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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Community-based corrections
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Community-based corrections
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Author: Preston Elrod
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN: 9780763733070
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
Thoroughly updated and revised, the Second Edition of Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical, and Legal Perspective, offers readers a comprehensive volume on how the juvenile justice system works. This book is designed to help readers understand the complexities of the present juvenile justice system by presenting a thorough examination of the social, historical, and legal context within which delinquency and juvenile justice occurs. In addition to gaining valuable knowledge on the juvenile justice process, readers will learn how the different parts of the process are interrelated, how decisions made in one case influence future cases, and the laws that direct juvenile justice policy.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309278937
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309278902
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172357
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Author: United States
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Federal aid to youth services
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: Ann H. Crowe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic government information
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author: Gordon Bazemore
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134017715
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
Provides an overview of the restorative justice conferencing programs currently in operation in the United States, paying particular attention to the qualitative dimensions of this, based on interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observation.
Author: Alida V. Merlo
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1351618385
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
Police Interrogation of Juveniles -- Fare v. Michael C. (1979) -- Yarborough v. Alvarado (2004) -- J.D.B. v. North Carolina (2011) -- Juveniles Waiving Their Rights -- Kids for Cash -- Preventive Detention for Juveniles -- Schall v. Martin (1984) -- Search and Seizure Protections for Juveniles -- School Searches -- New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) -- Safford Unified School District #1 v. Redding (2009) -- Dispositions for Juveniles: Death Penalty Cases -- Eddings v. Oklahoma (1982) -- Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988) -- Stanford v. Kentucky (1989) and Wilkins v. Missouri (1989) -- Roper v. Simmons (2005) -- Juvenile Life Without Parole Sentences -- Graham v. Florida (2010) -- Miller v. Alabama (2012) -- Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016) -- Juvenile Sentencing: Eighth Amendment Cases -- The Persistence of Life Sentences and the Challenges of Reform -- Conclusion -- 4 From Superpredator to Traumatized Youth -- Neuroscience and Adolescent Brain Development -- Victimization and Exposure to Violence -- Cycle of Violence -- Defending Childhood -- Trauma -- Systemic Trauma -- Crossover Youth -- Developing a Trauma-Informed Juvenile Justice System -- Conclusion -- 5 Creating Sanctuary and Treating Trauma -- Creating Sanctuary -- Sanctuary Model in Residential Treatment -- Harborcreek Youth Services: A Sanctuary Environment -- Changing the Culture -- Staff Response to Sanctuary -- Client Response to Sanctuary -- Expressive Therapies -- Conclusion -- 6 Challenges in Reaffirming Juvenile Justice -- Age as Proxy: When Are Juveniles Adults and Who Decides? -- Prosecutorial Discretion or Direct File -- "Raise the Age" Initiatives -- Race and Disproportionate Minority Contact -- Legal Defense for Juveniles -- Right to Appeal -- Conditions of Confinement -- Juvenile Incarceration and Long Prison Sentences -- Conclusion -- Epilogue -- Index
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
