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Author: Marcos Cervantes
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494593189
Category : Double taxation
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
The concept of "beneficial ownership" is frequently used in international tax treaties. The concept is applied in situations where taxpayers may be benefiting indirectly from the advantages a particular treaty provides by interposing a corporation in a "tax-favourable jurisdiction" for the purpose of paying less tax than the corporation might pay in other jurisdictions. This corporate behaviour is called "treaty shopping." Recent constructions of the term "beneficial ownership" in legal literature and case law, and by national tax agencies have been contradictory. Thus, there is a need for clarification both in Canada and internationally. The author of the thesis comes to the conclusion that a new definition is not desirable and that a strict interpretation of the current concept is the lesser evil. However, he argues that, if the concept is to be effectively used to tackle the kinds of arrangements it was intended to challenge, the assistance of a substance-over-form component is inevitable. He proposes some ways this component might be developed.
Author: Marcos Cervantes
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494593189
Category : Double taxation
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
The concept of "beneficial ownership" is frequently used in international tax treaties. The concept is applied in situations where taxpayers may be benefiting indirectly from the advantages a particular treaty provides by interposing a corporation in a "tax-favourable jurisdiction" for the purpose of paying less tax than the corporation might pay in other jurisdictions. This corporate behaviour is called "treaty shopping." Recent constructions of the term "beneficial ownership" in legal literature and case law, and by national tax agencies have been contradictory. Thus, there is a need for clarification both in Canada and internationally. The author of the thesis comes to the conclusion that a new definition is not desirable and that a strict interpretation of the current concept is the lesser evil. However, he argues that, if the concept is to be effectively used to tackle the kinds of arrangements it was intended to challenge, the assistance of a substance-over-form component is inevitable. He proposes some ways this component might be developed.
Author: Angelika Meindl-Ringler
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041168397
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
In international tax law, the term ‘beneficial ownership’ refers to which parties involved in a cross-border transaction are entitled to tax treaty benefits. However, determining beneficial ownership is a complex and often disputed issue, subject to different meanings in different countries. Archival research on its early use in tax treaties and in the developing OECD Model reveals that its meaning has changed dramatically over the decades, leading to new interpretations significantly affecting current tax practice and scholarship. This book, dedicated to establishing how beneficial ownership should ideally be interpreted, compares the use and interpretation of benefi-cial ownership, both current and historical, in a wide range of national jurisdictions as well as the EU, ultimately shedding a clearer light than has heretofore been available on the meaning of the term. In her very thorough analysis of the application of beneficial ownership, the author touches on such aspects as the following: – historical development of the beneficial ownership requirement as used in tax treaties and in the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital; – rules of double taxation conventions; – application of the OECD’s Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit-Shifting (BEPS); – the problem of so-called ‘white income’; – use of the substance-over-form principle; – attribution-of-income rules; and – the role of agents, nominees, and conduit companies. Specific analysis of the use and interpretation of beneficial ownership in a domestic law and treaty context in numerous jurisdictions – with particular emphasis on the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, and Germany – is a major feature of the presentation. As a thorough guide to determining whether a person claiming tax treaty benefits is the true owner – and which parties are excluded from treaty benefits and to what extent – this book will be of immeasurable value to lawyers, tax authorities, policymakers, and other professionals working with taxable international transactions of any kind.
Author: Michael Lang, Pasquale Pistone, Josef Schuch, Claus Staringer and Alfred Storck
Publisher: IBFD
ISBN: 9087222009
Category : Conflict of laws
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
The concept of beneficial ownership is frequently called one of the most decisive questions in international tax law. Despite this fact, neither scholars nor courts have found a generally accepted definition. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments concerning the concept of beneficial ownership. Highly renowned tax experts both from academia and practice analyse the most important decisions recently made by courts around the world. Moreover, the recently published OECD Discussion Draft on the meaning of beneficial ownership is being taken into account and the meaning of the term "beneficial owner" used in European tax law in comparison to its meaning in tax treaty law is being assessed. The authors not only draw a better picture of the status quo but also enhance the discussion of the future meaning of the term "beneficial owner".
