Effects of Varying the Protein and Energy Levels in Growing Swine Rations PDF Download
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Author: Robert S. Lowrey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Proteins
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Author: Robert S. Lowrey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Proteins
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Author: Henry J. A. Likuski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogen in animal nutrition
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
These experiments were designed to study the effect that feeding rations varying in energy and protein level had on energy and nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen retention by weanling rats and growing swine. A 2 x 2 factorial design using rations containing gross energy levels of 3.2 and 3.9 Cal./gm. and crude protein levels of 14 and 187. was used for the major studies. Rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization by swine fed these rations from weaning to market weight, and carcass characteristics of the market swine were also studied. Twenty percent Terralite, a fine aggregate of vermiculite, was used to lower the digestible energy content of the rations. In the rat trial Terralite compared favourably with Alphacel, a non-nutritive cellulose, previously used as a diluent in studies of this nature with rats. The apparent digestibility of energy and nitrogen by rats and swine were similar. Although swine digestibility figures varied with the age of the pig, the average was near that obtained for weanling rats. Nitrogen digestibility decreased for both species when a diluent was used to lower the energy content of the ration. As the diets had energy-protein ratios below that required for maximum nitrogen utilization by rats, nitrogen retention as a percentage of gross or digestible nitrogen was low for all diets used in the rat trial. On the basis of nitrogen retention weanling pigs, however, required a higher level of protein in their ration than was required by weanling rats. In the trial with 15 lb. pigs the percent nitrogen retention was increased by raising the protein level of the ration. At later stages of growth nitrogen retention appeared to decrease when high levels of protein were fed. Rate of gain and feed efficiency in pigs from weaning to market weight were improved by feeding high levels of protein during early stages of growth, and by increasing the energy level of the ration at later stages. Feeding high levels of protein during the finishing period decreased rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization. Carcass quality was not seriously affected by feeding high energy rations when they contained corresponding high levels of protein. However, pigs fed low energy rations did have the superior carcasses. During the later stages of growth male pigs made faster weight gains than females. Female pigs, however, excelled males in all carcass characteristics measured.
Author: Willis Frank Nickelson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fat
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309024404
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Author: John F. Patience
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9086867561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Author: Alfred James Clark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Proteins
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Author: Walter Herbert Kennick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pork
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037956
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Author: Findlay Moye Pate
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Swine
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
An experiment was conducted with 48 Yorkshire x Berkshire crossbred barrows to evaluate the influence of varying Calorie: protein ratios in high-fat rations on performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing swine. Pigs were individually fed rations containing three levels of fat (lard): 0, 15 and 30 percent. Each fat level was incorporated into rations differing by Calorie: protein ratio (Kcal. digestible energy per gram of crude protein). Two ratios were employed, based on (1) a ration containing 1500 Kcal. of digestible energy and 14 percent crude protein, approximately that commonly used in swine grower diets, and (2) a ration containing a similar energy level as (1), with the crude protein level raised to 20 percent. Responses were obtained over two growth periods (60-130 and 130-200 pounds live weight). Animals were slaughtered after exceeding a weight of 200 pounds and carcass data were collected. Pigs consuming the higher protein diets exhibited a significantly poorer average daily gain (P
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309051266
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
