Impacts of Cover Crop and Residue Removal on Soil Hydraulic and Thermal Properties PDF Download
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Author: Michael T. Sindelar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crop residues
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Large-scale crop residue removal for livestock or biofuel production may negatively affect soil and water resources. A combination of management practices could be the key to manage such resources under increasingly variable climate. For instance, use of cover crops (CCs) could offset the negative impacts that corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal may have on soil water and energy balance. We studied: 1) the effect of corn residue removal (56%) with and without winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC on soil hydraulic and thermal properties including water infiltration, water retention, pores-size distribution, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity, 2) whether CCs offset any negative impacts of residue removal effects on the above properties, and 3) relationships of hydraulic and thermal properties with soil organic C and other properties. An experiment of corn residue removal and CCs in an irrigated no-till continuous corn located in south central Nebraska was used. All soil properties were measured 5 and 6 years after experiment onset except water infiltration and soil thermal properties, which were measured only after 6 years. Cover crops generally had no effect on soil hydraulic and thermal properties but increased soil organic C concentration (p = 0.10) in the 0 to 5 cm depth. However, corn residue removal consistently affected soil properties in the 0 to 10 cm soil depth. Residue removal reduced cumulative infiltration by 22 to 58% compared with no removal. It also reduced available water by 21 to 31%, thermal conductivity by 19 to 28%, specific heat capacity by 23 to 28%, soil wet aggregate stability by 17 to 30%, and soil organic C concentration by 25% in the 0 to 5 cm depth. The reduction in available water with residue removal was strongly correlated with a decrease in soil organic C concentration and wet aggregate stability. Thermal conductivity decreased with a decrease in soil water content, soil organic C, and bulk density due to residue removal. In conclusion, corn residue removal negatively impacted soil hydraulic and thermal properties and CCs were unable to completely offset but partially mitigated the negative impacts of residue removal.
Author: Michael T. Sindelar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crop residues
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Large-scale crop residue removal for livestock or biofuel production may negatively affect soil and water resources. A combination of management practices could be the key to manage such resources under increasingly variable climate. For instance, use of cover crops (CCs) could offset the negative impacts that corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal may have on soil water and energy balance. We studied: 1) the effect of corn residue removal (56%) with and without winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC on soil hydraulic and thermal properties including water infiltration, water retention, pores-size distribution, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity, 2) whether CCs offset any negative impacts of residue removal effects on the above properties, and 3) relationships of hydraulic and thermal properties with soil organic C and other properties. An experiment of corn residue removal and CCs in an irrigated no-till continuous corn located in south central Nebraska was used. All soil properties were measured 5 and 6 years after experiment onset except water infiltration and soil thermal properties, which were measured only after 6 years. Cover crops generally had no effect on soil hydraulic and thermal properties but increased soil organic C concentration (p = 0.10) in the 0 to 5 cm depth. However, corn residue removal consistently affected soil properties in the 0 to 10 cm soil depth. Residue removal reduced cumulative infiltration by 22 to 58% compared with no removal. It also reduced available water by 21 to 31%, thermal conductivity by 19 to 28%, specific heat capacity by 23 to 28%, soil wet aggregate stability by 17 to 30%, and soil organic C concentration by 25% in the 0 to 5 cm depth. The reduction in available water with residue removal was strongly correlated with a decrease in soil organic C concentration and wet aggregate stability. Thermal conductivity decreased with a decrease in soil water content, soil organic C, and bulk density due to residue removal. In conclusion, corn residue removal negatively impacted soil hydraulic and thermal properties and CCs were unable to completely offset but partially mitigated the negative impacts of residue removal.
Author: Inderjot Chahal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Crop residue removal negatively impacts the soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Therefore, inclusion of cover crops (CC) in the cropping systems offers an opportunity for maintaining agroecosystem functionality and counterbalancing the negative effects of crop residue removal on soil quality. Despite the multifunctional role of CC to agroecosystems, the benefits to soil quality have not been well investigated. Therefore, a medium-term experiment, established in 2007 and repeated at an adjacent site in 2008, at University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus was used to evaluate effects of CC (6-yr) and crop residue removal (3-yr) on soil quality (chemical, physical, and biological properties), nutrient cycling, and subsequent tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in a horticultural system in 2015 and 2016. This study is the first evaluation of comparisons between soil quality tests in a CC-based horticultural system in a temperate climate. Overall, our results indicated the positive influences of CC on soil quality where CCs had greater soil quality scores using comprehensive assessment of soil health (CASH), weighted soil quality test (WSQI), and Haney soil health test (HSHT) than the no CC control (no-CC). Among the three tested soil quality tests (CASH, HSHT, and WSQI), we recommend the WSQI as a more suitable and practical method for soil quality evaluation. An increase in the soil organic C (SOC) concentration with CC compared with no-CC indicates the potential of CCs to build stable pools of soil C. Cover crop induced temporal effects on labile pools of C and N were detected in our production system indicating the potential role of CC on nutrient cycling and microbial activity. Increases (15 to 28%) in tomato yields with CC than without CC further confirms the suitability of the tested CCs for increasing crop productivity in otherwise similar cropping systems. Study results indicate the long-term implications of CC on increasing soil and crop productivity.
