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Author: Meleq Hoxhaj
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668378185
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : sq
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 10, University Of Vlora Ismail Qemali, language: Albanian, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze poverty, human capital and the relationship between them in Albania. Poverty is among the main problems of the world economy and poverty reduction today is considered as the main objective of the new millennium. Poverty in Albania grew after the 1990s. We had the following years of poverty reduction, but in recent years, we have again a slight increase. When analyzing data from the World Bank and other sources by linear regression, it appears that the rate of enrollment in primary education has a negative effect on GDP per capita, while there are positive correlations for GDP per capita and the rate of enrollment in secondary education. This paper suggests that, in order to enable the reduction of poverty, we need a greater involvement of the poor in the economy and increase the quantity and quality of human capital in Albania.
Author: Meleq Hoxhaj
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668378185
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : sq
Pages : 78
Get Book Here
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 10, University Of Vlora Ismail Qemali, language: Albanian, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze poverty, human capital and the relationship between them in Albania. Poverty is among the main problems of the world economy and poverty reduction today is considered as the main objective of the new millennium. Poverty in Albania grew after the 1990s. We had the following years of poverty reduction, but in recent years, we have again a slight increase. When analyzing data from the World Bank and other sources by linear regression, it appears that the rate of enrollment in primary education has a negative effect on GDP per capita, while there are positive correlations for GDP per capita and the rate of enrollment in secondary education. This paper suggests that, in order to enable the reduction of poverty, we need a greater involvement of the poor in the economy and increase the quantity and quality of human capital in Albania.
Author: Etleva Germenji
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The most dramatic recent immigration in Europe is the influx of more than 700,000 Albanians, about a quarter of the total Albanian workforce, in the 1990s. The vast majority migrated illegally. This paper analyses the determinants of Albanian migration based on a unique representative survey of rural households. The study confirms that migrants are mostly young, male, and single. Regional variations in migration reflect a combination of cultural and economic factors, including migration costs. However, we find that migrants do not come from the poorest rural households. Moreover, education has a positive, albeit non-linear, effect on the likelihood of migration. Migration is negatively related with household access to alternative income sources and reduced financial constraints but positively related with the presence and household's access to migration networks. Policy implications are that aid programs and government initiatives to invest in rural infrastructure and rural education may have mixed effects on migration. A key policy target to reduce migration should be the creation of non-farm rural employment and rural households' access to finance.
Author: Mansoora Rashid
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821349632
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
The main focus of this paper is to assess household welfare in Albania, describe the labor market, and evaluate the equity and efficiency of public expenditures on cash benefits and education. This report provides a benchmark against which future welfare developments of the population can be measured. It also includes a statistical annex.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1452745889
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
This paper examines the Progress Report for Albania’s National Strategy for Socio-Economic Development (NSSED). 2002 was the first year of implementing the NSSED. The implementation process has been oriented toward achieving the annual objectives and in accordance with the program of public priority measures for 2002–04. The experience gained in NSSED implementation, the definition and improvements to objectives and medium-term NSSED measures, the Millennium Development Goals, and Albania’s European integration objectives have all contributed to further improvements of the vision and medium and long-term NSSED objectives.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Weltbank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Since 1998 Albania has experienced an important transformation that has lifted it into the ranks of upper middle income countries and has allowed a sharp reduction in poverty. Growth averaged more than 6 percent per year between 1998 and 2010, the best performance in Europe. This helped to reduce absolute poverty by half, with the headcount rate falling from 25 percent of the population in 2002 to 12 percent in 2008. The recent period of global turmoil has dampened growth somewhat but not as sharply as in many other countries. These challenges suggest the need for a 'new growth agenda' and this is the central topic of the report. The report is organized into four chapters. Chapter one gives a macroeconomic overview, examines the potential vulnerabilities of the economy and proposes measures for maintaining macro-financial stability of the economy. It further elaborates the growth challenges Albania faces as newly arrived upper middle income country. Chapter two describes the human capital needs of the new growth agenda and focuses on education and skills. Chapter three examines the backbone infrastructure, while the final chapter addresses the investment climate and factors influencing the return on investment. The report provides a diagnosis of some of the key factors likely to drive future growth but without recommending specific products or areas for private investment. The report argues instead that the role of the government in this process is that of facilitator, removing the obstacles to investment and helping to provide information and institutions that private firms require to flourish.
