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Author: Yuanjie Pan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781339542485
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Ability of encapsulation systems to improve oxidative stability of the encapsulated bioactives and control the release of these compounds during digestion is critical for shelf-life of products and enhanced bioavailability of the encapsulated bioactives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (a) the effect of chemical and physical properties of the core and interface of encapsulation systems in influencing the oxidative stability of the encapsulated compounds, and (b) the influence of interfacial composition on dynamics of the interface during simulated intestinal digestion and the correlation of structural changes in interface with the release of free fatty acids. In this research, design of the interface of the encapsulation systems to improve the oxidative barrier properties includes engineering chemical and physical properties of the interface. Oil-in-water emulsion was selected as a model encapsulation system for encapsulating hydrophobic bioactive compounds. Chemical properties of the interface were engineered using localization of antioxidants at the interface by selecting emulsifiers with antioxidant properties and chemical conjugation of antioxidants to the interfacial layer. Physical properties of the interface were modified using a layer-by-layer coating approach at the emulsion interface. To evaluate the influence of core properties of the encapsulation systems in influencing oxidative stability of bioactives, encapsulation systems were designed using both lipid and protein cores. In the case of lipid core encapsulation systems, oil-in-water emulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were evaluated. In the case of protein core particles, zein protein core particles were synthesized and the oxidative barrier properties of these particles were compared with emulsions. Oxidative barrier properties of the encapsulation systems were simulated by measuring the rate of reaction of peroxyl radicals generated in the aqueous phase with the encapsulated radical sensitive dye in the core. The results of peroxyl radical permeation were compared to the stability of encapsulated model bioactives in encapsulation systems. Structure changes of the interface of encapsulation systems during simulated intestinal digestion were measured using a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based real-time method and these changes were correlated with the release of free fatty acids. Role of biopolymer coatings at the interface in influencing the structure changes of interface during intestinal digestion was evaluated. The results of this research demonstrate the advantage of localization of antioxidant at the interface using emulsifiers with antioxidant properties and localizing a model antioxidant at the interface by chemical conjugation of the antioxidant to the interfacial layer in reducing permeation of radicals and oxidation of a model encapsulated bioactive. However, short chain polymer coatings at the interface of encapsulation systems had limited impact on improving the oxidative stability of the model encapsulated bioactive. Zein colloidal particles had improved oxidative stability against radical induced oxidation compared to oil-in-water emulsions. Neither zein colloidal particles nor oil-in-water emulsions were capable of limiting oxygen induced oxidation. By comparing the oxidative stability of encapsulated bioactives in SLNs and NLCs, the results suggest that the intra-particle distribution of the encapsulated bioactive affected their oxidative stability. Oxidative stability of the encapsulated bioactive improved as the proportion of liquid lipid within particles increased in NLCs. FRET method was effective in measuring the real-time changes in the interface during digestion without separation the encapsulation systems. Results from the FRET measurements were correlated to the release of free fatty acids. The results demonstrate that the disruption of phospholipids at the interface and the displacement from the interface was instantaneous upon addition of bile salts. Moreover, addition of a second layer of polymers at the interface could decrease the extent of interface disruption by bile salts and pancreatic lipase and the release of free fatty acids during intestinal digestion. Overall, the results of this research provide a quantitative framework to engineer the interface and core of encapsulation systems and evaluate their oxidative barrier properties and also enable detailed understanding of real-time dynamics of interface of encapsulation systems during simulated intestinal digestion. This comprehensive approach can enable rational design and engineering of encapsulation systems for extended oxidative stability and controlled release of encapsulated bioactives.
