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Author: A.I. Kitaigorodskiy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461575591
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Our main aim is to examine whether the atoms and molecules constituting the world around us are distributed in space in a random and disordered fashion, like pebbles on the beach, or in an ordered pattern like the cells of a honeycomb. However, it is often impossible to make such a clear-cut distinction, and it is better not to use "order" and "disorder" as absolute terms but to speak instead of a "degree of order" and a "degree of disorder. " These concepts are fairly new in science. Up to about 20-30 years ago it was still believed (and in fact this belief can still be en countered today) that certain states of matter - such as gases, liquids, and amorphous solids - were characterized by a totally disordered distribution of the constituent particles, whilst crys tals, by contrast, exhibited perfectly ordered lattices. According to the present view, on the other hand, order and disorder often coexist inseparably from each other, though there are admittedly many cases in which "order" or "disorder" does describe quite accurately tbe actual state of affairs. Symptoms of disorder have recently been found in seemingly perfectly regular molecular structures, and symptoms of order in seemingly perfectly chaotic aggregations of particles. These dis coveries led to the formulation of new and important laws cor relating the structure of substances with their properties, and to tIlt' explanation of many phenomena in terms of changes in the degree of order.
Author: A.I. Kitaigorodskiy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461575591
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 143
Get Book Here
Book Description
Our main aim is to examine whether the atoms and molecules constituting the world around us are distributed in space in a random and disordered fashion, like pebbles on the beach, or in an ordered pattern like the cells of a honeycomb. However, it is often impossible to make such a clear-cut distinction, and it is better not to use "order" and "disorder" as absolute terms but to speak instead of a "degree of order" and a "degree of disorder. " These concepts are fairly new in science. Up to about 20-30 years ago it was still believed (and in fact this belief can still be en countered today) that certain states of matter - such as gases, liquids, and amorphous solids - were characterized by a totally disordered distribution of the constituent particles, whilst crys tals, by contrast, exhibited perfectly ordered lattices. According to the present view, on the other hand, order and disorder often coexist inseparably from each other, though there are admittedly many cases in which "order" or "disorder" does describe quite accurately tbe actual state of affairs. Symptoms of disorder have recently been found in seemingly perfectly regular molecular structures, and symptoms of order in seemingly perfectly chaotic aggregations of particles. These dis coveries led to the formulation of new and important laws cor relating the structure of substances with their properties, and to tIlt' explanation of many phenomena in terms of changes in the degree of order.
Author: Paul Steinhardt
Publisher: Simon & Schuster
ISBN: 147672993X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
*Shortlisted for the 2019 Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize* One of the most fascinating scientific detective stories of the last fifty years, an exciting quest for a new form of matter. “A riveting tale of derring-do” (Nature), this book reads like James Gleick’s Chaos combined with an Indiana Jones adventure. When leading Princeton physicist Paul Steinhardt began working in the 1980s, scientists thought they knew all the conceivable forms of matter. The Second Kind of Impossible is the story of Steinhardt’s thirty-five-year-long quest to challenge conventional wisdom. It begins with a curious geometric pattern that inspires two theoretical physicists to propose a radically new type of matter—one that raises the possibility of new materials with never before seen properties, but that violates laws set in stone for centuries. Steinhardt dubs this new form of matter “quasicrystal.” The rest of the scientific community calls it simply impossible. The Second Kind of Impossible captures Steinhardt’s scientific odyssey as it unfolds over decades, first to prove viability, and then to pursue his wildest conjecture—that nature made quasicrystals long before humans discovered them. Along the way, his team encounters clandestine collectors, corrupt scientists, secret diaries, international smugglers, and KGB agents. Their quest culminates in a daring expedition to a distant corner of the Earth, in pursuit of tiny fragments of a meteorite forged at the birth of the solar system. Steinhardt’s discoveries chart a new direction in science. They not only change our ideas about patterns and matter, but also reveal new truths about the processes that shaped our solar system. The underlying science is important, simple, and beautiful—and Steinhardt’s firsthand account is “packed with discovery, disappointment, exhilaration, and persistence...This book is a front-row seat to history as it is made” (Nature).