Author: Sameh El-Saharty
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815828
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
The formation of human capital--the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lifetimes--is critical for the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Human capital contributes not only to human development and employment but also to the long-term sustainability of a diversified economic growth model that is knowledge based and private sector driven. This approach is critical, given that income from oil and gas will eventually decline and that the nature of work is evolving in response to rapid technological changes, in turn demanding new skill sets. The GCC governments have demonstrated their strong political will for this shift: four of them are among the first countries to join the World Bank’s Human Capital Project—a global effort to improve investments in people as measured by the Human Capital Index. The GCC countries face four main challenges: • Low levels of basic proficiency among schoolchildren • A mismatch between education and the labor market • A relatively high rate of adult mortality and morbidity • A unique labor market , in which wages in the public sector are more generous than in the private sector and government employment of nationals is virtually guaranteed To address these challenges, this report outlines four strategies in a“whole-of-government†? approach: • Investing in high-quality early childhood development • Preparing healthier, better educated, and skilled youth for the future • Enabling greater adult labor force participation • Creating an enabling environment for human capital formation These strategies are based on best practices in other countries and feature some of the GCC countries’ plans, including their national “Visions,†? to take their economies and societies further into the twenty-first century. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the GCC countries face additional challenges that may worsen some preexisting vulnerabilities and erode human capital. In response, the GCC governments have taken multiple measures to protect their populations’ health and their economies. Any country’s decision to reopen its economy needs to closely consider public health consequences to avoid a resurgence of infections and any further erosion of its human capital. The COVID-19 crisis underscores that the need to accelerate and improve investment in human capital has never been greater. Once the GCC countries return to a “new normal,†? they will be in a position to achieve diversified and sustainable growth by adopting, and then tailoring, the strategies presented in this report.
Author: Hermine G. De Soto
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821361716
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
This report provides key insights into the social exclusion processes that affect Roma and Egyptian communities in Albaniatwo of the most vulnerable minority communities in Albania. It offers advice on the design of concrete actions to facilitate the inclusion of Roma and Egyptian communities into Albanian society, and also includes feedback from the Roma and Egyptian communities on the study findings and recommendations.'Roma and Egyptians in Albania' includes supporting data collected via participatory methodologies conducted in eleven study sites to investigate the socio-economic, cultural, institutional, and historical situation of Roma and Egyptian communities across Albania. The report's proposed public policies and strategies on minority, poverty, and social exclusion issues have been endorsed by the Roma and Egyptian communities.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464816476
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
Human capital—the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lives—is a central driver of sustainable growth, poverty reduction, and successful societies. More human capital is associated with higher earnings for people, higher income for countries, and stronger cohesion in societies. Much of the hard-won human capital gains in many economies over the past decade is at risk of being eroded by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. Urgent action is needed to protect these advances, particularly among the poor and vulnerable. Designing the needed interventions, targeting them to achieve the highest effectiveness, and navigating difficult trade-offs make investing in better measurement of human capital now more important than ever. The Human Capital Index (HCI)—launched in 2018 as part of the Human Capital Project—is an international metric that benchmarks the key components of human capital across economies. The HCI is a global effort to accelerate progress toward a world where all children can achieve their full potential. Measuring the human capital that children born today can expect to attain by their 18th birthdays, the HCI highlights how current health and education outcomes shape the productivity of the next generation of workers and underscores the importance of government and societal investments in human capital. The Human Capital Index 2020 Update: Human Capital in the Time of COVID-19 presents the first update of the HCI, using health and education data available as of March 2020. It documents new evidence on trends, examples of successes, and analytical work on the utilization of human capital. The new data—collected before the global onset of COVID-19—can act as a baseline to track its effects on health and education outcomes. The report highlights how better measurement is essential for policy makers to design effective interventions and target support. In the immediate term, investments in better measurement and data use will guide pandemic containment strategies and support for those who are most affected. In the medium term, better curation and use of administrative, survey, and identification data can guide policy choices in an environment of limited fiscal space and competing priorities. In the longer term, the hope is that economies will be able to do more than simply recover lost ground. Ambitious, evidence-driven policy measures in health, education, and social protection can pave the way for today’s children to surpass the human capital achievements and quality of life of the generations that preceded them.
Author: Glenn-Marie Lange
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464810478
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Countries regularly track gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of their economic progress, but not wealth—the assets such as infrastructure, forests, minerals, and human capital that produce GDP. In contrast, corporations routinely report on both their income and assets to assess their economic health and prospects for the future. Wealth accounts allow countries to take stock of their assets to monitor the sustainability of development, an urgent concern today for all countries. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future covers national wealth for 141 countries over 20 years (1995†“2014) as the sum of produced capital, 19 types of natural capital, net foreign assets, and human capital overall as well as by gender and type of employment. Great progress has been made in estimating wealth since the fi rst volume, Where Is the Wealth of Nations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century, was published in 2006. New data substantially improve estimates of natural capital, and, for the fi rst time, human capital is measured by using household surveys to estimate lifetime earnings. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018 begins with a review of global and regional trends in wealth over the past two decades and provides examples of how wealth accounts can be used for the analysis of development patterns. Several chapters discuss the new work on human capital and its application in development policy. The book then tackles elements of natural capital that are not yet fully incorporated in the wealth accounts: air pollution, marine fi sheries, and ecosystems. This book targets policy makers but will engage anyone committed to building a sustainable future for the planet.
