Qualification de différents matériaux silicium en vue de la réalisation sur le même substrat de transistors dédiés à différentes applications

Qualification de différents matériaux silicium en vue de la réalisation sur le même substrat de transistors dédiés à différentes applications PDF Author: Amar Saboundji
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 129

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Book Description
Durant cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la fabrication de transistors en couches minces de silicium amorphe, microcristallin ou cristallisé par laser. La première phase du travail concerne l'étude de la cristallisation de la couche active des transistors par un laser continu Nd : Yag. Les couches cristallisées avec une énergie E = 3.64 W, ont des grains de taille maximale. Les transistors de type N présentent des mobilités d'environ 630 cm2/V.s. Cependant, ces transistors présentent une grande dispersion de la mobilité de l'ordre de 15% et surtout une variation aléatoire, inacceptable, du courant inverse d'un transistor à son voisin. L'énergie de 3.12 W semble être le meilleur compromis possible entre une bonne mobilité et une homogénéité acceptable, de l'ordre de 5%. Elle aboutit à une mobilité de 390 cm2/V.s. La taille des grains issus de cette cristallisation, induit des performances différentes des transistors selon leur orientation par rapport au balayage du laser. Les transistors parallèles présentent une mobilité moyenne de 390 cm2/V.s alors que les transistors perpendiculaire voient la mobilité chuter à 240 cm2/V.s.Dans la seconde partie de ce travail nous somme intéressés à la faisabilité de transistors stables fabriqués à basse température. Les transistors réalisés avec des couches de silicium amorphe déposé par filament chaud donnent des résultats intéressants particulièrement une grande mobilité d'effet de champ ((= 1.3 cm2/V·s). Ils sont par contre aussi instables que les habituels transistors au silicium amorphe. Par contre les transistors fabriqués à partir de silicium microcristallin présentent une très bonne stabilité. De très grandes mobilités d'électrons (40 cm2/V·s) sont obtenues avec des transistors réalisés à partir de couches micrcristallines déposées aussi bien par filament chaud que par PECVD. Ces résultats confirment la possibilité d'utiliser le silicium microcristallin comme alternative au silicium amorphe dans les écrans plats La valeur de la mobilité de trous obtenue 1.15 cm2/V·s, jamais atteinte auparavant avec ce type de matériau, est quant à elle suffisante pour envisager la réalisation de circuits CMOS.

Qualification de différents matériaux silicium en vue de la réalisation sur le même substrat de transistors dédiés à différentes applications

Qualification de différents matériaux silicium en vue de la réalisation sur le même substrat de transistors dédiés à différentes applications PDF Author: Amar Saboundji
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 129

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Book Description
Durant cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la fabrication de transistors en couches minces de silicium amorphe, microcristallin ou cristallisé par laser. La première phase du travail concerne l'étude de la cristallisation de la couche active des transistors par un laser continu Nd : Yag. Les couches cristallisées avec une énergie E = 3.64 W, ont des grains de taille maximale. Les transistors de type N présentent des mobilités d'environ 630 cm2/V.s. Cependant, ces transistors présentent une grande dispersion de la mobilité de l'ordre de 15% et surtout une variation aléatoire, inacceptable, du courant inverse d'un transistor à son voisin. L'énergie de 3.12 W semble être le meilleur compromis possible entre une bonne mobilité et une homogénéité acceptable, de l'ordre de 5%. Elle aboutit à une mobilité de 390 cm2/V.s. La taille des grains issus de cette cristallisation, induit des performances différentes des transistors selon leur orientation par rapport au balayage du laser. Les transistors parallèles présentent une mobilité moyenne de 390 cm2/V.s alors que les transistors perpendiculaire voient la mobilité chuter à 240 cm2/V.s.Dans la seconde partie de ce travail nous somme intéressés à la faisabilité de transistors stables fabriqués à basse température. Les transistors réalisés avec des couches de silicium amorphe déposé par filament chaud donnent des résultats intéressants particulièrement une grande mobilité d'effet de champ ((= 1.3 cm2/V·s). Ils sont par contre aussi instables que les habituels transistors au silicium amorphe. Par contre les transistors fabriqués à partir de silicium microcristallin présentent une très bonne stabilité. De très grandes mobilités d'électrons (40 cm2/V·s) sont obtenues avec des transistors réalisés à partir de couches micrcristallines déposées aussi bien par filament chaud que par PECVD. Ces résultats confirment la possibilité d'utiliser le silicium microcristallin comme alternative au silicium amorphe dans les écrans plats La valeur de la mobilité de trous obtenue 1.15 cm2/V·s, jamais atteinte auparavant avec ce type de matériau, est quant à elle suffisante pour envisager la réalisation de circuits CMOS.

