National Laboratories: are Their R&D Activities Related to Commercial Product Development?. PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commercial products
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commercial products
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Author: U S Government Accountability Office (G
Publisher: BiblioGov
ISBN: 9781289288679
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the extent that the Department of Energy's national laboratories are engaged in basic and applied research or in research related to commercial product development. GAO found that: (1) the laboratories devoted more than half of their research and development (R&D) funds to commercial product development during fiscal year (FY) 1992; (2) most of the laboratories' development work was devoted to defense research; (3) less than half of the laboratories' resources were spent on basic and applied research in FY 1992; (4) the laboratories produced 21,593 publications and reports and 2,510 products related to commercial product development in FY 1992; (5) publications and reports are the primary mechanism for disseminating the results of R&D activities; (6) although the potential exists for the laboratories to develop commercial product-related outputs, it is unknown whether the laboratories will achieve commercial applications for their outputs because they are still several years away from market entry; (7) cooperative R&D agreements between the laboratories and industry are increasing, with 17 agreements in FY 1989 and 196 agreements in FY 1992; (8) 74.1 percent of the laboratories' R&D expenditures in FY 1992 were for technologies identified as vital to national needs; (9) Congress has formed a panel to identify critical technologies essential for the nation's long-term security; and (10) over half of the commercial product development program managers expect clear evidence of the potential for commercial product development to emerge by FY 1997.
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commercial products
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Author: Robert E. White
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9780788126345
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Considers how the national laboratories of the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DoE) can best be focused to help solve the problems the U.S. faces in the 1990s. Includes an inventory of the human and capital resources housed in the national laboratories that will provide baseline data for future reports on a number of DoE laboratory policy issues. Addresses the Committee's interest in the current balance of the research effort in the 10 laboratories' research programs. Examines the extent to which the national laboratories are engaged now in basic and applied research or in research related to commercial product development. Charts and tables.
Author: Sally A Rood
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351786369
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
This title was first published in 2000: Due to budget cuts and competitiveness pressures, determining the outcome of technology transfer from government R&D laboratories to private industry and entrepreneurial start-ups is of increasing interest. This book presents a series of case studies of successful technology transfer by examining the same list of topics for each case. It presents a format for analyzing the cases, topic by topic - a methodology that could be used by any R&D laboratory. The book also goes one step further and compares the cases that took place prior to national technology transfer legislation with those cases that took place after passage of such legislation. An additional feature is the summary of existing attempts to measure and evaluate technology transfer. This follows a backgroudn section on the technology policy context. The analysis finds that there is a significant commercial impact from government laboratory transfer using this approach.
Author: Committee on Foreign Participation in U.S. Research and Development
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309521548
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
During the past decade, foreign participation in U.S. research and development--through acquisition of R&D-intensive businesses, links with universities, and other arrangements--has expanded rapidly. This emergence of foreign influence has drawn a mixed response--some regard the trend as a positive corollary to the expanding involvement of U.S.-owned companies in national markets abroad. Others consider it a net liability for Americans that often benefits foreign companies and their home economies at U.S. expense. There exists a large gap in expert and public understanding of the drivers, nature, and consequences of foreign participation in the nation's technology enterprise. This volume seeks to close this gap and reviews The nature of R&D activities and how they contribute to economic development. The causes, scope, and nature of foreign involvement in U.S.-based R&D activity and the associated costs, risks, benefits, and opportunities of this trend. The merits and liabilities of policies to regulate foreign R&D participation.
Author: Fred L. Block
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317251423
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
The worst economic crisis since the Great Depression has generated a fundamental re-evaluation of the free-market policies that have dominated American politics for three decades. State of Innovation brings together critical essays looking at the 'innovation industry' in the context of the current crisis. The book shows how government programs and policies have underpinned technological innovation in the US economy over the last four decades, despite the strength of 'free market' political rhetoric. The contributors provide new insights into where innovations come from and how governments can support a dynamic innovation economy as the US recovers from a profound economic crisis. State of Innovation outlines a 21st century policy paradigm that will foster cutting-edge innovation which remains accountable to the public.
Author: Stephen I. Schwartz
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 9780815722946
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 750
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Book Description
Since 1945, the United States has manufactured and deployed more than 70,000 nuclear weapons to deter and if necessary fight a nuclear war. Some observers believe the absence of a third world war confirms that these weapons were a prudent and cost-effective response to the uncertainty and fear surrounding the Soviet Union's military and political ambitions during the cold war. As early as 1950, nuclear weapons were considered relatively inexpensive— providing "a bigger bang for a buck"—and were thoroughly integrated into U.S. forces on that basis. Yet this assumption was never validated. Indeed, for more than fifty years scant attention has been paid to the enormous costs of this effort—more than $5 trillion thus far—and its short and long-term consequences for the nation. Based on four years of extensive research, Atomic Audit is the first book to document the comprehensive costs of U.S. nuclear weapons, assembling for the first time anywhere the actual and estimated expenditures for the program since its creation in 1940. The authors provide a unique perspective on U.S. nuclear policy and nuclear weapons, tracking their development from the Manhattan Project of World War II to the present day and assessing each aspect of the program, including research, development, testing, and production; deployment; command, control, communications, and intelligence; and defensive measures. They also examine the costs of dismantling nuclear weapons, the management and disposal of large quantities of toxic and radioactive wastes left over from their production, compensation for persons harmed by nuclear weapons activities, nuclear secrecy, and the economic implications of nuclear deterrence. Utilizing archival and newly declassified government documents and data, this richly documented book demonstrates how a variety of factors—the open-ended nature of nuclear deterrence, faulty assumptions about the cost-effectiveness of nuclear weapons, regular misrepresentati
