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Author: Duwayne Marlo Anderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Computations are presented which show that the latent heat of freezing ice in equilibrium with sea water is less than that associated with freezing pure water at 0C. The difference is due primarily to a temperature effect that is opposed to some extent by the effect of dissolved substances in the brine. The difference probably amounts to about 7 cal/gm of ice for a brine of about 150 o/oo slinity, freezing at -8C. When the effect of this difference in the total heat required to raise the temperature and melt sea ice is computed by Schwerdtfeger's method, it is found to be of the order of 0.5 cal/gm of sea ice for an overall ice salinity of 8 o/oo and an initial temperature of -8C. The differences are small but significant and until true values are established, published values of heats of freezing and melting and specific heats of sea ice should be used with discretion. (Author).
Author: Duwayne Marlo Anderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Computations are presented which show that the latent heat of freezing ice in equilibrium with sea water is less than that associated with freezing pure water at 0C. The difference is due primarily to a temperature effect that is opposed to some extent by the effect of dissolved substances in the brine. The difference probably amounts to about 7 cal/gm of ice for a brine of about 150 o/oo slinity, freezing at -8C. When the effect of this difference in the total heat required to raise the temperature and melt sea ice is computed by Schwerdtfeger's method, it is found to be of the order of 0.5 cal/gm of sea ice for an overall ice salinity of 8 o/oo and an initial temperature of -8C. The differences are small but significant and until true values are established, published values of heats of freezing and melting and specific heats of sea ice should be used with discretion. (Author).
Author: Duwayne Marlo Anderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: A. Assur
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice crystals
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Author: E. R. Pounder
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483226964
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
The Physics of Ice covers the state of knowledge regarding the structure, properties, occurrence, and movement of ice. This book is composed of eight chapters, and begins with an introduction and in the fundamental aspects of ice, including pure water freezing, circulation, occurrence, classification, and importance of ice. The subsequent chapters describe the properties, structure, freezing, and composition of sea ice and ice drift. These topics are followed by discussions on the crystallographic features, and mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of ice. The concluding chapter examines the factor influencing ice growth and decay. This book is directed toward physicists and researchers in ice-related fields.
Author: Owen S. Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: David N. Thomas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470756926
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planet’s surface, is a major component of the world’s oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns. It provides a habitat for a rich diversity of marine organisms, and is an extremely valuable source of information in studies of global climate change and the evolution of present day life forms. Increasingly sea ice is being used as a proxy for extraterrestrial ice covered systems. Sea Ice provides a comprehensive review of our current available knowledge of polar pack ice, the study of which is severely constrained by the logistic difficulties of working in such harsh and remote regions of the earth. The book’s editors, Drs Thomas and Dieckmann have drawn together an impressive group of international contributing authors, providing a well-edited and integrated volume, which will stand for many years as the standard work on the subject. Contents of the book include details of the growth, microstructure and properties of sea ice, large-scale variations in thickness and characteristics, its primary production, micro-and macrobiology, sea ice as a habitat for birds and mammals, sea ice biogeochemistry, particulate flux, and the distribution and significance of palaeo sea ice. Sea Ice is an essential purchase for oceanographers and marine scientists, environmental scientists, biologists, geochemists and geologists. All those involved in the study of global climate change will find this book to contain a wealth of important information. All libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need multiple copies on their shelves. David Thomas is at the School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK. Gerhard Dieckmann is at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Author: A. Assur
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Salt
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Part of the salts contained in sea water are trapped in sea ice upon freezing. They form liquid and solid inclusions in a systematic pattern. The amount depends upon temperature and salinity. A detailed table of phase relations is given and a general theory is derived to show how the internal cavities may affect the strength of sea ice. The general theory leads to specific models. The principle of ring tensile strength tests is explained and a series for evaluation is given. Test data lead to a substantiation of theoretical principles and to an illustration of several hypotheses concerning the effect of solid salt inclusions upon strength. Observed sea ice phenomena are explained on the basis of internal structure. (Author).
Author: Michael A. Bilello
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Sea-ice surface temperatures observed at Eureka, N.W.T., Canada, during 1949-50 and 1950-51 were used to compute the numerical value of the expression k/L rho, where k = thermal conductivity, L = latent heat of fusion and rho = density. The numerical value for these combined physical properties of sea ice was found to increase from approximately 0.000047 to 0.00007 during ice growth (between 6 November and 22 December) from 0.6 to 1 m thickness. During the increase from 1.1 to 1.3 m (between 20 January and 10 February) the value of k/L rho ranged from 0.00007 to 0.00008 and then decreased slightly during the rest of the growth period. These variations in the value of k/L rho throughout the winter season were considered as changes in the effective conductivity caused by physical changes and distribution of brine in the sea ice. Since no observations on sea-ice salinity were made at Eureka, it was not possible to investigate the effect of the physical properties separately. A study on the relation between sea-ice accretion and temperature gradient disclosed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.73. (Author).
Author: David N. Thomas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9781444317152
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 641
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Book Description
As the Arctic perennial sea ice continues to disappear at an alarming rate, a full understanding of sea ice as a crucial global ecosystem, and the effects of its loss is vital for all those working with and studying global climate change. Building on the success of the previous edition, the second edition of Sea Ice, now much expanded and in full colour throughout, includes six completely new chapters with complete revisions of all the chapters included from the first edition. The Editors, Professor David Thomas and Dr Gerhard Dieckmann have once again drawn together an extremely impressive group of internationally respected contributing authors, ensuring a comprehensive worldwide coverage of this incredibly important topic. Sea Ice, second edition, is an essential purchase for oceanographers and marine scientists, environmental scientists, biologists, geochemists and geologists. All those involved in the study of global climate change will find this book to contain a wealth of important information. All libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need multiple copies of this book on their shelves. truly multidisciplinary approach world leading authors and editors international in scope, covering both Arctic and Antarctic work of vital interest to all those involved in global warming and climate change research highly illustrated full colour book with colour images throughout
Author: Melody Sandells
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 162705605X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
The cryosphere encompasses all regions of the planet that experiences water in ice form for some portion of the year. In this book, authors Melody Sandells and Daniela Flocco deliver an introduction to the physics of the cryosphere. This includes the Arcti
