Exploration of Gradient-type Poly(arylene Ether)s Via an Abb' Monomer System PDF Download
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Author: Alex V. Dolgov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Copolymers
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
Evidence shows that a gradient like copolymer can be synthesized using nucleophilic aromatic substitution, NAS, chemistry. Using the 4-chloro-3-fluoro-4'hydroxydiphenylsulfone monomer, 5, it is possible to control the ratios of the leaving groups, in this case the fluorine and the chlorine, with the right solvent and temperature. Alternating the temperatures will alter the substitution of the leaving groups, thus forming a polymer backbone of gradient characteristics. Initial reactions to determine the relative rates of displacement of the chlorine and fluorine atoms were carried out using a model compound, 1, which possessed the chlorine and fluorine leaving groups, but not the phenol group. Determining the pattern of leaving group substitution was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Author: Alex V. Dolgov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Copolymers
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
Evidence shows that a gradient like copolymer can be synthesized using nucleophilic aromatic substitution, NAS, chemistry. Using the 4-chloro-3-fluoro-4'hydroxydiphenylsulfone monomer, 5, it is possible to control the ratios of the leaving groups, in this case the fluorine and the chlorine, with the right solvent and temperature. Alternating the temperatures will alter the substitution of the leaving groups, thus forming a polymer backbone of gradient characteristics. Initial reactions to determine the relative rates of displacement of the chlorine and fluorine atoms were carried out using a model compound, 1, which possessed the chlorine and fluorine leaving groups, but not the phenol group. Determining the pattern of leaving group substitution was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Author: Patrick Himmelberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dendrimers
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Author: Johannes Töpler
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662449722
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
This book introduces readers to hydrogen as an essential energy carrier for use with renewable sources of primary energy. It provides an overview of the state of the art, while also highlighting the developmental and market potential of hydrogen in the context of energy technologies; mobile, stationary and portable applications; uninterruptible power supplies and in the chemical industry. Written by experienced practitioners, the book addresses the needs of engineers, chemists and business managers, as well as graduate students and researchers.
Author: J. Keith Nelson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441915915
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites provides the first in-depth discussion of nano-dielectrics, an emerging and fast moving topic in electrical insulation. The text begins with an overview of the background, principles and promise of nanodielectrics, followed by a discussion of the processing of nanocomposites and then proceeds with special considerations of clay based processes, mechanical, thermal and electric properties and surface properties as well as erosion resistance. Carbon nanotubes are discussed as a means of creation of non linear conductivity, the text concludes with a industrial applications perspective.
Author: Petrică Vizureanu
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838805680
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
This book is a primary survey of basic thermodynamic concepts that will allow one to predict states of a fuel cell system, including potential, temperature, pressure, volume and moles. The specific topics explored include enthalpy, entropy, specific heat, Gibbs free energy, net output voltage irreversible losses in fuel cells and fuel cell efficiency. It contains twelve chapters organized into two sections on “Theoretical Models” and “Applications.” The specific topics explored include enthalpy, entropy, specific heat, Gibbs free energy, net output voltage irreversible losses in fuel cells and fuel cell efficiency.
Author: Zhien Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030412954
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
This book presents a detailed discussion of the fundamentals and practical applications of membrane technology enhancement in a range of industrial processes, energy recovery, and resource recycling. To date, most books on the applications of membrane technology have mainly focused on gas pollution removal or industrial wastewater treatment. In contrast, the enhancement of various membrane processes in the areas of energy and the environment has remained largely overlooked. This book highlights recent works and industrial products using membrane technology, while also discussing experiments and modeling studies on the membrane enhancement process.
Author: Dennis W. Smith
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118850084
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 671
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Book Description
Handbook of Fluoropolymer Science and Technology A comprehensive handbook on fluoropolymer synthesis, characterization, and processing Fluoropolymers, one of the more durable classes of polymer materials, are known to enable novel technologies as a result of their remarkable properties. As key components in industry applications, fluoropolymers have established commercial interest and scientists have discovered more efficient approaches of handling them. This book reviews up-to-date fluoropolymer platforms as well as recently discovered methods for the preparation of fluorinated materials. It focuses on synthesis, characterization, and processing aspects, providing guidelines for practicing scientists and engineers. In addition, the book covers: Concepts and studies from leading international laboratories, including academia, government, and industrial institutions Emerging technologies and applications in energy, optics, space exploration, fuel cells, microelectronics, gas separation membranes, biomedical instrumentation, and more Current environmental concerns associated with fluoropolymers, relevant regulations, and growth opportunities Overall, the chapters provide coverage of chemical methods and help the reader further understand how fluoropolymer research provides solutions for material challenges. The concepts in this book also inspire professionals to identify new markets and funding sources for fluoropolymer research and development.
Author: Azita Alavi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461518857
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Proceedings of the Third Jenner International Glycoimmunology meeting held in Il Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, October 11-14, 1994
Author: Elizabeth Yuriev
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439854602
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
Structural Glycobiology covers the experimental, theoretical, and alternative technologies used in the study of the structural basis for the diverse biological roles of carbohydrates. The book overviews the application of specialized technologies to the study of carbohydrates in biology, reviews relevant and current research in the field, and is illustrated throughout by specific examples of how research investigations have yielded key structural and associated biological data on carbohydrates and glycolipids. In particular, the book focuses on: X-ray crystallography and small-angle scattering, NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy techniques Theoretical (modeling-based) approaches, such as molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, free energy calculations, and carbohydrate docking Alternative techniques for yielding structural information on carbohydrates from complex biological samples Carbohydrates in medicine, specifically in areas that have been directly impacted by our understanding of the structural role of carbohydrates in immune recognition: cancer, organ transplantation, and infection
Author: Doug Wilson
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789401096638
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
The last twenty years or so have seen a flurry of activity in the synthesis of new polymer systems. This interest has developed largely as a result of the increased need for advanced materials. Despite the emergence of a number of outstanding polymers, it is the polyimides that have captured the imagination of scientists and engineers alike as materials that offer outstanding promise for the high technology applic ations of the future. The reputation of the polyimide has been established on the bases of outstanding thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties and the ability to be fabricated into useful articles. Polyimides offer a versatility unparalleled in most other classes of macromolecules. Polymers can be prepared from a variety of starting materials, by a variety of synthetic routes. They can be tailor-made to suit specific applications. By judicious choice of starting materials, polymers can be made that offer variations in such properties as glass transition tempera ture, oxidative stability, toughness, adhesion, and permeability. It is this versatility that has led to the use of polyimides in a wide variety of applications. The electronics industry makes extensive use of poly imide films in, ior example, semiconductor applications. The leading polymer matrices for high temperature advanced composites are polyimides. High temperature adhesive systems for the bonding of metals or composites are often based on polyimides. In addition, polyimides are now finding use as fibres, foams, sealents and even membranes for the low energy separation of industrial gases.
