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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309268524
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Author: Adrien Vogt-Schilb
Publisher: Inter-American Development Bank
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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All Latin America and the Caribbean countries have ratified the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to between 1.5C and 2C above pre-industrial levels. Those goals require reaching net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by around 2050 and substantial reductions of CO2 emissions by 2030. Getting to Net-Zero Emissions takes stock of the lessons learnt from the experiences of country teams implementing the ongoing IDB-led Deep Decarbonization Pathways in Latin America and the Caribbean Project and proposes approaches to developing and delivering long-term pathways to net-zero emissions by 2050. The report shows the essential role played by long-term strategies in terms of identifying and planning the deployment of the infrastructure and policy packages necessary to ensure a just transition towards a net-zero emission economy. Long-term strategies will help governments anticipate fiscal and financial costs, manage trade-offs, minimize social impacts, and define the sequence of policy reforms and investment priorities required to deliver a carbon-neutral future. The design of long-term strategies by 2020 in line with the timeline envisaged in the context of the Paris Agreement can guide the establishment of more ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and minimize stranded assets and associated costs. Long-term strategies are an essential instrument, both to contribute to the redirection of public and private investments, and to guide the dialogue with development institutions seeking to support sustainable and inclusive development. By reading this report, we hope that decision makers and technicians will gain insights into how to deliver decarbonization successfully.
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Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309682923
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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The world is transforming its energy system from one dominated by fossil fuel combustion to one with net-zero emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary anthropogenic greenhouse gas. This energy transition is critical to mitigating climate change, protecting human health, and revitalizing the U.S. economy. To help policymakers, businesses, communities, and the public better understand what a net-zero transition would mean for the United States, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine convened a committee of experts to investigate how the U.S. could best decarbonize its transportation, electricity, buildings, and industrial sectors. This report, Accelerating Decarbonization of the United States Energy System, identifies key technological and socio-economic goals that must be achieved to put the United States on the path to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The report presents a policy blueprint outlining critical near-term actions for the first decade (2021-2030) of this 30-year effort, including ways to support communities that will be most impacted by the transition.
Author: Alexander Laska
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Lance Noel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030048640
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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This book defines and charts the barriers and future of vehicle-to-grid technology: a technology that could dramatically reduce emissions, create revenue, and accelerate the adoption of battery electric cars. This technology connects the electric power grid and the transportation system in ways that will enable electric vehicles to store renewable energy and offer valuable services to the electricity grid and its markets. To understand the complex features of this emergent technology, the authors explore the current status and prospect of vehicle-to-grid, and detail the sociotechnical barriers that may impede its fruitful deployment. The book concludes with a policy roadmap to advise decision-makers on how to optimally implement vehicle-to-grid and capture its benefits to society while attempting to avoid the impediments discussed earlier in the book.
Author: Marianne Fay
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464806063
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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The science is unequivocal: stabilizing climate change implies bringing net carbon emissions to zero. This must be done by 2100 if we are to keep climate change anywhere near the 2oC warming that world leaders have set as the maximum acceptable limit. Decarbonizing Development: Three Steps to a Zero-Carbon Future looks at what it would take to decarbonize the world economy by 2100 in a way that is compatible with countries' broader development goals. Here is what needs to be done: -Act early with an eye on the end-goal. To best achieve a given reduction in emissions in 2030 depends on whether this is the final target or a step towards zero net emissions. -Go beyond prices with a policy package that triggers changes in investment patterns, technologies and behaviors. Carbon pricing is necessary for an efficient transition toward decarbonization. It is an efficient way to raise revenue, which can be used to support poverty reduction or reduce other taxes. Policymakers need to adopt measures that trigger the required changes in investment patterns, behaviors, and technologies - and if carbon pricing is temporarily impossible, use these measures as a substitute. -Mind the political economy and smooth the transition for those who stand to be most affected. Reforms live or die based on the political economy. A climate policy package must be attractive to a majority of voters and avoid impacts that appear unfair or are concentrated on a region, sector or community. Reforms have to smooth the transition for those who stand to be affected, by protecting vulnerable people but also sometimes compensating powerful lobbies.
Author: Paul Hawken
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1524704652
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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• New York Times bestseller • The 100 most substantive solutions to reverse global warming, based on meticulous research by leading scientists and policymakers around the world “At this point in time, the Drawdown book is exactly what is needed; a credible, conservative solution-by-solution narrative that we can do it. Reading it is an effective inoculation against the widespread perception of doom that humanity cannot and will not solve the climate crisis. Reported by-effects include increased determination and a sense of grounded hope.” —Per Espen Stoknes, Author, What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming “There’s been no real way for ordinary people to get an understanding of what they can do and what impact it can have. There remains no single, comprehensive, reliable compendium of carbon-reduction solutions across sectors. At least until now. . . . The public is hungry for this kind of practical wisdom.” —David Roberts, Vox “This is the ideal environmental sciences textbook—only it is too interesting and inspiring to be called a textbook.” —Peter Kareiva, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA In the face of widespread fear and apathy, an international coalition of researchers, professionals, and scientists have come together to offer a set of realistic and bold solutions to climate change. One hundred techniques and practices are described here—some are well known; some you may have never heard of. They range from clean energy to educating girls in lower-income countries to land use practices that pull carbon out of the air. The solutions exist, are economically viable, and communities throughout the world are currently enacting them with skill and determination. If deployed collectively on a global scale over the next thirty years, they represent a credible path forward, not just to slow the earth’s warming but to reach drawdown, that point in time when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere peak and begin to decline. These measures promise cascading benefits to human health, security, prosperity, and well-being—giving us every reason to see this planetary crisis as an opportunity to create a just and livable world.
Author: Julie R. Schiffman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369343304
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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California’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP) subsidizes the purchase of new and transitional zero-emission vehicles (ZEV). ZEV subsidies are currently exhausted for FY 2015-2016, with requests by California’s Air Resources Board (ARB) pending for additional funding. This master’s thesis investigates different fee structures that assess a fee on conventional gasoline vehicle purchases in order to create a self-sustaining funding system for the CVRP. This thesis uses data from the 2010-2012 California Household Travel Survey to assess the different types of vehicles purchased in California from 2011-2013 relation to household income, vehicle CO2 emissions, vehicle MSRP (Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price). It also examines the equity impacts of a vehicle fee according to various criteria set forth in different fee scenarios. An estimated $200 million is required to support CVRP rebates to meet ZEV sales targets established in the ZEV mandate, at least out to 2018.
