Author: Myeong-Je Cho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol) are known to be inducers of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. This study evaluated the effect of inoculation and nitrogen on isoflavonoid concentration in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) root extracts from selected hypernodulating mutants (NOD1-3, NOD2-4, and NOD3-7), a nonnodulating mutant (NN5), and the Williams parent. There were no significant differences in isoflavonoid concentrations of root extracts among lines when plants were not inoculated, while all mutants had higher isoflavonoid concentrations at 12 days after inoculation than did the Williams control when plants were inoculated. Nitrogen (urea, (NH$sb4)sb2$SO$sb4$, and NO$sb3sp-$) application markedly decreased isoflavonoid concentrations in all soybean lines, with NO$sb3sp-$ being most inhibitory. Split-root studies with both Williams and NOD1-3 showed that root isoflavonoid concentration and nodule number, weight, and nitrogenase activity were markedly suppressed on the root-half receiving 5 mM NO$sb3sp-$, compared with the other root-half receiving 0 mM NO$sb3sp-$. Grafting studies between NOD1-3 and Williams showed that NOD1-3 shoots induced hypernodulation on roots of both Williams and NOD1-3 while Williams shoots induced normal nodulation on root stocks of both lines. Shoot control of hypernodulation in grafted plants was possibly due to NOD1-3 shoots inducing markedly higher root isoflavonoid concentrations than Williams shoots. Grafting confirmed that the nonnodulating phenotype of the NN5 mutant was strictly root controlled. Root medium application of ABA resulted in a decrease of nodulation in both Williams and NOD1-3, which may be causally related to the decrease root isoflavonoid concentrations. Isoflavonoid application into root medium enhanced nodulation in both Williams and NOD1-3, but it failed to induce nodulation on the NN5 nonnodulating mutant. This indicates that the nonnodulating phenotype is totally unrelated to isoflavonoids. The results shown here can be interpreted as evidence for involvement of isoflavonoids in nodulation control and support the previous conclusions of (1) greater nodulation capabilities of hypernodulating mutants than the Williams parent, (2) N inhibition of nodulation and N$sb2$ fixation, (3) more marked inhibitory effect of NO$sb3sp-$ than of urea on nodulation, (4) shoot control of hypernodulation phenotype, and (5) ABA inhibition of nodulation. The lack of any difference in nodulation and isoflavonoid concentration of a hypernodulating mutant and Williams in early stages after inoculation indicated that the role of isoflavonoids in differential nodulation, if any, was on advanced stages of nodule ontogeny rather than on initial infection stages.

Author: Richard Scott Nelson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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Author: David Lewis Eskew
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Author: Jiban Shrestha
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832550924
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 613

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Agricultural communities are being affected by climate change. Droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, and flooding are all regarded as severe threats to crop production as they hinder plant growth and development, resulting in yield losses. Plants respond to stress through a complex process that includes changes in physiological and biochemical processes, gene expression, and alterations in the amounts of metabolites and proteins at different developmental stages. This special issue will focus on recent advances in the use of various traditional and modern biotechnological strategies to understand stress adaptation and tolerance mechanisms including (but not limited to) genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, miRNA, genome editing, transgenic plants, exogenous application of plant growth regulators, and so on. Abiotic stress is a key constraint to agricultural production around the world. Water deficit, excess precipitation, high and low temperature, and salinity are the most prevalent abiotic stresses. Compaction, mineral availability, and pH-related stressors are among the others. This Research Topic aims to highlight the most recent breakthroughs in plant responses to abiotic stresses and adaptation/tolerance strategies. This special issue provides the advanced toolkit and technologies that are used to investigate and understand plant responses to abiotic stress. The purpose of this special issue is to give a platform for scientists and academics from across the world to promote, share, and discuss new concerns and advancements in the field of abiotic stress in plants. Current updates and recent developments in the physiological, molecular, and genetic perspectives on combined and sequential stress responses and tolerance in field crops are expected in articles. Original research and review articles dealing with abiotic stress are welcomed. In this special issue, potential topics include, but are not limited to: • Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of plants under abiotic stress. • Systems biology approaches to study abiotic stress in crop plants. • Phenotyping for abiotic stress tolerance in crops. • Physiological and molecular characterization of crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. • Molecular breeding for developing and improving abiotic stress resilience in crops. • Microbial mitigation of abiotic stress responses in crops • Omics technologies for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. • Performance of novel GMO crops under abiotic stress conditions. • CRISPR-Cas Genome editing tools for the Improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in plants. • Crop production in abiotic stress conditions.

Author: Richard Scott Nelson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138

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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 724

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Author: Tri Dinh Vuong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 832

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Sept.-Oct. issue includes list of theses and dissertations for U.S. and Canadian graduate degrees granted in crop science, soil science, and agronomic science during the previous academic year.

Author: Parvaiz Ahmad
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118917081
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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Leguminous crops have been found to contribute almost 27% of the world’s primary crop production. However, due to environmental fluctuations, legumes are often exposed to different environmental stresses, leading to problems with growth and development, and ultimately, decreased yield. This timely review explains the transcriptomics, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, transgenomics, functional genomics and phenomics of a wide range of different leguminous crops under biotic and abiotic stresses, and their genetic and molecular responses. Amongst others the text describes the effect of nutrient deficiency, pesticides, salt, and temperature stress on legumes. Importantly, the book explores the physiobiochemical, molecular and omic approaches that are used to overcome biotic and abiotic constraints in legumes. It looks at the exogenous application of phytoprotectants; the role of nutrients in the alleviation of abiotic stress; and the microbial strategy for the improvement of legume production under hostile environments. Key features: demonstrates how to mitigate the negative effect of stress on leguminous crops, and how to improve the yield under stress the most up-to-date research in the field written by an international team of active researchers and practitioners across academia, industry and non-profit organisations. This volume is a valuable and much-needed resource for scientists, professionals and researchers working in plant science, breeding, food security, crop improvement and agriculture worldwide. In universities it will educate postgraduate and graduate students in plant science and agriculture; it will also benefit those in scientific institutions and in biotech and agribusiness companies, who deal with agronomy and environment.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 702

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