Author: Joseph James Murray
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780050024560
Category : Natural selection
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Author: Theodosius Dobzhansky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetics
Languages : en
Pages : 364

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Author: National Academy of Sciences
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388

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Book Description
The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN: 0309039274
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 471

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Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologiesâ€"recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and moreâ€"are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater. Opportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needsâ€"for funding, effective information systems, and other supportâ€"of future biology research. Exploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309184746
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 101

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This book assesses the scientific value and merit of research on human genetic differencesâ€"including a collection of DNA samples that represents the whole of human genetic diversityâ€"and the ethical, organizational, and policy issues surrounding such research. Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity discusses the potential uses of such collection, such as providing insight into human evolution and origins and serving as a springboard for important medical research. It also addresses issues of confidentiality and individual privacy for participants in genetic diversity research studies.

Author: Joshua Richardson
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781634843324
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 137

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Book Description
Natural selection is the process which, being the most important factor of evolution, promotes rising of adaptability and prevents destructive consequences of all other processes. The concept of natural selection is a discordant problem of evolutionary human genetics. Despite popularity of a hypothesis of "neutral evolution", the majority of scientists consider that selection has played main role in evolution of species and has generated all bio-logical diversity of human populations. This book presents research on natural selection and genetic drift. The author of the first chapter provides an all-embracing macroevolutionary perspective on the processes of the evolution of life and culture on earth. The author investigates a complementary form of natural selection that diverges from the traditional form in that it is acting independently of the external environment. The next chapter discusses natural selection and diabetes mellitus. The last chapter examines how the genetic drift among native people from South American the Gran Chaco region affects interleukin 1 receptor antagonist variation.

Author: Ellen Leffler
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303423123
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 225

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Genetic variation within a population reflects a balance of evolutionary forces, with variation introduced by mutation or gene flow, eliminated by genetic drift or by positive/purifying selection and, potentially, maintained by balancing selection. In addition, the fates of variants are tied to those of nearby sites via linkage, to an extent determined by the recombination rate. Patterns of diversity throughout the genome thus hold a very rich, albeit convoluted and partial, record of evolutionary processes. It has become common to gather variation information across multiple individuals, increasingly genome-wide, providing the data with which to describe and test the influence of these various forces globally and at particular loci. In my dissertation, I use large-scale genetic variation data to address several evolutionary questions: First, I ask what are the important determinants of overall intraspecific genetic diversity levels by compiling and analyzing genetic diversity estimates from the literature for eukaryotic species. I find some intriguing patterns, but mainly highlight how much is still unresolved. Next, I use the genetic variation within two species, chimpanzees and humans, to look for evidence of loci under long-term balancing selection, a mode of selection for which conclusive signatures have been difficult to find and whose prevalence in nature is long debated. I find at least six loci with strong evidence that balancing selection has acted since before the species split, suggesting that long-term balancing selection may be more common than currently believed. Finally, using recombination events inferred from human pedigrees, I estimate the heritability of recombination phenotypes and conduct a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variation contributing to differences in recombination rates and patterns between individuals. These studies demonstrate how population patterns of genetic variation can provide insight into the action of selection and the genetic basis of recombination.

Author: Richard Frankham
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521878470
Category : Conservation of natural resources
Languages : en
Pages : 643

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Book Description
This impressive author team brings the wealth of advances in conservation genetics into the new edition of this introductory text, including new chapters on population genomics and genetic issues in introduced and invasive species. They continue the strong learning features for students - main points in the margin, chapter summaries, vital support with the mathematics, and further reading - and now guide the reader to software and databases. Many new references reflect the expansion of this field. With examples from mammals, birds ...

Author: G. S. Mani
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642515886
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 323

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309264944
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 399

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Book Description
Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program.