Author: Andy Clark
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437903797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author: Jerry L. Hatfield
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0891188533
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
Degradation of soils continues at a pace that will eventually create a local, regional, or even global crisis when diminished soil resources collide with increasing climate variation. It's not too late to restore our soils to a more productive state by rediscovering the value of soil management, building on our well-established and ever-expanding scientific understanding of soils. Soil management concepts have been in place since the cultivation of crops, but we need to rediscover the principles that are linked together in effective soil management. This book is unique because of its treatment of soil management based on principles—the physical, chemical, and biological processes and how together they form the foundation for soil management processes that range from tillage to nutrient management. Whether new to soil science or needing a concise reference, readers will benefit from this book's ability to integrate the science of soils with management issues and long-term conservation efforts.
Author: Ruike Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Author: Yuxin He
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Crop residue removal for livestock feeding and biofuel production at large scales must be evaluated to assess impacts on soil productivity and properties. Among all the potential negative impacts, wind erosion is a major concern in the central Great Plains. We conducted an on-farm study from 2011 to 2013 by removing crop residue at five levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) to determine the effects of crop residue removal on soil wind erosion parameters such as dry aggregate size distribution including soil wind erodible fraction (EF 0.84 mm aggregates), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD), dry aggregate stability, and soil surface roughness. The sub-model of Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) developed by the USDA-ARS, Single-event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP) is a stand-alone companion software package that can be applied to simulate soil loss and dust emission from a single windstorm event. We applied measured data (i.e. EF, GMD, GSD, and roughness) to SWEEP for predicting wind velocity that can initiate wind erosion and soil loss under each crop residue removal condition with wind velocity at 13 m s−1. The threshold wind velocity to initiate wind erosion generally decreased with increase in crop residue removal levels, particularly for residue removal75%. The total amount of soil loss in 3 hours ranged from about 0.2 to 2.5 kg m−2 and depends on soil condition and crop residue cover. On the other hand, high-yielding crops can produce abundant crop residue, which then raises the question that if a farmer wants to reduce residue, what could they do without removing it? The application of fertilizer on crop residue to stimulate microbial activity and subsequent decomposition of the residue is often debated. We conducted wheat straw decomposition field experiments under different fertilizer rates and combinations at three locations in western Kansas following wheat harvest in 2011 and 2012. A double shear box apparatus instrumented with a load cell measured the shear stress required to cut wheat straw and photomicrography was used to measure the cross-sectional area of wheat straw after shearing. Total C and N were also analyzed. The fertilizer rate and timing of application during summer 2012 and Fall 2013 at the Hays site had impacts on wheat straw shear stress at break point. Across site years, earlier (fall) fertilizer application generally resulted in lower remaining aboveground biomass as compared to a spring application. Multivariate and linear regressions suggested that N and C:N ratio partially explain the results observed with respect to treatment effects on winter wheat residue decomposition.
Author: William Leonard Hargrove
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
The proceedings of this conference deal with the role of cover crops in water quality management, including reducing water runoff, soil erosion, agrichemical lost in runoff, and nitrate leaching to groundwater
Author: Humberto Blanco
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031303415
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 621
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Book Description
This updated and expanded second edition textbook, describes all main aspects of soil management, to address the serious problems of soil erosion and the attendant environmental pollution. The global high demands for food, fiber, feed, and fuel put a constant strain on the environment, which can only be mitigated by soil conservation. This edition incorporates new concepts and provides an up-to-date review of soil management principles and practices. The authors also added new chapters on cover crops, crop residues, soil water management, nutrient management, perennials in crop rotations and organic amendments. All practices have a clear perspective on addressing soil erosion, physical and chemical problems, carbon dynamics and sequestration as well as non-point source pollution. The restorative nature of many practices, also consider water conservation as a main pillar of sustaining a healthy soil. This textbook is valuable for students and professionals in soil science, agronomy, agricultural engineering, hydrology, and management of natural resources.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil moisture
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Author: Holland L. Hauenstein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agronomy
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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