Author: Yuanjie Pan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781339542485
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Ability of encapsulation systems to improve oxidative stability of the encapsulated bioactives and control the release of these compounds during digestion is critical for shelf-life of products and enhanced bioavailability of the encapsulated bioactives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (a) the effect of chemical and physical properties of the core and interface of encapsulation systems in influencing the oxidative stability of the encapsulated compounds, and (b) the influence of interfacial composition on dynamics of the interface during simulated intestinal digestion and the correlation of structural changes in interface with the release of free fatty acids. In this research, design of the interface of the encapsulation systems to improve the oxidative barrier properties includes engineering chemical and physical properties of the interface. Oil-in-water emulsion was selected as a model encapsulation system for encapsulating hydrophobic bioactive compounds. Chemical properties of the interface were engineered using localization of antioxidants at the interface by selecting emulsifiers with antioxidant properties and chemical conjugation of antioxidants to the interfacial layer. Physical properties of the interface were modified using a layer-by-layer coating approach at the emulsion interface. To evaluate the influence of core properties of the encapsulation systems in influencing oxidative stability of bioactives, encapsulation systems were designed using both lipid and protein cores. In the case of lipid core encapsulation systems, oil-in-water emulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were evaluated. In the case of protein core particles, zein protein core particles were synthesized and the oxidative barrier properties of these particles were compared with emulsions. Oxidative barrier properties of the encapsulation systems were simulated by measuring the rate of reaction of peroxyl radicals generated in the aqueous phase with the encapsulated radical sensitive dye in the core. The results of peroxyl radical permeation were compared to the stability of encapsulated model bioactives in encapsulation systems. Structure changes of the interface of encapsulation systems during simulated intestinal digestion were measured using a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based real-time method and these changes were correlated with the release of free fatty acids. Role of biopolymer coatings at the interface in influencing the structure changes of interface during intestinal digestion was evaluated. The results of this research demonstrate the advantage of localization of antioxidant at the interface using emulsifiers with antioxidant properties and localizing a model antioxidant at the interface by chemical conjugation of the antioxidant to the interfacial layer in reducing permeation of radicals and oxidation of a model encapsulated bioactive. However, short chain polymer coatings at the interface of encapsulation systems had limited impact on improving the oxidative stability of the model encapsulated bioactive. Zein colloidal particles had improved oxidative stability against radical induced oxidation compared to oil-in-water emulsions. Neither zein colloidal particles nor oil-in-water emulsions were capable of limiting oxygen induced oxidation. By comparing the oxidative stability of encapsulated bioactives in SLNs and NLCs, the results suggest that the intra-particle distribution of the encapsulated bioactive affected their oxidative stability. Oxidative stability of the encapsulated bioactive improved as the proportion of liquid lipid within particles increased in NLCs. FRET method was effective in measuring the real-time changes in the interface during digestion without separation the encapsulation systems. Results from the FRET measurements were correlated to the release of free fatty acids. The results demonstrate that the disruption of phospholipids at the interface and the displacement from the interface was instantaneous upon addition of bile salts. Moreover, addition of a second layer of polymers at the interface could decrease the extent of interface disruption by bile salts and pancreatic lipase and the release of free fatty acids during intestinal digestion. Overall, the results of this research provide a quantitative framework to engineer the interface and core of encapsulation systems and evaluate their oxidative barrier properties and also enable detailed understanding of real-time dynamics of interface of encapsulation systems during simulated intestinal digestion. This comprehensive approach can enable rational design and engineering of encapsulation systems for extended oxidative stability and controlled release of encapsulated bioactives.
Author: Dr Jamileh M. Lakkis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111894688X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
The emergence of the discipline of encapsulation and controlled release has had a great impact on the food and dietary supplements sectors; principally around fortifying food systems with nutrients and health-promoting ingredients. The successful incorporation of these actives in food formulations depends on preserving their stability and bioavailability as well as masking undesirable flavors throughout processing, shelf life and consumption. This second edition of Encapsulation and Controlled Release Technologies in Food Systems serves as an improvement and a complement companion to the first. However, it differentiates itself in two main aspects. Firstly, it introduces the reader to novel encapsulation and controlled release technologies which have not yet been addressed by any existing book on this matter, and secondly, it offers an in-depth discussion on the impact of encapsulation and controlled release technologies on the bioavailability of health ingredients and other actives. In common with the first edition the book includes chapters written by distinguished authors and researchers in their respective areas of specialization. This book is designed as a reference for scientists and formulators in the food, nutraceuticals and consumer products industries who are looking to formulate new or existing products using microencapsulated ingredients. It is also a post-graduate text designed to provide students with an introduction to encapsulation and controlled release along with detailed coverage of various encapsulation technologies and their adaptability to specific applications.
Author: D R Karsa
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845698215
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
Encapsulation and controlled release combines basic information on the subject with details of the latest research, making it suitable for both newcomers to the field and those with experience of encapsulation technology. It will also be of great interest to those working on water-soluble or dispersible polymers, as well as application chemists and biochemists in diverse areas.
Author: Munmaya K. Mishra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000566927
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 491
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Book Description
The field of encapsulation, especially microencapsulation, is a rapidly growing area of research and product development. Applications of Encapsulation and Controlled Release offers a broad perspective on a variety of applications and processes, including, up-to-date research, figures, tables, illustrations, and references. Written at a level comprehensible to non-experts, it is a rich source of technical information and current practices in research and industry.
Author: Munmaya Mishra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482232340
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1516
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Book Description
The field of encapsulation, especially microencapsulation, is a rapidly growing area of research and product development. The Handbook of Encapsulation and Controlled Release covers the entire field, presenting the fundamental processes involved and exploring how to use those processes for different applications in industry. Written at a level comp
Author: Hae-Soo Kwak
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118292294
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 547
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Book Description
Today, nano- and microencapsulation are increasingly being utilized in the pharmaceutical, textile, agricultural and food industries. Microencapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets of a food are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules. These capsules can be imagined as tiny uniform spheres, in which the particles at the core are protected from outside elements by the protective coating. For example, vitamins can be encapsulated to protect them from the deterioration they would undergo if they were exposed to oxygen. This book highlights the principles, applications, toxicity and regulation of nano- and microencapsulated foods. Section I describes the theories and concepts of nano- and microencapsulation for foods adapted from pharmaceutical areas, rationales and new strategies of encapsulation, and protection and controlled release of food ingredients. Section II looks closely at the nano- and microencapsulation of food ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals, phytochemical, lipid, probiotics and flavors. This section provides a variety of references for functional food ingredients with various technologies of nano particles and microencapsulation. This section will be helpful to food processors and will deal with food ingredients for making newly developed functional food products. Section III covers the application of encapsulated ingredients to various foods, such as milk and dairy products, beverages, bakery and confectionery products, and related food packaging materials. Section IV touches on other related issues in nano- and microencapsulation, such as bioavailability, bioactivity, potential toxicity and regulation.
