Optical Properties of Reactive Sputtered Tungsten Oxide Thin Films PDF Download
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Author: Charles Wangati
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783659783340
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Charles Wangati
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783659783340
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Vincent David Barth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tungsten
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
The report presents a detailed review of available information on the oxidation of W and its alloys. W is relatively inert below 700 C. As the temperature is increased above this level, however, oxidation becomes progressively more rapid, reaching catastrophic rates at temperatures around 1200 C and above. Various theories for the mechanism and rates of W oxidation at different temperatures are reviewed, and the effect of pressure and water vapor on the stability of W oxides is discussed in detail. The elevatedtemperature reactions of W with other materials, such as refractory oxides, and with gases other than oxygen also are covered. Information on the protection of W by alloying and coating is included. (Author).
Author: Diederik Depla
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540766642
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 584
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Book Description
In this valuable work, all aspects of the reactive magnetron sputtering process, from the discharge up to the resulting thin film growth, are described in detail, allowing the reader to understand the complete process. Hence, this book gives necessary information for those who want to start with reactive magnetron sputtering, understand and investigate the technique, control their sputtering process and tune their existing process, obtaining the desired thin films.
Author: Shona Margaret Christie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Author: W.R. Fahrner
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN: 3038131024
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of conventional solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the hero of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.
Author: C.G. Granqvist
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008053290X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 651
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Book Description
Electrochromic materials are able to change their optical properties in a persistent and reversible way under the action of a voltage pulse. This book explores electrochromism among the metal oxides, with detailed discussions of materials preparation (primarily by thin film technology), materials characterization by (electro)chemical and physical techniques, optical properties, electrochromic device design, and device performance. The vast quantity of information presented is structured in a systematic manner and the optical data is interpreted within a novel conceptual framework.The publication will serve as a comprehensive foundation and reference work for future studies within the rapidly expanding field of electrochromic materials and devices. These devices are of particular interest for information displays, variable-transmittance (smart) windows, variable-reflectance mirrors and variable-emittance surfaces.
Author: Hugh Angus Macleod
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Book Description
Optical coatings found in almost all optical instruments and devices are frequently the ultimate determinants of performance. This text is a rigorous review of the theory, manufacture and use of thin-film coatings, ranging from basic electromagnetic ideas to the operation of coating plants. The book collects data from a wide range of sources and will provide a useful introductory text for graduates in physics, optics and electrical engineering, technicians and specialists in optics, aerospace and the scientific instrument industry, newcomers to the field, and an invaluable reference for the wide range of specialists using thin-film coatings. This edition is a complete revision of the first, containing much new material and now using SI units.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Thin films of tungsten oxynitride were prepared by dual magnetron sputtering of tungsten using argon/oxygen/nitrogen gas mixtures with various nitrogen/oxygen ratios. The presence of even small amounts of oxygen had a great effect not only on the composition but on the structure of WOxNy films, as shown by Rutherford backscattering and x-ray diffraction, respectively. Significant incorporation of nitrogen occurred only when the nitrogen partial pressure exceeded 89 percent of the total reactive gas pressure. Sharp changes in the stoichiometry, deposition rate, room temperature resistivity, electrical activation energy and optical band gap were observed when the nitrogen/oxygen ratio was high. The deposition rate increased from 0.31 to 0.89 nm/s, the room temperature resistivity decreased from 1.65 x 108 to 1.82 x 10-2?cm, the electrical activation energy decreased from 0.97 to 0.067 eV, and the optical band gap decreased from 3.19 to 2.94 eV upon nitrogen incorporation into the films. WOxNy films were highly transparent as long as the nitrogen incorporation was low, and were brownish (absorbing) and partially reflecting as nitrogen incorporation became significant.
Author: Rolf E. Hummel
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849324840
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
Thin Films for Optical Coating emphasizes the applications of thin films, deposition of thin films, and thin film characterization. Unlike monographs on this subject, this book presents the views of many expert authors. Individual chapters span a wide arc of topics within this field of study. The book offers an introduction to usual and unusual applications of optical thin films, treating in a more qualitative way general topics such as anticounterfeiting coatings, decorative coatings, light switches, contrast enhancement coatings, multiplexers, optical memories, and more. Contributors review thin film media for optical data storage, UV broadband and narrow-band filters, and optically active thin film coatings. Ion beam sputtering and magnetron sputtering deposition methods are described in detail. Characterization techniques are provided, including Raman spectroscopy and absorption measurements. The book also offers theories on light scattering of thin dielectric films and the electromagnetic properties of nanocermet thin films. This reference incorporates recent research by the individual authors with their views of current developments in their respective fields. Of particular interest to the reader will be an assessment of the historical developments of thin film physics written by one of the fathers of thin film technology, Professor M. Auwärter.
Author: Roger J. Mortimer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527336109
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 668
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Book Description
Electrochromic materials can change their properties under the influence of an electrical voltage or current. Different classes of materials show this behavior such as transition metal oxides, conjugated polymers, metal-coordinated complexes and organic molecules. As the color change is persistent, the electric field needs only to be applied to initiate the switching, allowing for applications such as low-energy consumption displays, light-adapting mirrors in the automobile industry and smart windows for which the amount of transmitted light and heat can be controlled. The first part of this book describes the different classes and processing techniques of electrochromic materials. The second part highlights nanostructured electrochromic materials and device fabrication, and the third part focuses on the applications such as smart windows, adaptive camouflage, biomimicry, wearable displays and fashion. The last part rounds off the book by device case studies and environmental impact issues.