ICREEC 2019

ICREEC 2019 PDF Author: Ahmed Belasri
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811554447
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 659

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Book Description
This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.

From Technological to Virtual Art

From Technological to Virtual Art PDF Author: Frank Popper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 482

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Book Description
Frank Popper traces the development of immersive, interactive new media art from its antecedents through today's digital, multimedia, & networked art.

Memory Evolutive Systems; Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition

Memory Evolutive Systems; Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition PDF Author: A C Ehresmann
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080555411
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 403

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Book Description
Memory Evolutive Systems; Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition provides comprehensive and comprehensible coverage of Memory Evolutive Systems (MEM). Written by the developers of the MEM, the book proposes a mathematical model for autonomous evolutionary systems based on the Category Theory of mathematics. It describes a framework to study and possibly simulate the structure of living systems and their dynamic behavior. This book contributes to understanding the multidisciplinary interfaces between mathematics, cognition, consciousness, biology and the study of complexity. It is organized into three parts. Part A deals with hierarchy and emergence and covers such topics as net of interactions and categories; the binding problem; and complexifications and emergence. Part B is about MEM while Part C discusses MEM applications to cognition and consciousness. The book explores the characteristics of a complex evolutionary system, its differences from inanimate physical systems, and its functioning and evolution in time, from its birth to its death. This book is an ideal reference for researchers, teachers and students in pure mathematics, computer science, cognitive science, study of complexity and systems theory, Category Theory, biological systems theory, and consciousness theory. It would also be of interest to both individuals and institutional libraries. - Comprehensive and comprehensible coverage of Memory Evolutive System - Written by the developers of the Memory Evolutive Systems - Designed to explore the common language between sciences

Formal Methods Applied to Complex Systems

Formal Methods Applied to Complex Systems PDF Author: Jean-Louis Boulanger
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119002923
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 342

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Book Description
This book presents real-world examples of formal techniques in an industrial context. It covers formal methods such as SCADE and/or the B Method, in various fields such as railways, aeronautics, and the automotive industry. The purpose of this book is to present a summary of experience on the use of “formal methods” (based on formal techniques such as proof, abstract interpretation and model-checking) in industrial examples of complex systems, based on the experience of people currently involved in the creation and assessment of safety critical system software. The involvement of people from within the industry allows the authors to avoid the usual confidentiality problems which can arise and thus enables them to supply new useful information (photos, architecture plans, real examples, etc.).

Advances in Acoustic Microscopy

Advances in Acoustic Microscopy PDF Author: Andrew Briggs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461558514
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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Book Description
This is the second volume of Advances in Acoustic Microscopy. It continues the aim of presenting applications and developments of techniques that are related to high-resolution acoustic imaging. We are very grateful to the authors who have devoted considerable time to preparing these chapters, each of which describes a field of growing importance. Laboratories that have high-performance acoustic microscopes are frequently asked to examine samples for which the highest available resolution is not necessary, and the ability to penetrate opaque layers is more significant. Such applications can be thought of as bridging the gap be tween acoustic microscopy at low gigahertz frequencies, and on the one hand nondestructive testing of materials at low megahertz frequencies and on the other hand medical ultrasonic imaging at low megahertz frequencies. Commercial acoustic microscopes are becoming increasingly available and popular for such applications. We are therefore delighted to be able to begin the volume with chapters from each of those two fields. The first chapter, by Gabriele Pfannschmidt, describes uses of acoustic microscopy in the semiconductor industry. It provides a splendid balance to the opening chapter of Volume 1, which came from a national research center, being written from within a major European electronics industry itself. Dr Pfann schmidt describes the use of two quite different types of acoustic microscopes, and points out the advantages of each for specific purposes.

