Factors Related to Screening Or the Lack of Screening for Prostate Cancer in African-American Males PDF Download
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Author: Lillian H. Logan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American men
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
This study was aimed at identifying reasons why African-American men do or do not seek prostate cancer screening. The aim was to explore and investigate demographics, myths related to health behaviors, perceived health status, access to health care, income, and insured status among a group of African-American males at a predominantly African-American church in Greenville County, South Carolina. There were 32 participants in this non-experimental descriptive correlational study. Data were analyzed using cross tabulation. The study revealed that most of the participants had a family physician, and acknowledged having a physical yearly. Age and other demographics appeared to play no role in prostate cancer screening. The study revealed that 19 of the participants acknowledged that they had not had a prostate examination within the last year and 22 participants did not have a prostate examination yearly. The research warrants further investigation with a larger group, investigating reasons why screening is not a part of the yearly physical examination. Physician/patient education related to informed decision-making and physician education related to offering prostate cancer screening must be addressed.
Author: Lillian H. Logan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American men
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
This study was aimed at identifying reasons why African-American men do or do not seek prostate cancer screening. The aim was to explore and investigate demographics, myths related to health behaviors, perceived health status, access to health care, income, and insured status among a group of African-American males at a predominantly African-American church in Greenville County, South Carolina. There were 32 participants in this non-experimental descriptive correlational study. Data were analyzed using cross tabulation. The study revealed that most of the participants had a family physician, and acknowledged having a physical yearly. Age and other demographics appeared to play no role in prostate cancer screening. The study revealed that 19 of the participants acknowledged that they had not had a prostate examination within the last year and 22 participants did not have a prostate examination yearly. The research warrants further investigation with a larger group, investigating reasons why screening is not a part of the yearly physical examination. Physician/patient education related to informed decision-making and physician education related to offering prostate cancer screening must be addressed.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The study aims were to: (1) use a randomized trial to evaluate an ongoing innovative intervention designed to facilitate screening adherence among African American men aged 55(+) years in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and (2) develop a survey to assess perceptions of cancer screening among African American men. No statistically significant differences were found in age, education or income between the intervention (n=301) and control (n=300) groups. A total of 9,949 calls have been made to intervention group participants to address competing needs preventing screening adherence. Survey items found through a literature search were placed into the Preventive Health Model framework. Two focus groups were held to evaluate the developing survey. Focus group results show cognitive/psychological factors of fear and anxiety regarding cancer diagnosis and lack of knowledge about screening tests and benefits. Wives and children were cited as the most important social support and influence persons affecting screening behavior. Programmatic/systemic screening-related factors included a trusted health care provider and health insurance. A final survey was developed. Abstracts were submitted for presentation at two national meetings. Study findings could help African American men benefit from participation in prostate cancer research.
Author: Rita Wortman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American men
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting incidence of prostate cancer screening tests in African American men. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among African American men, who die from the disease at more than twice the rate of white men. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Model guided the research. When detected early and monitored closely, prostate cancer may not differ for men of different ethnic backgrounds. The real problem may be in the lack of screening and delayed treatment in African American men. A purposive sample of 56 African American men was assessed using the Prostate Cancer Screening Knowledge instrument (PCSK), and correlations were sought between PCSK results and the three demographics of age, marital status, and education. The comparison found no statistically significant differences in PCSK results based on marital status and education. But the comparison did show higher PCSK scores among the men aged fifty and above, at a statistically significant level, suggesting that age is a determining factor in how much the men know and how much they would do regarding screenings.
