In-situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Investigation of Transient Nanostructure of Multi-phase Polymer Materials Under Mechanical Deformation PDF Download
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Author: Ahmad Zeinolebadi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642354130
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
The results in this dissertation set the ground to answer a fundamental question in data-driven polymer material science: "Why don't prepared composites show less fatigue than the pure plastics?" A simultaneous analysis of mechanical testing and small angle X-Ray scattering from the DESY source in Hamburg has been applied to approach this question, which is also central to the European research project "Nanotough", and the results are clearly presented in this book. The evolution of the materials structure is visualized and quantitatively analyzed from exhaustive sequences of scattering images. Three different classes of polymer composites are presented as typical and illustrative examples. The obtained results illustrate that the interactions of their components can cause unpredictable structural effects, ultimaltely leading to a weakening of the material, where a reinforcement was expected.
Author: Ahmad Zeinolebadi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642354130
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
The results in this dissertation set the ground to answer a fundamental question in data-driven polymer material science: "Why don't prepared composites show less fatigue than the pure plastics?" A simultaneous analysis of mechanical testing and small angle X-Ray scattering from the DESY source in Hamburg has been applied to approach this question, which is also central to the European research project "Nanotough", and the results are clearly presented in this book. The evolution of the materials structure is visualized and quantitatively analyzed from exhaustive sequences of scattering images. Three different classes of polymer composites are presented as typical and illustrative examples. The obtained results illustrate that the interactions of their components can cause unpredictable structural effects, ultimaltely leading to a weakening of the material, where a reinforcement was expected.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Author: Wenjie Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
Polymeric fibers are highly oriented semi-crystalline materials. High performance fibers with smaller diameter and fewer defects have higher strength than bulk materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or nanofibers (CNFs) have exceptionally high tensile strength modulus. Polymer fibers reinforced with CNTs or CNFs as nano-fillers are one of the most promising nanocomposites. To fully benefit from the unique mechanical properties of these nano-fillers, a better understanding of reinforcing mechanisms, especially load-transfer between matrix and fillers, is critical. X-ray scattering/diffraction is an ideal tool to look into the structure and morphology of materials over the length scale 1 nm to 100 nm. Synchtrotron x-ray radiation with its high brilliance enables in-situ dynamic measurement and is an effective method to monitor the structural and morphological chances in materials with hierarchical structure. Two-dimensional (2D) scattering data that are obtained from fibers need to be properly analyzed to fully characterize the hierarchical structure. In the work described in this dissertation, in situ small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) were obtained during tensile deformation of solution-spun and gel-spun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with or without nano-reinforcement. 2D elliptical analyses methods were developed to extract the significant features of 2D x-ray scattering data and correlated to structure and morphology of the fiber. The WAXS showed PAN to have zigzag and helical conformation that are intimately associated to the crystal lattice. It was found that the presence of nano-fillers alter the structure of polymer matrix at the molecular scale. At 10-100 nm length scale, the PAN filament can be modeled as fibrils with crystalline, amorphous domains and voids. These voids provide the electron density contrast for SAXS. PAN has non-lamellar structure that results in diffuse SAXS patterns. It was found that the voids were surrounded by fibrils and oriented the same manner as crystals. Processing conditions and fillers affect the distribution, size and behaviors of voids. These structural details enhance our understanding of the factors that control the ultimate mechanical properties of nano-reinforced polymer fibers.
Author: Yixin Zhao
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323952984
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials provides techniques for the analysis of geomaterials, which is of great significance for humans because geomaterials are related to earthquake, resource development, underground spaces, carbon dioxide storage, and more. The book introduces the fundamental theory of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering and covers pore accessibility characterization for natural rocks from four aspects, including quantitative evaluation of pore structure heterogeneity and anisotropy, quantification of pore modification in coals due to pulverization, estimation and modeling of coal pore accessibility, and nanoscale coal deformation and alteration of porosity and pore orientation under uniaxial compression. Finally, interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials are introduced, along with the connections between small-angle scattering and other techniques (NMR cytophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy and synchrotron radiation SAXS and nano-CT) described. Covers both theory and applications of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering as related to geomaterials Provides context for using the techniques described in the book in connection with other well-known techniques Includes analysis methods of interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials
Author: H. Brumberger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0792332512
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
The technique of smal1-angle soattering (SAS) is now about sixty years o1d. Soon after the first observations of, a continuous, intense X-ray scattering near the primary beam from samp1es such as canbo:tt,bla:cks, it was recognized that this scattering arose from e1ectron density heterogeneities on a scale of severa! tens to severa! hundred times the wave1ength of the radiation used. By the time the classic monograph of Guinier and Foumet appeared in 1955, much of the basic theory and instrumentation had been developed, and applications to colloidal suspensions, macromolecular solutions inc1uding proteins and viruses, fibers, porous and finely divided solids, metallic alloys etc. numbered in the hundreds. Following severa! specialized meetings, the first international conference on small-ang1e X-ray scattering was helditi, Syracuse in 1965, marked by the presentation of new scattering theory for polydisperse systems, polymer coils and filaments, new instrumentation (the Bonse-Hart camera), and new applications to polymeric, biologica!, and metallic systems, to critica! phenomena and to catalysts. The second conference (Graz, 1970) no longer dealt exclusively with X ray scattering, but also inc1uded neutron small-angle scattering (SANS). SANS applications developed rapidly during this period, especially for studying synthetic and biologica! macromolecules, when the possibilities of exploiting scattering Iength density differences, created by selective deuteration, were recognized.
Author: Giuseppe Portale
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128083387
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Author: Ullrich Pietsch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387400921
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
During the last 20 years interest in high-resolution x-ray diffractometry and reflectivity has grown as a result of the development of the semiconductor industry and the increasing interest in material research of thin layers of magnetic, organic, and other materials. For example, optoelectronics requires a subsequent epitaxy of thin layers of different semiconductor materials. Here, the individuallayer thicknesses are scaled down to a few atomic layers in order to exploit quantum effects. For reasons of electronic and optical confinement, these thin layers are embedded within much thicker cladding layers or stacks of multilayers of slightly different chemical composition. It is evident that the interface quality of those quantum weHs is quite important for the function of devices. Thin metallic layers often show magnetic properties which do not ap pear for thick layers or in bulk material. The investigation of the mutual interaction of magnetic and non-magnetic layers leads to the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance, for example. This property is strongly related to the thickness and interface roughness of covered layers.
Author: Michael R. Resetarits
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dislocations in crystals
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Victor M. Ugaz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Author: Matthew McDonald
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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