Author: Shirish Sonawane
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128193646
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 379
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Book Description
Encapsulation of Active Molecules and Their Delivery System covers the key methods of preparation of encapsulation, as well as release mechanisms and their applications in food, biotechnology, metal protection, drug delivery, and micronutrients delivery in agriculture. The book also provides real-life examples of applications in food and other industries. Sections encompasses (i) Synthesis and characterization methods of micro- and nanocarriers as the delivery systems, (ii) Up-to-date encapsulation techniques in the areas of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and corrosion, (iii) The release methods of the encapsulated materials, and (iv) Industry perspectives, including scale up of the processes. Focuses on encapsulation processes in chemical and materials engineering and biotechnology Provides a relevant resource for the pharmaceutical and food industries Presents wide coverage on the entrapment of molecules that scales-up to industrial sized needs
Author: Ya Jiang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Controlled release preparations
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
The health promotive properties of phenolic compounds attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of their biological and pharmacological effects including antioxidative and cytoprotective functions. Green tea catechins and curcumin have been extensively studied and they both show strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but low bioavailability is always a problem. Therefore, effective delivery systems could be a solution to enhance their oral bioavailability. In this study tea catechins were encapsulated in two W/O/W double emulsion systems, protein-polysaccharide complex coacervates and emulsifiers/polysaccharide stabilized double emulsion. Physicochemical characteristics were determined for both systems. The coacervate encapsulation achieved 90.5% encapsulation efficiency, and the other double emulsion reached 94.5% efficiency. Coacervate-encapsulated catechins were stable in artificial gastric juice, and could target-release catechins in small intestinal juice triggered by pH. Curcumin was dissolved in medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and further emulsified in water. Curcumin nano-emulsions had average particle sizes of 150.5nm and 148.4nm for 1% and 1.5% curcumin, respectively. The encapsulation efficiencies were 77.5% for 1% curcumin emulsion and 71.5% for 1.5% emulsion. Oral administration of nano-emulsified curcumin could inhibit TPA-induced edema on mouse ears by 100%, and significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory factors IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-9, and cyclin D1 dose-responsively. The anti-inflammatory effects directly indicated enhanced bioavailability of curcumin. Protein-polysaccharide coacervation was further applied to enzyme encapsulation. [alpha]-Amylase can form coacervate with kappa-carrageenan under optimized conditions, and reach 99.3% encapsulation efficiency. Enzyme kinetics showed that encapsulation could strongly protect [alpha]-Amylase from acid denaturation, suggesting that the stoichiometric complexation of [alpha]-amylase did not alter the active binding sites of enzyme. In summary, low cost, convenient and highly efficient encapsulation methods using food grade natural biopolymers have been developed to encapsulate nutraceuticals or enzyme. The encapsulation systems have protective, target-releasing, and bioavailability enhancing functions.
Author: C. Anandharamakrishnan
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012824223X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Science and Technology provides all the possible applications of liposomes in food and allied systems, along with recent advances made in these fields. This helps researchers in food science and technology, as well as those in interdisciplinary fields, better explore the opportunities that liposomal encapsulation offers. Among other topics, the book covers formulation and characterization of liposome, liposome mediated encapsulation of antimicrobials and probiotics, liposome-assisted delivery of enzymes and proteins, and liposome for delivery of dietary nutrients and nutraceuticals, etc. This approach facilitates building better dedicated or tandem approaches in respective fields for process/product development. Written by an international team of contributors, the book will aid academicians in developing more industry useful tools/techniques/products. Brings a broader overview of different modules of liposomal encapsulation of bioactive food supplements Provides all the possible applications of liposomes in food and allied systems, along with recent advances made in these fields Includes chemical, physical, medical and stability related chapters
Author: Seid Mahdi Jafari
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128097418
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Nanoencapsulation of Food Bioactive Ingredients: Principles and Applications brings different nanoencapsulated food bioactive ingredients, their structure, applications, preparation, formulations and encapsulation methodologies, covering a wide range of compounds and giving detailed examples of the issues faced in their nano-encapsulation. The book addresses findings related to the study of natural food colorants, vitamins, antimicrobial agents, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, flavors, essential oils, fish oil and essential fatty acids, and other related ingredients. As a definitive manual for researchers and industry personnel working, or interested in, various branches of encapsulation for food ingredients and nutraceutical purposes, users will find this a great reference. Explains different categories of nanoencapsulated food ingredients, covering their applications, nanoencapsulation techniques, release mechanisms and characterization methods Addresses findings related to the study of natural food colorants, vitamins, antimicrobial agents, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, flavors and essential oils Provides a deep understanding and potential of nanoencapsulated food ingredients, as well as their novel applications in functional foods and nutraceutical systems
