Author: Jordy Sarmas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Enhanced oil recovery
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Controlled salinity water flooding has shown to be a promising enhanced recovery method that can reduce residual oil saturation. Currently, no unified criterion exists to explain the mechanisms by which this form of water-flooding leads to higher oil recovery. Research on the subject attributes the results to complex rock/fluid and fluid/fluid interactions. Wettability alteration is used to characterize rock/fluid interactions, while rheology can characterize fluid/fluid interactions in dynamical systems. High interfacial viscoelasticity has shown to suppress snap- off, improve oil phase connectivity, and consequently increase oil recoveries. However, the relationships between the surface-active components of the crude oil and the brine ions remains unclear. Regarding components in crude oil, asphaltenes have been reported to contribute to interface strengthening, while naphthenic acids and other organic acids induce softening. On the other hand, mainly polyvalent cations, also called active ions, can induce a more rigid interface. The effect of anions on the phenomena has gone essentially unexplored. Tensiometry and rheology techniques were used to evaluate the effect of different anions on the conformation of the crude oil/brine interface, both in low- and high-salinity regimes. Experiments using pendant drop tensiometers and dilatational rheometers show that as the size and complexity of the anions increase, the interfacial film becomes more resistant to deformation. In addition, a liquid bridge technique was used to estimate the stability of the crude oil/water interface. A good connection with rheology and tensiometry results was established. Finally, further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which this occurs.
Author: Donghao Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Author: Mariyamni Awang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811036500
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 793
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Book Description
This book presents the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrated Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences 2016 (ICIPEG 2016), held under the banner of World Engineering, Science & Technology Congress (ESTCON 2016) at Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre from August 15 to 17, 2016. It presents peer-reviewed research articles on exploration, while also exploring a new area: shale research. In this time of low oil prices, it highlights findings to maintain the exchange of knowledge between researchers, serving as a vital bridge-builder between engineers, geoscientists, academics, and industry.
Author: David Andrew Rowland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Petroleum
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Author: Lilianna Z. Pillon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420051001
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
With mounting pressure to extract petroleum from oil sands and other unconventional sources, oil refineries must adapt their processing methods to handle increasingly heavy crude oils. Unlike traditional crude oils, the properties of heavier crude oils include higher viscosity, metal, salt, and acid content. This causes their interfacial properties to deteriorate, leading to problems such as sedimentation, foaming, emulsification, rust, and corrosion—all of which make the manufacture, transportation, and storage of petroleum products more difficult. Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products examines conventional and non-conventional processing techniques for crude oils and documents their effects on the composition and properties of petroleum products at the oil/solid, oil/air, oil/water and oil/metal interfaces. Focusing on surface activity, the author examines the undesirable effects of processes such as solvent extraction, desalting, dewaxing, catalyst deactivation, and hydroprocessing as well as trace element and water contamination. With each process, the author presents methods for improving interfacial properties, including the use of surface-active additives, demulsifiers, antifoaming agents, and corrosion/rust inhibitors. A distinctive and up-to-date source of materials published together for the first time, Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products will help engineers design more cost-effective and resource-efficient processing methods for heavier crude oils, based on the properties of the crude oil extracted.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Author: Amy Michelle Brandvik
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124437484
Category : Emulsions
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
The FTA 1000 oscillating pendant drop apparatus was modified and used to measure the dilational elasticity modulus and interfacial tension of Gibbs crude oil in different dilutions of NaCl and CaCl2 brines. The brine samples were diluted by 100, 500 and 1000 parts from an initial ionic strength of 0.6724M. The crude oil samples were not diluted, but used at full strength. Measurements were conducted at both 25 and 50°C to understand the effects of crude oil viscosity on dilational elasticity modulus values. Results showed that although dynamic moduli values for Gibbs crude oil depended on temperature, aging time, brine composition and brine ionic strength, interfacial tension and rate of changes of interfacial tension values displayed little variations. The interfaces formed from the monovalent brines appeared to be slightly more rigid, although all interfaces tested were highly elastic. The elastic nature of oil-water interfaces immersed in both monovalent and divalent brines were similar at the initial ionic strength of 0.6724M, but diverged with brine dilution. Diluted divalent brines affected the Gibbs oil interface formation and dynamic moduli properties more strongly that diluted monovalent brines, and lead to increased interface growth. It appears that there may exist a kinetic rate of film formation that is affected by temperature during aging. Finally, as the dynamic moduli created a wide array of results while interfacial tension changed little, dynamic modulus values are an important consideration for any oil recovery system, as fluids move in a dynamic fashion. The outcomes of this research may explain related stability results, namely that lower ionic strength brines form more stable emulsions for Gibbs field oil as well as for other crude oils previously examined. These results might impact the interpretation of several enhanced oil recovery processes.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 2018
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Book Description
Author: Robert J. Hunter
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483214087
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
Zeta Potential in Colloid Science: Principles and Applications covers the concept of the zeta potential in colloid chemical theory. The book discusses the charge and potential distribution at interfaces; the calculation of the zeta potential; and the experimental techniques used in the measurement of electrokinetic parameters. The text also describes the electroviscous and viscoelectric effects; applications of the zeta potential to areas of colloid science; and the influence of simple inorganic ions or more complex adsorbates on zeta potential. Physical chemists and people involved in the study of colloid science will find the book useful.
Author: Georgios M. Kontogeorgis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118881214
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Colloid and Surface Chemistry is a subject of immense importance and implications both to our everyday life and numerous industrial sectors, ranging from coatings and materials to medicine and biotechnology. How do detergents really clean? (Why can't we just use water?) Why is milk "milky"? Why do we use eggs so often for making sauces? Can we deliver drugs in better and controlled ways? Coating industries wish to manufacture improved coatings e.g. for providing corrosion resistance, which are also environmentally friendly i.e. less based on organic solvents and if possible exclusively on water. Food companies want to develop healthy, tasty but also long-lasting food products which appeal to the environmental authorities and the consumer. Detergent and enzyme companies are working to develop improved formulations which clean more persistent stains, at lower temperatures and amounts, to the benefit of both the environment and our pocket. Cosmetics is also big business! Creams, lotions and other personal care products are really just complex emulsions. All of the above can be explained by the principles and methods of colloid and surface chemistry. A course on this topic is truly valuable to chemists, chemical engineers, biologists, material and food scientists and many more.
