Molecular Epidemiology and Population Structure of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains in Tuberculosis Patients PDF Download
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Author: Mebrat Kitata
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789057287565
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Mebrat Kitata
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789057287565
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Yogendra Shah
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839680997
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by the infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a major global public health problem that infects one third of the world’s population. This book provides an overview of the molecular epidemiology pattern, transmission dynamics, host response, evolution, and pathogenesis mechanisms of TB. Chapters explore such topics as mechanisms associated with increasing trends of drug-resistant TB, the development of anti-mycobacterial drugs, genotyping tools, diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, and more.
Author: Sebastien Gagneux
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319643711
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
Until about 10 years ago, the general view in the field was that Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis was a “clone” with insufficient natural sequence variation between clinical strains to be considered biologically and epidemiologically “relevant”. This view has now changed quite dramatically thanks to the –omics revolution, particularly the advent of next generation DNA sequencing. Large-scale comparative genomic studies over the last few years have revealed that M. tuberculosis clinical strains are more genetically diverse than appreciated previously. Moreover, an increasing number of experimental and epidemiological studies are showing that this genetic diversity also translates into important phenotypic variation. Taken together, these findings have led to a paradigm shift, such that currently phylogenetic diversity among M. tuberculosis clinical strains is being considered in the development of new tools to combat tuberculosis. The purpose of this book is to bring together a series of contributions from some of the most influential groups working on various aspects of M. tuberculosis diversity, and which through their work have contributed to the this paradigm shift. This includes authors focusing on the evolution of M. tuberculosis in relation to other members of the M. tuberculosis complex adapted to animals, the co-evolution between M. tuberculosis and humans, the phenotypic consequences of strains diversity both from an experimental and epidemiological point of view, the ecology and evolution of drug resistant tuberculosis, the diversity and evolution of the BCG vaccine strains, and the use of mathematical modelling to study strain diversity and drug resistance in human tuberculosis. No such book has ever been published, and given the paradigm shift described above, this book will be a valuable resource both for established researchers as well as new scientists, clinicians and public health officials joining the growing field of tuberculosis research.
Author: Weimin Li
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832535984
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
Addressing the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is crucial to reduce morbidity, mortality, and health-care burden. Cases of confirmed drug-resistant TB have almost doubled over the past decade. Drug resistance represents one of leading causes of death among TB patients and is responsible for approximately one-third of TB-related deaths worldwide, which is associated with TB recurrence and transmission. In recent years, the emerging molecular epidemiology methods have attributed to better TB management. For example, in many settings, studies using molecular epidemiology methods have demonstrated the recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB) strains. However, the transmission patterns of drug-resistant TB in most low- and middle- income developing countries remain unclear. Traditional transmission models based on clinical and epidemiological parameters were not sufficient to identify potential risk factors. By using molecular epidemiology analysis, further insights can be gained into the association between M. TB isolates and epidemic populations. This makes molecular epidemiology studies effective measures to establish phylogenetic relationships with clinical patients, identify clusters and track TB transmission. Studies investigating clinical and molecular epidemiology will provide theoretical basis and scientific strategy for TB prevention and control. We hope to address the TB-associated health-care burden, and the current insufficient or imprecise control strategies for TB management. More importantly, we would like to discuss more efficient approaches in this field with the development of molecular epidemiology method and share insights to reduce TB burden.
Author: Wellman Ribón
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535121391
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Progress obtained by mycobacteriology in recent years is undeniable with regards to preventing, detecting, and treating cases of tuberculosis, millennial disease that is still present as public health issue worldwide. We present here high-impact research and interest topics related to the application of new methodologies, especially molecular methods for rapid diagnostic such as rapid DST, application of high performance liquid chromatography, molecular epidemiology and molecular diagnostic testing on post mortem. Currently, the constant search for vaccines that prevent the disease is promising through research of the immune response generated by the host towards the bacterium, and the effectiveness that may be achieved from developed vaccines. Another high-impact factor is the one generated by considering tuberculosis as a social disease with an infectious component reflected in research about tuberculosis and human rights. Finally, we present important issues of the pathogen interaction with different hosts. The constant knowledge generation that expands the frontiers of understanding is a key factor for finding solutions and successful activities for public health.
Author: Dorothee Heemskerk
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319191322
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
This work contains updated and clinically relevant information about tuberculosis. It is aimed at providing a succinct overview of history and disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and the most recent scientific developments in the field of tuberculosis research, with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. It may serve as a practical resource for students, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of infectious diseases.
Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1027
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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author: Olabisi Olaniyi Ojo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tuberculosis
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
This thesis concerns the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Southwest Ireland (Counties Cork and Kerry). Tuberculosis incidence in Ireland peaked in the late 1800s but remained more common than in neighbouring European countries until the introduction of effective therapy in the 1950s. In the past decade in Ireland tuberculosis in cattle has increased and tuberculosis in humans has stopped declining. The highest incidence nationwide in 2006 was in the Cork-Kerry region where isolates from patients have not previously been typed with the methods described. Eleven human Mycobacterium bovis isolates, 1998-2006, and 171 M. tuberculosis isolates, 2004-2006, were genotyped using Spoligotyping, Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) and Region of Difference (RD) typing schemes. Combined Spoligotyping and VNTR typing provided maximum discrimination. The most common M. bovis genotype found in animals, SB0140, was also the most common in humans. The majority (84%) of genotyped M. tuberculosis strains belonged to the Euro-American lineage. The predominant spoligotype (ST0351), rarely reported elsewhere, was associated with infection in persons of Irish descent, 41% of which was represented by strains of a single VNTR type. It is likely this strain has expanded recently. Overall, clusters of isolates sharing the same spoligotype and VNTR type (suggesting recent transmission chains) were significantly associated with persons under fifty-five years old and Irish nationality. Isolates from foreign-born persons were less likely to cluster. In 2007, a tuberculosis outbreak affected eighteen children under five and two adults, at two creches in Cork. Genotyping of the outbreak strains showed all eight isolates obtained belonged to the predominant ST0351-VNTR type, indistinguishable by microarray{u2013}based comparative genomic hybridization, thus confirming public health investigations. No RDs associated with increased virulence were detected. Whole genome sequencing analysis of the outbreak strains revealed 1042 putative single nucleotide variations compared with H37Rv, which will allow further phylogenetic assignment.
Author: Glennah Kerubo Mangaa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Peter R. Donald
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805596278
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major infectious diseases of mankind although drugs for its treatment have been available for nearly 60 years. The standard short-course 6-month regimen used since about 1980 has helped to save millions of lives, but co-infection with HIV has had a devastating effect on the epidemic, and multidrug-resistant TB is a growing problem, particularly in communities with a high incidence of HIV. Following the declaration by the WHO in the early 1990s that TB was a 'global health emergency', interest in TB research and the development of new drugs has increased significantly. This volume reviews anti-TB chemotherapy with the emphasis on the actions and pharmacology of existing drugs and the development and evaluation of new agents. A close look is taken at new research regarding our existing drugs by some of the best-known specialists in the field, and historical aspects of these agents are reviewed from a modern perspective. The prospects for the introduction of new drugs and different approaches of how to assess them in adults and in children are discussed in detail. Several papers address the problems associated with drug resistance, its spread and diagnosis. Compiled by two editors from Cape Town, which has a particularly high incidence of TB and is a centre of tuberculosis research, this publication is an indispensable reference for anyone involved in the management of TB either as a researcher, clinician or administrator, and those working in drug development.
