Preventing Low Birthweight

Preventing Low Birthweight PDF Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309035309
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Book Description
Despite recent declines in infant mortality, the rates of low birthweight deliveries in the United States continue to be high. Part I of this volume defines the significance of the problems, presents current data on risk factors and etiology, and reviews recent state and national trends in the incidence of low birthweight among various groups. Part II describes the preventive approaches found most desirable and considers their costs. Research needs are discussed throughout the volume.

Low-Birthweight Baby: Born Too Soon or Too Small

Low-Birthweight Baby: Born Too Soon or Too Small PDF Author: N.D. Embleton
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318027693
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 186

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Book Description
Low birthweight, caused by premature birth, poor intrauterine growth, or both, is known to be a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality risks in the first year of life and beyond. It has to be born in mind, though, that premature infants may need different clinical and nutritional interventions and are at risk for different morbidities than those small for gestational age. This publication focuses on three main subjects: Global epidemiology, catch-up growth, and feeding practices. These topics have been selected to provide a solid contextual basis for the nature and extent of the problem, highlighting changes in prevalence and risk across different healthcare settings: The available data strongly suggest that growth outcomes are dependent on a multitude of environmental factors that interact with nutrient intakes. Epidemiology, modern technology and the latest science are brought together to promote a better understanding of the short- and long-term needs and outcomes of low-birthweight babies, depending on whether they are born too small or too early.

Preterm Birth

Preterm Birth PDF Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030910159X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 791

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Book Description
The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.

Little Babies, Born Too Soon, Born Too Small

Little Babies, Born Too Soon, Born Too Small PDF Author: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Infants
Languages : en
Pages : 20

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Book Description


The Role of Environmental Hazards in Premature Birth

The Role of Environmental Hazards in Premature Birth PDF Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309166810
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Book Description
Each year in the United States approximately 440,000 babies are born premature. These infants are at greater risk of death, and are more likely to suffer lifelong medical complications than full-term infants. Clinicians and researchers have made vast improvements in treating preterm birth; however, little success has been attained in understanding and preventing preterm birth. Understanding the complexity of interactions underlying preterm birth will be needed if further gains in outcomes are expected. The Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine sponsored a workshop to understand the biological mechanism of normal labor and delivery, and how environmental influences, as broadly defined, can interact with the processes of normal pregnancy to result in preterm birth. This report is a summary of the main themes presented by the speakers and participants.

Reducing Birth Defects

Reducing Birth Defects PDF Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309166837
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 270

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Book Description
Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.

Guidelines on Optimal Feeding of Low Birth Weight Infants in Low- And Middle-Income Countries

Guidelines on Optimal Feeding of Low Birth Weight Infants in Low- And Middle-Income Countries PDF Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241548366
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 58

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Book Description
The Department of Child and Adolescent Health has developed guidelines on optimal feeding of low birth weight infants in low- and middle-income countries. These guidelines include recommendations on what to feed low-birth weight infants, when to start feeding, how to feed, how often and how much to feed. The guidelines were developed using the process described in the WHO Handbook for Development of Guidelines. Systematic reviews were conducted to answer 18 priority questions identified by the guidelines development group. The population of interest is low-birth weight infants, and the critical outcomes include mortality, severe morbidity, growth and development. The implementation of these guidelines in low- and middle-income countries is expected to improve care and survival of low birth weight infants.

Science and Babies

Science and Babies PDF Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309041368
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 183

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Book Description
By all indicators, the reproductive health of Americans has been deteriorating since 1980. Our nation is troubled by rates of teen pregnancies and newborn deaths that are worse than almost all others in the Western world. Science and Babies is a straightforward presentation of the major reproductive issues we face that suggests answers for the public. The book discusses how the clash of opinions on sex and family planning prevents us from making a national commitment to reproductive health; why people in the United States have fewer contraceptive choices than those in many other countries; what we need to do to improve social and medical services for teens and people living in poverty; how couples should "shop" for a fertility service and make consumer-wise decisions; and what we can expect in the futureâ€"featuring interesting accounts of potential scientific advances.

Small for Gestational Age

Small for Gestational Age PDF Author: Wieland Kiess
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805586574
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 177

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Book Description
Intrauterine growth restriction in the human, the origin of many serious medical, ethical, socioeconomic and humanitarian issues, still needs in-depth studies.The current volume presents the latest research results and offers detailed discussions on clinical care. The term small for gestational age (SGA) is defined and manifestations of prenatal growth retardation and its etiology are described. Special emphasis is placed on the role of genetic defects, in particular in the IGF/GH axis. Besides, not only the immediate consequences for SGA neonates and their clinical care are examined, but also possible sequelae in childhood. A study of utmost importance considers the neurological and intellectual consequences for SGA children. It is further revealed that fetal growth restriction can adversely affect health well into adulthood, and increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. Finally, interesting insights into the causes and consequences of low birth weight in developing countries are provided.This publication is a must for pediatricians, neonatologists, obstetricians and endocrinologists, as well as anyone interested in embryology, genetics, diabetes, clinical nutrition, molecular biology and neuroendocrinology.

Low Birthweight

Low Birthweight PDF Author: Tessa M. Wardlaw
Publisher: UNICEF
ISBN: 9280638327
Category : Birth weight, Low
Languages : en
Pages : 31

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Book Description
Presents country, regional and global estimates of low birthweight for 2000, together with a detailed description of the methodology used. Some limited data on trends are also included.