Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield and Related Characters in Bread Wheat (T. Aestivum L.em. Thell) Under Normal and Stress Environments PDF Download
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Author: Vijaipal Singh
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Vijaipal Singh
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Walter McLean Kelman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Author: Mala Kumari
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659814259
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important food crops, feeding about 40 % of the world's population. Genetic improvement in wheat focus on three main areas: enhancing yield, overcoming biotic and abiotic stress and improvement end use quality. Grain size is an important physical indicator of seed quality that affects vegetative growth and is frequently related to yield, market grade factors and harvest efficiency. The grain length, width, and area were associated with a 40% variation in the milling quality of Australian winter wheat cultivars. Grain color is also one of important traits affecting flour yield and quality in wheat. For effective improvement of quality and yield of wheat, a plant breeder must have knowledge of inheritance of quality and agronomic traits.
Author: Amir Mohamed Hussein Ibrahim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Heat stress sets an upper limit to maximizing wheat yields in many irrigated, low-altitude, tropical environments. Terminal heat stress also reduces wheat yields in certain Mediterranean environments in West Asia and North Africa. A study was carried out at three different environments in Sudan and Syria to identify potential selection traits and environments for breeding purposes. Seventeen morphological, physiological, and phenological traits were used to evaluate 16 diverse bread wheat genotypes under early, terminal, and continuous heat stress conditions. A plastic house experiment was also conducted to characterize the 16 genotypes for their response to photoperiod and vernalization. Early flowering/maturity, longer peduncles, larger number of kernels/spike, larger harvest index, and larger biomass played an important role under early and terminal heat stress conditions in Northern Syria. Medium flowering/maturity, semi-dwarf stature, denser ground cover, and larger biomass conferred better agronomic performance under continuous heat stress conditions in Wad Medani, Sudan. Unlike grain and biological yields, days to f lag leaf emergence, anthesis, and maturity showed stability across the three environments. Harvest index showed some stability across environments as well. None of the 16 genotypes was sensitive to day length. The late-maturing genotypes were sensitive to vernalization. A large amount of genetic variability was found for all the traits tested in all three environments to guarantee their use in a breeding program for heat stress.
Author: V. Kant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Author: Dion Bennett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plants
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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This study was conducted with the aim of improving our understanding of the genetic basis of the superior grain yield of an elite bread wheat breeding line, RAC875, under drought and heat stressed Mediterranean-type climates in southern Australia. Here, these abiotic stresses present a significant barrier to production. Kukri is a locally adapted variety which achieves acceptable grain yield under more favourable conditions, but relatively low grain yields under severe stress. A cross between the two lines resulted in an F1 derived doubled haploid population consisting of 368 individuals. The population was initially used for the genetic dissection of time to ear emergence and flag leaf glaucousness, with the latter trait hypothesised to explain a significant proportion of RAC875's relative drought and heat tolerance. Whilst parents of the population achieved similar time to ear emergence, segregation for Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1a created large variation for this trait within the population. Two novel minor loci were detected for time to ear emergence (Q.Eet.aww-1A and Q.Zad.aww-4A), in addition to another eight known, minor loci. Five novel loci were detected for flag leaf glaucousness (Q.W.aww-3A, Q.W.aww-3B, Q.W.aww-3D, Q.W.aww-4D and Q.W.aww-5B), with one in particular (Q.W.aww-3A) accounting for up to 52 percent of the genetic variance for this trait. Sixteen field experiments were sown across southern Australia between 2006 and 2010, where average site grain yields ranged from 314 to 5275 kg ha−1. Kernels per square metre was the trait most correlated with grain yield, while spikelet fertility, which had a significant positive correlation with grains per square metre in all experiments and the subsequently derived environment clusters, was also related to grain yield. Nine loci were detected for grain yield independent of time to ear emergence and plant height. Five of these loci co-located with loci for kernels per square metre and only one of these nine loci were associated with any of the loci for flag leaf glaucousness and this genetic effect was opposite (i.e. Kukri allele resulting in large glaucousness value and lower grain yield). The RAC875 allele at QTL on chromosomes 1B and 7A (Q.Yld.aww-1B and Q.Yld.aww-7A-2) was associated with greater grain yield, kernels per spikelet and kernels per square metre. These two loci were detected in environment clusters where heat stress was a differentiating factor and it was concluded that these may therefore be associated with heat stress tolerance. Another QTL of large effect was consistently detected on chromosome 6A (Q.Tkw.aww-6A), with the RAC875 allele positively affecting grain size, flag leaf width and stem water soluble carbohydrate content but resulting in lower kernels per spikelet and therefore kernels per square metre. Experiments were also sown to assess the performance of the population in north-west Mexico under well watered, high yield potential conditions, as well as drip irrigated drought treatment and late planted but well watered conditions to expose the experiments to heat stress. This resulted in three very distinctive treatments and subsequently detected different genetic regions controlling grain yield. Two distinct QTL were detected for grain yield and canopy temperature on chromosome 3B, under irrigated (Q.Yld.aww-3B-1) and irrigated, drought and heat stressed treatments (Q.Yld.aww-3B-2). The latter QTL accounted for up to 22 percent of the genetic variance for grain yield and 20 percent of the genetic variance for canopy temperature under the heat stress treatment. However, all three treatments failed to detect any major QTL of common effect to southern Australia. This study highlighted the complex genetic basis of grain yield and physical grain quality in drought and heat stressed conditions, as well as the importance of conducting QTL dissection in the target environment. However, key loci detected offer potential for marker development and deployment of marker assisted selection within wheat breeding programmes targeting southern Australia. In the longer term, this should help improve the rate of genetic gain for grain yield, increasing production by growers in the Mediterranean type climate of southern Australia.