Transport Phenomena in Membranes

Transport Phenomena in Membranes PDF Author: N. Lakshminarayanaiah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 544

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Book Description


Electrically Small, Superdirective, and Superconducting Antennas

Electrically Small, Superdirective, and Superconducting Antennas PDF Author: R. C. Hansen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 047004103X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Book Description
A seminal reference to electrically small antennas for today's wireless and Wi-Fi world This book is dedicated to the challenges posed by electrically small antennas and their solutions. Electrically small antennas have characteristics that limit performance: low radiation resistance, high reactance, low efficiency, narrow bandwidth, and increased loss in the matching network. Most of these limitations are shared by two other classes of antennas: superdirective and superconducting antennas. All three classes of antennas are thoroughly treated in three interrelated parts: * Part One, Electrically Small Antennas, begins with a discussion of the fundamental limitations of bandwidth and matching, then provides detailed design information on loaded whips and dipoles, ferrite loops, patches with unusual substrates, and dielectric resonator antennas. In addition to exploring designs that work, the author sets forth antenna designs that are based on good physics yet are poor performers, as well as designs with both poor underlying physics and poor performance. * Part Two, Superdirective Antennas, sets forth basic capabilities and limitations of superdirective antennas, both apertures and arrays, and investigates bandwidth, efficiency, and tolerances. The author explores the magnification of intrinsic matching circuit loss due to a large mismatch and evaluates the recent and promising non-Foster matching circuits. * Part Three, Superconducting Antennas, reviews superconductivity concepts and new principles for dipole, loop, and patch antennas. The author concludes with a discussion of superconducting delay lines for wideband phased array steering. Throughout the book, the author provides readers with a historical perspective, setting forth what has been investigated, what works, and what does not. Each part has its own author index and a list of references to help readers continue their explorations of particular topics.With the explosive demand for wireless and Wi-Fi, this seminal reference is essential reading for all antenna professionals and is recommended as a graduate-level course book.

Internet Dreams

Internet Dreams PDF Author: Mark Stefik
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262692021
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 444

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Book Description
Internet Dreams illuminates not only how "the Net" is being created, but also stories about ourselves as our lives become electronically interconnected. Stefik explores some of the most provocative writings about the Internet to tease out the deeper metaphors and myths. 24 illustrations.

Transforming Computer Technology

Transforming Computer Technology PDF Author: Arthur L. Norberg
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN: 9780801863691
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Winner of the Association of American Publishers Professional and Scholarly Publishing Award for Computer Science Over the course of several decades, the Pentagon's Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) helped transform computing from a cumbersome enterprise based on batch processing to the instantly interactive, graphically rich, highly intelligent computing of today. With the purpose of improving command and control systems for the military, IPTO researchers strengthened time-sharing, laid the groundwork for graphics and parallel processing, contributed to the study of artificial intelligence, and developed the wide-area network that came to be known as the Internet. Transforming Computer Technology examines these and other developments at the Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency in its heyday between 1962 and 1986. The authors show how Pentagon programs affected significant developments in both computer science and engineering. They analyze the management of the office, the origins and growth of important IPTO programs, and the interaction of the staff with the R & D community. They pay special attention to IPTO's role in executing research at the leading edge of computing and networking and in working with the military to transfer that research into practical use. And they show how, by the 1990s, the research results had been assimilated into systems both for the military and for civilian society.