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Author: Masahiro Yoshida (Economist)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
The aging economies facing secular labor shortage are bound to respond by admitting foreign labor or by adopting labor-saving technology. This paper proposes that inflows of regional foreign labor guides the penetration of automation. I develop a dynamic spatial framework, in which tasks are optimally allocated across robots, and domestic or foreign labor. Then, I semi-parametrically recover cross-factor substitution schedules from a series of commuting zone-level elasticities of economic outcomes with respect to immigration, which are estimated using a 1940 ethnic settlement pattern. The model predicts that immigration's impact on wages during 1980-2015 could be reversed by including effects from immigration-induced adjustments of automation. I find that low-skilled immigration alone reduces routine occupation native wages, but raises the wages in the long run by retarding the adoption of automation, resulting in enhanced domestic welfare. Finally, I find that a universal basic income policy targeted to U. S. citizens will boost dependence on automation and foreign labor by upshifting routine occupation native wages.
Author: Masahiro Yoshida (Economist)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
The aging economies facing secular labor shortage are bound to respond by admitting foreign labor or by adopting labor-saving technology. This paper proposes that inflows of regional foreign labor guides the penetration of automation. I develop a dynamic spatial framework, in which tasks are optimally allocated across robots, and domestic or foreign labor. Then, I semi-parametrically recover cross-factor substitution schedules from a series of commuting zone-level elasticities of economic outcomes with respect to immigration, which are estimated using a 1940 ethnic settlement pattern. The model predicts that immigration's impact on wages during 1980-2015 could be reversed by including effects from immigration-induced adjustments of automation. I find that low-skilled immigration alone reduces routine occupation native wages, but raises the wages in the long run by retarding the adoption of automation, resulting in enhanced domestic welfare. Finally, I find that a universal basic income policy targeted to U. S. citizens will boost dependence on automation and foreign labor by upshifting routine occupation native wages.
Author: Karen Jeffrey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Toon Van Overbeke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Sreenath Majumder
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000171507
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
With digital automation becoming ubiquitous, the relationship between man and machine is being redefined. This book, through a focus on America, identifies the tension this relationship has produced, and how it has divided America socially, politically, and economically, ultimately breeding two fundamentally incompatible nations within one: the “forgotten America” and “elite America.” This book enables the reader to visualize the changes brought by automation on our producer and buyer identities, and suggests policy changes that global leaders could adopt to deal with the increasing discord. The book is heavily dependent on a few fundamental concepts of both economics and sociology, such as globalization, labor economics, and cultural homogenization. The book is ideally suited to students and academics researching political economics and sociology, with focuses on globalization, unemployment, and the social impacts of technological advances.
Author: Riccardo Campa
Publisher: D Editore
ISBN: 8894830209
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
Is Artificial Intelligence qualitatively different from other means of economizing the use of labor? Are we on the edge of a jobless society? If yes, are we ready for it? These are a few of the questions discussed in this collection of academic works. This book traces a brief history of the concept of technological unemployment; proposes a short-term scenario analysis concerning the relations between automation, education, and unemployment; analyzes the most recent literature on social robotics; examines the possible futures generated by the development of intelligent machines; shows the relation between automation and unemployment in an Italian case study; considers the impact if machines become effective pursuers of knowledge or even conscious; and addresses the role of serendipity in the development of science and technology.
Author: Ryan Kiggins
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319514660
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
This collection examines implications of technological automation to global prosperity and peace. Focusing on robots, information communication technologies, and other automation technologies, it offers brief interventions that assess how automation may alter extant political, social, and economic institutions, norms, and practices that comprise the global political economy. In doing so, this collection deals directly with such issues as automated production, trade, war, state sanctioned robot violence, financial speculation, transnational crime, and policy decision making. This interdisciplinary volume will appeal to students, scholars and practitioners grappling with political, economic, and social problems that arise from rapid technological change that automates the prospects for human prosperity and peace.
Author: B. Carlsson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401101450
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 501
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Book Description
In 1987 the Swedish National Board for Technical Development (STU, later becoming the Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical Development, NUTEK) initiated a study of Sweden's Technological Systems and Future Development Potential. A comprehensive, interdisciplinary study was envisioned, yielding not only useful insight but also a permanent competence base for future analyses of technological systems and technology policy in Sweden. Three leading Swedish research institutes were invited to participate: the Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research in Stockholm, the Department ofIndustrial Management and Economics at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, and the Research Policy Institute at the University of Lund. I was invited to direct the project. The project group decided to focus initially on a particular technological system, namely factory automation, to be followed by similar studies of other systems. Numerous publications have resulted from the project thus far. The current volume represents a summary of our work on factory automation. It consists of several original essays and of some previously published papers which have been edited, in some cases substantially, in order to form a comprehensive and coherent picture of a technological system. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth analysis of a technological system designed as a component of a systematic study of technological systems more generally. At the time of this writing, three further studies on electronics and computers, pharmaceuticals, and powder technology are under way, to be published in a later volume.
