Physiological Aspects of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Yield as Affected by Daminozide PDF Download
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Author: Oumar N'Diaye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Author: Oumar N'Diaye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Author: Shane Turin Ball
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Robert Luther McGraw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Scientific breeding of peanuts was initiated in 1928 at the University of Florida. Since that time the potential yield has more than doubled due to the release of four improved cultivars. These cultivars were Dixie Runner released in 1943, Early Runner released in 1952, Florunner released in 1969, and Early Bunch released in 1977. No previous attempt had been made to discover the physiological differences among the four cultivars that accounted for the large increase in potential yield. A growth analysis was conducted during the 1976 growing season at the University of Florida using the four Florida cultivars, a Spanish type peanut, and one soybean cultivar (Glycine max L. Merr.) There were two major physiological differences among the four Florida cultivars which were responsible for the majority of the potential yield increase. The new higher yielding cultivars reached a stable pod number earlier. Dixie Runner reached a stable pod number about day 105, Early Runner about day 96, Florunner about day 84, and Early Bunch about day 75. By early initiation of a full pod load the newer cultivars had a longer period in which to fill the last pods established. The major difference among the cultivars which resulted in the increased yield potential was a higher partitioning of assimilates to the reproductive portion of the plant in the higher yielding cultivars. Dixie Runner partitioned about 31% of its photosynthate to the pods, Early Runner 61%, Florunner 74%, and Early Bunch 85%. As the amount of photosynthate partitioned to the reproductive portion of the plant increased, the plants demonstrated an increased deterioration of the vegetative portion late in the filling period. The highest yielding peanuts more closely resembled the n self destructive" characteristics of the determinate soybean. In 1977 22 of the highest yielding genotypes from 11 different countries were analyzed to determine if they had similar characteristics to the high yielding Florida cultivars. The environment markedly affected the development of some of the genotypes which were bred for different climates. The harvest date and partitioning factor were found to be positively and significantly correlated to yield. The study indicated that in some of the cultivars yield may be increased by increasing the filling period and/or partitioning factor. In 1978 a high yielding Florida cultivar, Florunner, and a lower yielding Florida cultivar, Dixie Runner, were analyzed to determine if the canopy deterioration demonstrated by the high yielding cultivars late in the season was the result of increased remobilization of nutrients and assimilates from the canopy to the pods. Florunner was found to increase the remobilization of nitrogen and starch during the filling period. The increased remobilization of materials from the vegetative portion may be responsible for the increased canopy deterioration. No effect of the filling period on the remobilization of nitrogen and starch was found in Dixie Runner. A shading study conducted on Florunner provided evidence that the pods may have priority over the vegetative portion for assimilates and nutrients. Shading increased the remobilization of materials from the leaves and hastened the deterioration of the canopy.
Author: Abishek Xavier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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The cultivation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in West Texas is under threat due to recent limitations of well water, caused by the declination of the Ogallala aquifer. In addition, climate change such as high temperature and low rainfall has also posed a serious threat to farmers cultivating peanut in these areas. The aforementioned factors have contributed to the low yield of peanut crops and have caused economic losses for the farmers. Thus farmers are slowly transitioning back to dryland crops. The aim of this study is to identify potential peanut genotypes that are best suited to the prevalent climatic conditions and capable of properly adapting to the water limited conditions. The potential genotype should be drought tolerant and bears a minimum yield loss so the farmer does not suffer a huge economic loss. This study evaluated ten different peanut genotypes obtained from four different markets, namely Spanish, Virginia, Runner and Valencia. The genotypes involved in the studies are COC -041, TMV2, TAMSPAN -90, ICGV-86051, ICGV -86388, and Serenut -5R which belong to the Spanish market type; ICGS -76 and Serenut -6T belong to the Virginia bunch type. Genotype C76-16 belongs to the Runner type while Valencia --C belongs to the Valencia market type. Experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 under field conditions in Brownfield, Texas. Two treatment conditions were involved: the full irrigation plots received 100% evapotranspiration (ET) replacement, while the deficit irrigation plots received 50% ET replacement. Yield, rate of photosynthesis, specific leaf area (SLA) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) were measured in addition to environmental conditions such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, solar radiation, temperature and relative humidity. It was found that genotype C76-16 outperformed all other genotypes under deficit-irrigation conditions with only a 30% reduction in yield while others showed a higher loss of yield up to 48%. Each year, the yield varied widely due to environmental factors but C76-16 was consistently ranked among the top and suffered a minimal loss of yield when compared with other genotypes, suggesting that it is best suited for the erratic climatic conditions of west Texas.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 740
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 604
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 1086
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Vols. for 1973- include the following subject areas: Biological sciences, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environmental sciences, Health sciences, Engineering, Mathematics and statistics, Earth sciences, Physics, Education, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Law & political science, Business & economics, Geography & regional planning, Language & literature, Fine arts, Library & information science, Mass communications, Music, Philosophy and Religion.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant regulators
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Author: Emory Cheek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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