Author: Susan Anita Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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ABSTRACT: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among African American men, and African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. Limited studies have been conducted that address this critical issue. Existing literature reveals that the primary cause of increased mortality rates of prostate cancer in African American men is lack of participation in prostate cancer screening activities. The purpose of this three-phase study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure prostate cancer screening intention among African American men. Three gender-specific focus groups were conducted in the first phase of the study. Twenty men from two north Florida churches participated in the focus groups. Eight dominant themes emerged from the focus groups and were utilized to develop the items for the intention instrument: fear, healthy lifestyle, hopelessness/helplessness, machismo, mistrust of healthcare providers, social/familial support, job requirements and transportation barriers. The second and third phases of the study consisted of development of the instrument and assessment of the instrument for validity and reliability. The Cancer Screening Intention Scale-Prostate (CSIS-P) consists of 43 items and was developed utilizing the results of the focus groups. The reading level of the CSIS-P was 5.6 utilizing the Flesch-Kincaid index and 7.0 utilizing the SMOG Readability Formula. The CSIS-P was assessed for content validity by a panel of oncology experts. The content validity index for the scale was .90 and internal consistency was found to be .92. The CSIS-P was evaluated for construct validity utilizing factor analysis techniques. Test-retest procedures were also conducted to assess stability of the CSIS-P and the reliability coefficient was .93. Factor analysis techniques demonstrated a three-structure model. The factors that emerged were benefits to prostate cancer screening, barriers to prostate cancer screening, and health promotion. The internal consistency of the three factors were found to be .88, .81, and .86 respectively. Factor analysis procedures reduced the CSIS-P to a 17-item scale. The CSIS-P is a parsimonious, culturally sensitive instrument that is valid and reliable in assessing prostate cancer screening intention. Recommendations for future study of the instrument include replication of the study with a more heterogeneous sample and utilization of the scale with other cancers.
Author: Michael C. Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
Federally qualified community health centers have a significant impact upon uninsured and low income populations in the United States by providing low cost primary care and preventive services. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine the impact of community health centers (CHCs) on African American males' prostate cancer screening behavior in a major Southern city. A sequential explanatory mixed method model was used to assess the differences between community health centers and similar low income clinics. Factors examined between the two groups were benefits of and barriers to prostate cancer screening trust in provider, prostate cancer knowledge, and susceptibility. A total of 135 African American males were surveyed and seven individual interviews conducted. Benefits, barriers, susceptibility, and trust scores were not statistically significant between the two groups. Findings suggest that, regardless of income, education, and insurance African American males who receive care within a CHC or other clinic lack knowledge related to prostate cancer and screening options.
Author: Michael A. Sanchez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309170133
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
Author: Quandra M. Whaley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer is one of the most significant health problems facing African American men today. Decreased participation in prostate cancer screening by African American men is a serious problem, as decreased survival rates occur when the diagnosis of prostate cancer is delayed. This descriptive cross-sectional study focuses on identifying the relationship between perceived barriers and prostate cancer screening practices among African American men. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical construct, current prostate cancer screening practices and perceived barriers to screening were examined in a sample of 52 African American men from men's clubs, barber shops, and churches located throughout North Florida. Perceived Barriers were measured by the Perceived Barriers Scale and participation in prostate cancer screening was measured by having a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) and/or Prostate Specific Antigen Test (PSA). Barriers most associated with decreased participation in prostate cancer screening were "would be embarrassed", "no way to get there", and "didn't know I needed one". Demographic factors that were significant predictors for non-participation in prostate cancer screening were not having insurance or a primary care doctor and lack of knowledge. A greater understanding of perceived barriers to prostate cancer screening may provide health care professionals with the information they need to implement strategies to address these barriers. The intent is to increase prostate cancer screening in African American men and ultimately decrease the rate of mortality from prostate cancer. Results of this study may help healthcare professionals increase prostate cancer awareness, facilitate education and screening behaviors of African American men through early detection and intervention.
Author: Benjamin Sener Dunlap
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Background: Most major U.S. medical organizations recommend that screening for prostate cancer using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test should be based on individual patient preferences. Men with risk factors for prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality may have different preferences for screening than men without any risk factors. Methods: We used nationally-representative survey data from the 2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Survey to assess PSA-screening patterns by age, family history of prostate cancer and race among men in the United States over 40 years old using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Men with any family history of prostate cancer were more likely to be screened using the PSA test in the last two years at any age (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.8-2.6), and men with a father and brother diagnosed were more likely to be screened than men with only a father diagnosed, after adjustment (p=0.019). Younger (40-54 year old) African-American or black men had a higher odds of being screened than White, non-Hispanic men of the same age, after adjustment (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.2-1.9), but this same adjusted comparison within other age groups indicated no significant difference in screening rates by race (age 55-69 years old: OR=1.0, 95% CI=0.8-1.3; age 70 years or more: OR=-0.9, 95% CI=0.7-1.3). Conclusion: There is considerable heterogeneity in PSA-screening practices. A family history of prostate cancer, and to a limited degree black or African-American race, both contribute to increased odds of undergoing screening. Understanding how to discuss risk factors with men to ensure individual patient preferences are appropriately integrated into screening decisions should be a priority for providers.
Author:
Publisher: Am Cncl on Science, Health
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