Author: Jiuyun Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation consists of four essays on politics and economics. They employ a rich set of methodologies from applied microeconomics and analytical political science in attempts to shed lights on how information, identity, and institutions interact and shape behaviors, politics, and policies. Chapter 1, "The Limits and Side Effects of Persuasion: Political Endorsement and Trust in Scientific Expertise During COVID-19" examines how the American public reacts to politically relevant information from reputable independent sources and how the reaction affects their subsequent information acquisition. I leverage the scientific journal Nature's high-profile political endorsement during the COVID-19 pandemic and conduct a large-sample pre-registered online experiment, in which respondents are randomly assigned to read a short message summarizing the endorsement. The results show that, instead of changing their views about the candidate being endorsement, individuals adjust their assessments of the information source, namely Nature, and their willingness to acquire information from the source. This behavioral response depends crucially on the individuals' political predisposition. In particular, those whose political views are contradicted by the endorsement react by reporting lower levels of trust toward the source and turn down subsequent information provided by it. On the other hand, individuals whose political views are confirmed by the endorsement have the opposite response. I show that this dynamic has adverse and polarizing effects on public health information acquisition during COVID-19 and public confidence in the scientific community. The results from Chapter 1 demonstrate that differences in prior political views can lead to selective exposure to information sources. This tendency has the potential to magnify existing polarization of beliefs, as individuals disproportionately receive information from like-minded sources. In an age of political divisions, it is imperative to understand how policy-making under democratic institutions responds to selective information exposure in equilibrium. Chapter 2 sheds lights on this question from a theoretical perspective. While Chapter 1 investigates the origin of selective exposure to information, Chapter 2 "One Side, Now: Selective Exposure and Electoral Competition" examines the consequence of such selective exposure in an electoral setting. In this chapter, Avidit Acharya, Peter Buisseret, Adam Meirowitz, and I construct and analyze a formal model of election with imperfectly informed voters. Crucially, and consistent with the implications of Chapter 1, voters on both sides only acquire information from politically likely-minded sources, which systematically under-report information that is at odds with its audience's predisposition. We show that, relative to a benchmark where voters are fully informed by balanced sources, selective exposure reduces policy platform polarization. This counter-intuitive result does not depend qualitatively on the assumption that sophisticated voters correctly process slanted information. Relaxing Bayesian rationality reveals that the resulting "behavioral" equilibrium still exhibits lower levels of platform polarization relative to the full-exposure benchmark, even though voters are gullible and their beliefs are systematically manipulated by the biased information environment. This chapter shows the critical role of institutions, in this case elections, in conditioning the effects of information and behaviors on political and policy outcomes in non-obvious ways. Chapter 3 "Rage Against the Merchant: Automation and the Political Economy of Trade Protection" studies the interaction between institutions and information empirically in a concrete policy setting of enormous economic significance. In particular, it examines the making of protectionist trade policies in the U.S. Congress and links it to the labor market impacts of automation. Using an instrumental variable strategy, I find quantitative evidence suggesting trade and globalization are "scapegoated" for economic dislocations caused by labor-displacing technologies. Specifically, the chapter documents that House of Representative members representing labor markets more exposed to industrial robots vote in a more protectionist way on trade bills. Further analyses show this relationship is likely mediated by House members being pressured to become more protectionist, instead of the selection of protectionist candidates into office. In addition, the effect is stronger in districts poorly served by the local media market, suggesting mis-attribution and lacks of information are a key mechanism. To conclude Chapter 3, I discuss the connections and differences between my findings and that of existing studies on the electoral consequences of automation, which largely focus on European legislative elections and U.S. presidential elections. I argue that the institution of the U.S. Congress explains the differences and that my results call for a more nuanced interpretation of the existing findings centered on policies. The fourth and final chapter "The Opioid of the Masses? On the Political Economy of Nationalism and Redistribution in Autocracies" explores the role of social identity and how identity interacts with its institutional environment. Unlike the previous chapters, Chapter 4 focuses on autocracies. I analyze a simple model of endogenous identity formation in a stylized autocratic political economy, where distributive conflicts are resolved by the threat of revolution. I show that nationalism, the self-identification of citizens with the nation, reduces citizens' demand for redistribution and their willingness to challenge the autocratic elite. A structural econometric model is developed to demonstrate the empirical applications of the theory. I explore the equilibrium implications of this behavioral model by embedding it in a model of autocratic policy-making, which shows that the legitimizing effect of nationalism accelerates economic growth but increases income inequality. This unambiguous prediction is in sharp contrast with previous theoretical works on national identity and redistribution in democracies, which predict multiple equilibria with varying levels of output and inequality.
Author: Ajay Agrawal
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226833127
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.
Author: L. Larry Liu
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781722609313
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Collected writings on contemporary social phenomena like the logic of automation, universal basic income and wealth inequality