Author: Cassandra Gorman
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
ISBN: 1843845938
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
An investigation into the remarkable "poetics of the atom" in English literary texts from the mid to late seventeenth century. The early modern "atom" - understood as an indivisible particle of matter - captured the poetic imagination in ways that extended far beyond the reception of Lucretius and Epicurean atomism. Contrarily to fears of atomisation and materialist threat, many poets and philosophers of the period sought positive, spiritual motivation in the concept of material indivisibility. This book traces the metaphysical import of these poetic atoms, teasing out an affinity between poetic and atomic forms in seventeenth-century texts. In the writings of Henry More, Thomas Traherne, Margaret Cavendish, Hester Pulter and Lucy Hutchinson, both atoms and poems were instrumental in acts of creating, ordering and reconstructing knowledge. Their poems emerge as exquisitely self-conscious atomic forms, producing intimate reflections on the creative power and indivisibility of self, soul and God. The book begins with a survey of the imaginative possibilities surrounding the early modern "atom", before considering the indivisible centres of the Cambridge Platonist Henry More's cosmic, Spenserian poetics. The focus then turns to the lyrical bond formed between atom and soul in the writings of Thomas Traherne, and from there, to the experimental sequences of Margaret Cavendish and Hester Pulter, whose poetic spaces create new worlds and imagine alternative lives. The book concludes with a study of Lucy Hutchinson's creation poem Order and Disorder, which anticipates the regeneration of fallen being in atomic and alchemical terms.
Author: Alan Lightman
Publisher: Vintage
ISBN: 0593081323
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
The acclaimed author of Einstein’s Dreams tackles "big questions like the origin of the universe and the nature of consciousness ... in an entertaining and easily digestible way” (Wall Street Journal) with a collection of meditative essays on the possibilities—and impossibilities—of nothingness and infinity, and how our place in the cosmos falls somewhere in between. Can space be divided into smaller and smaller units, ad infinitum? Does space extend to larger and larger regions, on and on to infinity? Is consciousness reducible to the material brain and its neurons? What was the origin of life, and can biologists create life from scratch in the lab? Physicist and novelist Alan Lightman, whom The Washington Post has called “the poet laureate of science writers,” explores these questions and more—from the anatomy of a smile to the capriciousness of memory to the specialness of life in the universe to what came before the Big Bang. Probable Impossibilities is a deeply engaged consideration of what we know of the universe, of life and the mind, and of things vastly larger and smaller than ourselves.
Author: A. I. Kitaĭgorodskiĭ
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780340169605
Category : Atoms
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
Author: Daniel Zanou
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
This compilation of twenty-six scientific papers and philosophical essays expands the mind-body problem of the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes. We expose the nature consciousness; we discuss its origin and manifestations in living organisms. We distinguish it from life and elaborate on human existence on Earth. From there, we solve the ancient enigma posited by Epicurus, the Greek philosopher. In science, we take over Schrodinger’s works on the body’s entropy and use the research of the Japanese Nobel laureate Yoshinori Ohsumi to explain how non-living atoms transition to living molecules, Francis Crick’s faded dream that becomes reality. We delve into the living organisms to explain various losses of consciousness and awareness, including sleep, syncope, and death. We mainly focus on sleep to elucidate this mystery that no living organisms escape.
Author: Library of Congress
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Subject catalogs
Languages : en
Pages : 1012
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Greek letter societies
Languages : en
Pages : 1004
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Book Description
Author: William Franklin Kieffer
Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
For college or university students majoring in other than the natural sciences.
Author: John J. Moran
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 132691331X
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
Darwin named Geography as 'Queen of the sciences'. His observations of geographical connections had revealed the phenomenon of Life in a remarkably structured Earth-world as inter-locked dynamic systems. This 'Systems View of Life' is reviving at a time when we are facing a crisis of collapse in world systems, and the prospect of a breaking world, as a result of reckless human activities driven by amoral values. We are all geographers, embarked on a voyage in search of the optimum location with the promise of support and betterment of our future living conditions. But, for most of the world's people, this is an experience of Life fraught with hardship and deprivation. Compelled to take stock of our deteriorating environment, as well as to question the values we hold, the message is that we have the collective restorative power of geographical knowledge which can be applied to achieve a better world.
