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Author: Ulrich Kück
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662103648
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a descriptive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for self incompatibility, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type specificities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgeff, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genetics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for bio chemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa, led to the one gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cere visiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.
Author: Ulrich Kück
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662103648
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a descriptive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for self incompatibility, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type specificities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgeff, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genetics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for bio chemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa, led to the one gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cere visiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.
Author: Christina Smolke
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527688099
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 532
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Book Description
A review of the interdisciplinary field of synthetic biology, from genome design to spatial engineering. Written by an international panel of experts, Synthetic Biology draws from various areas of research in biology and engineering and explores the current applications to provide an authoritative overview of this burgeoning field. The text reviews the synthesis of DNA and genome engineering and offers a discussion of the parts and devices that control protein expression and activity. The authors include information on the devices that support spatial engineering, RNA switches and explore the early applications of synthetic biology in protein synthesis, generation of pathway libraries, and immunotherapy. Filled with the most recent research, compelling discussions, and unique perspectives, Synthetic Biology offers an important resource for understanding how this new branch of science can improve on applications for industry or biological research.
Author: Helen Jeanneane McBride
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetic regulation
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
Author: Kevin L. Dietzel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Author: Vasudha Bharatula
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Transcription initiation is complex process involving transcription factors(TF), co-activators, nucleosome remodelers and the pre-initiation complex (PIC);general transcription factors (GTF) and RNA polymerase II (RNAP2). The spatiotemporalorganization of these different proteins and their role in regulatingplasticity and selectivity of transcriptional reprogramming in various stressesremains unknown. I describe the role of Multicopy Suppressor of Snf1 mutation(Msn2); a stress responsive transcription factor, Mediator (coactivator) andnucleosome remodeling in fine-tuning gene expression in response to stress inyeast.Msn2 exhibits distinct patterns of nucleo-cytoplasmic oscillations indifferent stresses. I determined that Msn2 target genes exhibited fast or slowinduction kinetics in response to transient and persistent Msn2 nuclearoccupancy respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed thatMsn2 binds promoters of common stress genes as well as condition specificgenes in nutrient and oxidative stresses, suggesting that TF dynamics could playa role in selective gene regulation in different stresses. Additionally, Msn2binding to ~30 oxidative genes was dependent on Yap1. However, deleting Msn2did not lead to a significant decrease in expression of oxidative stress responsegenes as did the absence of Yap1. These results suggest that indirectcooperativity between Msn2 and Yap1 could lead to selective promoter bindingbut the effects of such interactions on gene expression remain unclear.I studied the role of Mediator in native conditions, where its function has not been adequately addressed. Mediator occupies chromosomal interacting domains (CID), which mark boundaries between interacting genomic regions, suggesting that Mediator could play a significant role in higher-order genome organization along with functioning as a coactivator.Finally, I assessed the combined effect of Msn2, Mediator and nucleosome remodeling on gene expression upon nutrient deprivation. Both Msn2 and Mediator are selectively recruited to promoters of genes activated and repressed in nutrient stress. Genes activated by Msn2 exhibited rapid loss of nucleosomes, in an Msn2 dependent manner. In contrast, repression of genes was not accompanied by a significant gain in nucleosomes, suggesting additional mechanisms of repression could exist. The absence of Msn2, significantly decreased Mediator recruitment at promoters of target genes, indicating that Mediator- TF interactions are crucial for gene expression changes in stress. Interestingly, both RNAP2 and Mediator remained poised at promoters of repressed genes, possibly to re-initiate transcription once the stress has passed.These findings offer novel insights on how Msn2 regulates expression of specific genes depending on the environment by modulating its dynamics and genomic binding. The binding of Msn2 helps recruit Mediator and facilitate nucleosome loss at genes induced in stress. Whereas, repressed genes seems to possess Mediator and RNAP2 in an inactive form which could be the mechanism of repression and a way to activate these genes immediate after stress.
Author: Peter Willett Sherwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Author: Chang Seo Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Author: Stefan Hohmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540456112
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 398
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Book Description
Every cell has developed mechanisms to respond to changes in its environment and to adapt its growth and metabolism to unfavorable conditions. The unicellular eukaryote yeast has long proven as a particularly useful model system for the analysis of cellular stress responses, and the completion of the yeast genome sequence has only added to its power This volume comprehensively reviews both the basic features of the yeast genral stress response and the specific adapations to different stress types (nutrient depletion, osmotic and heat shock as well as salt and oxidative stress). It includes the latest findings in the field and discusses the implications for the analysis of stress response mechanisms in higher eukaryotes as well.
Author: Annie E. Tsong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Developing new regulation of existing genes is a major source of evolutionary novelty. In this thesis, I examine evolution of transcriptional regulation by dissecting a combinatorial regulatory circuit that governs mating-type in the ascomycete branch of the fungal lineage. I first determine the means by which four conserved transcription factors regulate mating-type in the pathogenic yeast C. albicans. I then closely compare the C. albicans circuit to that of S. cerevisiae, identifying several classes of changes that have arisen since their divergence from a common ancestor. Among the many changes identified, I focus on a group of orthologs, the a-specific genes, that is positively regulated in C. albicans, but is negatively regulated in S. cerevisiae. I demonstrate that positive regulation represents the ancestral form, and that the S. cerevisiae mode of negative regulation is a recently derived innovation. By examining the regulation of asgs in a group of 16 modern yeasts that diverged at successively later times from a common ancestor, I deduce specific, sequential changes in both cis- and trans-regulatory elements that constitute the transition from positive to negative regulation.
Author: Lee S. Hatton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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