Author: Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659115325
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 96
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) is an important cereal, used as staple food and a good source of income in different countries. It is providing food to the one third of world s population. Wheat grain is highly venerated for a number of products. To feed the increasing population of world is a great challenge for researchers. The only way to tackle this challenge is to develop new genotypes with good yield potential and to enhance the potential of available genotypes. Breeding strategies for high potential varieties made on the basis of scientific and agronomic knowledge is good way to achieve this goal. Both quality and quantity of grain are important targets to improve. Genetic analysis is one of best tools to exploit the potential of species for application on commercial scale. It will not only enable us to feed humanity but also direct to use natural resources in proper way.
Author: Shabir H Wani
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030595773
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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World population is growing at an alarming rate and may exceed 9.7 billion by 2050, whereas agricultural productivity has been negatively affected due to yield limiting factors such as biotic and abiotic stresses as a result of global climate change. Wheat is a staple crop for ~20% of the world population and its yield needs be augmented correspondingly in order to satisfy the demands of our increasing world population. “Green revolution”, the introduction of semi-dwarf, high yielding wheat varieties along with improved agronomic management practices, gave rise to a substantial increase in wheat production and self-sufficiency in developing countries that include Mexico, India and other south Asian countries. Since the late 1980’s, however, wheat yield is at a standoff with little fluctuation. The current trend is thus insufficient to meet the demands of an increasing world population. Therefore, while conventional breeding has had a great impact on wheat yield, with climate change becoming a reality, newer molecular breeding and management tools are needed to meet the goal of improving wheat yield for the future. With the advance in our understanding of the wheat genome and more importantly, the role of environmental interactions on productivity, the idea of genomic selection has been proposed to select for multi-genic quantitative traits early in the breeding cycle. Accordingly genomic selection may remodel wheat breeding with gain that is predicted to be 3 to 5 times that of crossbreeding. Phenomics (high-throughput phenotyping) is another fairly recent advancement using contemporary sensors for wheat germplasm screening and as a selection tool. Lastly, CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein mediated genome editing technology has been successfully utilized for efficient and specific genome editing of hexaploid bread wheat. In summary, there has been exciting progresses in the development of non-GM wheat plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stress and/or wheat with improved nutritional quality. We believe it is important to highlight these novel research accomplishments for a broader audience, with the hope that our readers will ultimately adopt these powerful technologies for crops improvement in order to meet the demands of an expanding world population.
![Stability Analysis of Yield and Yield Attributing Characters of Promising Bread Wheat [Triticum Aestivum (L) Em.thell] Genotypes [With CD Copy] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/dlZXzwEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Vijeta Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: V. R. Babu
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This investigation was undertaken to study comparative response of sixteen genetically diverse wheat varieties to soilsalinity and alkalinity based on both sedling and adult plant characters. Eight varieties (viz kharchia 65 wh 157, HD 2009, wl 711, WG 357, K-68, 1wp 72 and narbada 4) were subsequently crossed among themselves in a diallele fashion, ezcludinf the reciprocals for genetic analysis of their performance under favourble, saline and alkali soil conditions. Seed germination rate of emergence, hight and dry weight of seedlings got considerably reduced under the edaphic stress environments. Salinity based on NACl alone was found to cause more deletarious effects as compared to the same level of salinity based on mixed salts. Flag leaf area was found to have a positive and significant corelation with 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant under all the environments. The generl combining ability specific combining ability ratio indicated the preponderance of non additive gene effects for grain yield per plant grain yield of other than the first two tillers grain weight and dry matter per plant. Dominent alleles were preponderant among the parents for most of the characters but the expression of recessive genes was more important for plant height ear length number of spikelets per ear and number of grains per low for grain yield and dry matter per plant. Higher genetic advance values were obtained under favourable as compared to the stress environments. Genotypic and phenotypic co-efficients of variations were found to be more under stress as comparable to favourble environment. Estimates of general combining ability showed that the parents WL 711 and K-68 were good general combiners for the grain yield per plant under all the environments. The crosses HD 200 9xWG 357 and HD 2009xK-68 showed beterosis over the better parent for grain yield and ralated characters under all environments. None of the parents showed stability for the grain yield per plant.