Author: Jinyan Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Beneficial owner is one of the most important concepts used in tax treaties. It limits the benefit of treaty-reduced withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties to recipients who are beneficial owners of such income. The term has been adopted in most bilateral tax treaties, but defined in none. Its meaning is thus left to be interpreted under Art. 3(2) of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital (the Model). Because the term has no specific meaning in the domestic tax law of most countries, the way in which domestic courts should interpret this treaty-originated concept has been the subject of much scholarly debate.
Author: Kuźniacki, Błażej
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1802206078
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
This authoritative book provides a structural, global view of evolving judicial and doctrinal trends in the understanding of beneficial ownership in international taxation. Błażej Kuźniacki presents a route towards an international autonomous meaning of beneficial ownership, while also offering a comprehensive explanation of the divergent understandings and tax policy arguments underpinning its continuing ambiguity.
Author: D.A. Rossetti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This article discusses a series of recent Italian Supreme Court judgments that serve as an important milestone in the interpretation of the concept of beneficial owner (particularly as it applies to static holding companies) and help to close the gap between Italian and international rules. It also considers Danisch, Canadian and Korean cases.
Author: Stefanus Philippus Meyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The term???beneficial ownership??? is included in numerous tax treaties that are concluded between countries today but the majority of these treaties do not define the term. The purpose of this study is four fold. Firstly, to investigate what the meaning is of the term???beneficial owner??? for tax treaty purposes? Secondly, what factors should be taken into account to determine the beneficial owner, if any? Thirdly, what the meaning of the term???beneficial ownership??? is in the context of those tax treaties where the term has been incorporated, and lastly, if the term???beneficial owner??? should have a domestic law, international tax or tax treaty meaning? The study was conducted by reviewing various articles, opinions, court cases and government publications, that deals with the issues raised in the preceding paragraph, and then to identify if there are answers to these questions that were raised? The study concludes that there is no concrete on-line definition for the term???beneficial owner??? and that various factors need to be considered in support of the term. The Chinese revenue authority has recently issued various circulars, setting out various factors that need to be considered in an attempt to identify the beneficial owner. Equally important is the factors that need to be considered as set out in the???Limitation on Benefits' clause that appears in most US tax treaties. The study also concludes that the findings of the Court in the Indofood International Finance Ltd v JP Morgan Chase Bank NA regarding the fact that the term???beneficial owner??? should have an international fiscal meaning is appropriate. Although there are counter arguments supporting the fact that an domestic tax law meaning pertaining to the specific taxes should prevail over any other meaning or that the term should be interpreted in a purely treaty framework, and not be referenced to domestic law, where there is a well established international law meaning for the term, an international fiscal meaning will result in a more consistent interpretation between Contracting States and limit misinterpretation due to differences in tax and legal systems. AFRIKAANS : Die term???voordelige eienaar??? is ingesluit in menige belasting ooreenkomste wat tussen lande gesluit word vandag, maar die meerderheid van hierdie ooreenkomste, definieer nie die term???voordelige eienaar??? in die ooreenkoms nie. Die doel van hierdie studie is vier voudig. Eerstens, om vas te stel wat die betekenis van die term???voordelige eienaar??? vir belasting ooreenkoms doeleindis is. Tweedens, watter faktore inaggeneem moet word in die vasstelling van die betokens van die term???voordelige eienaar???, indien enige. Derdens, wat die betekenis van die term???voordelige eienaar??? is in die belasting ooreenkomste waar die term reeds gen︠k︡orporeer is en laastens, of die term???voordelige eienaar??? 