of toxic compounds from water/wastewater, and for zero liquid discharge approaches in desalination. The book offers a useful guide for scientists and engineers working in various fields, including membrane technology, separation, desalination, and wastewater treatment. Alberto Figoli and Alessandra Criscuoli are both Senior Researchers at the Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy.
Author: Zhiwei Wang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 044313832X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Antibiofouling Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Applications covers most recent advances, challenges, and industrial applications of antibiofouling membranes to help in reducing cost and increasing sustainability of long term-filtration performance of membranes in water and wastewater treatment. This book will provide a compact source of relevant and timely information on antibiofouling membranes and will be of great interest to scientists, engineers, industry R&D personnel, and graduate students engaged in the development, engineering scale-up, and applications of antibiofouling membranes, as well as other readers who are interested in microfiltration, membrane bioreactor, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and related topics. - Covers scientific and engineering principles of antibiofouling membranes for water and wastewater treatment - Unravels the structure-preparation-property-application relationship of antibiofouling membranes - Provides advanced design strategies of antibiofouling membrane materials - Summarizes and critically discusses antibiofouling membrane materials based on biocidal nanomaterials and quaternary ammonium compounds - Focuses on the state-of-the-art applications of antibiofouling membranes for water and wastewater treatment