'n nasionale, internasionale of belasting ooreenkoms betekenis moet h??. Die studie is uitgevoer deur artikels, opinies, hofsake en regering's publikasies te hersien, wat met die vrae wat in die vorige paragraaf aangespreeks is handel, en om dan te identifiseer of daar antwoorde is op die vrae wat geopper is? In die die studie wat gedoen is is gevind dat daar tans geen vaste een-lyn definisie is vir die term???voordelige eienaar??? nie, en dat menigde faktore inaggeneem moet word ter ondersteuning van die term. Die Chinese Belastingowerheid het onlangs menigde Omskrywings uitgereik wat menigde fatore uiteensit wat oorweeg moet word in 'n poging om die voordelige eienaar te identifiseer. Ewe belangrik is die faktore wat oorweeg moet word soos uiteengesit in die???beperking op voordele??? klousule wat in meeste Verenigde State van Amerika belasting ooreenkomste voorkom. Die studie het ook gevind dat die bevinding deur die Hof in die???Indofood International Finance Ltd v JP Morgan Chase Bank NA??? saak rakende die feit dat die term???voordelige eienaar??? 'n internasionale fiskale betekenis moet he toepaslik is. Alhoewel teen argumente ter ondersteuning is van die feit dat 'n nasionale belasting wetgewing betekenis rakende die spesifieke belasting voorkeer moet kry bo enige ander mening van die term???voordelige eienaar??? of dat die term uitsluitlik in 'n belasting ooreenkoms hoedanigheid gen︠t︡reperteer moet word, en nie moet verwys na nasional wetgewing waar daar reeds 'n goed gevestigde internasionale wetgewing betekenis vir die term is nie, sal 'n internasionale fiskale betekenis 'n meer konsekwente interpretasie tussen Kontrakterende State tot gevolg h?? en die verkeerde interpretasie as gevolg van verskille in belasting sisteme en wetgewing voorkom.
Author: C. Hamra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The interpretation of the concept of 'beneficial ownership' in the field of cross-border taxation is the subject of dispute among the international community. From 1977 onwards, a major question is how beneficial ownership should be defined for tax treaty purposes. After the concept of beneficial ownership was included in the EU's Interest and Royalties Directives, the same question arose for the interpretation of the concept from an EU perspective. The authors examine both the OECD and EU concepts separately from a historical and teleological perspective and attempt to find common grounds for interpretation, especially after the European Court of Justice judgment in the Danish cases. They conclude their research by suggesting potential ways forward for a better alignment of the OECD's and EU's interpretation of the beneficial ownership concept.
Author: Nokuthula Ntshele
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Double taxation
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Author: Oktavia Weidmann
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403523840
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 676
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Book Description
Derivatives stand at the forefront of financial innovation, continually evolving to accommodate new asset classes and risk categories. In the past decade, the growing popularity of cryptoassets and ESG investments has sparked the development of a variety of innovative investment strategies and risk management tools, including crypto and ESG derivatives and related structured products. This new edition has similarly evolved. Using illustrative examples, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the key tax issues associated with derivatives and cryptoassets in domestic and cross-border transactions and presents approaches that tax legislators could adopt to solve them. The new edition also comments on recent trends in global tax policy, such as the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) 1.0 and 2.0 projects. Throughout the book, specific references are made to UK, German, and Swiss tax law. The updated edition addresses the following topics: economic and financial properties of derivatives and cryptoassets; definition of derivatives for tax purposes and its application to crypto derivatives and ESG derivatives, among others; accounting treatment of derivatives and cryptoassets under IFRS, UK, German and US GAAP; current tax legislation and policy alternatives to the taxation of derivatives and cryptoassets; characterisation of derivatives gains and losses as income or capital, and equity or debt; accounting and taxation treatment of hedging transactions involving derivatives or cryptoassets; accounting and taxation rules applying to structured products and hybrid instruments, including crypto and ESG-linked structured products; withholding taxes on derivatives and the concept of beneficial ownership in domestic and cross-border transactions; and anti-avoidance legislation applying to derivatives and cryptoassets, including the domestic law implementation of BEPS Action 2, the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directives (ATAD I and II), the tax transparency rules for cryptoassets (DAC8) and Pillar Two. This comprehensive book analyses recent developments in three intertwined areas of expertise: financial products, accounting and tax law. It will be a valuable resource to tax professionals in their daily practice of advising companies, banks and investment funds. It will also be of interest to government officials and researchers engaged in the taxation of derivatives, cryptoassets, and ESG investment products.
