Developing Essential Understanding of Algebraic Thinking for Teaching Mathematics in Grades 3-5 PDF Download
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Author: Maria L. Blanton
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780873536684
Category : Algebra
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Like algebra at any level, early algebra is a way to explore, analyse, represent and generalise mathematical ideas and relationships. This book shows that children can and do engage in generalising about numbers and operations as their mathematical experiences expand. The authors identify and examine five big ideas and associated essential understandings for developing algebraic thinking in grades 3-5. The big ideas relate to the fundamental properties of number and operations, the use of the equals sign to represent equivalence, variables as efficient tools for representing mathematical ideas, quantitative reasoning as a way to understand mathematical relationships and functional thinking to generalise relationships between covarying quantities. The book examines challenges in teaching, learning and assessment and is interspersed with questions for teachers’ reflection.
Author: Maria L. Blanton
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780873536684
Category : Algebra
Languages : en
Pages : 102
Get Book Here
Book Description
Like algebra at any level, early algebra is a way to explore, analyse, represent and generalise mathematical ideas and relationships. This book shows that children can and do engage in generalising about numbers and operations as their mathematical experiences expand. The authors identify and examine five big ideas and associated essential understandings for developing algebraic thinking in grades 3-5. The big ideas relate to the fundamental properties of number and operations, the use of the equals sign to represent equivalence, variables as efficient tools for representing mathematical ideas, quantitative reasoning as a way to understand mathematical relationships and functional thinking to generalise relationships between covarying quantities. The book examines challenges in teaching, learning and assessment and is interspersed with questions for teachers’ reflection.
Author: Carne Barnett-Clarke
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English
ISBN: 9780873536301
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 83
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Book Description
What is the relationship between fractions and rational numbers? Can you explain why the product of two fractions between 0 and 1 is less than either factor? How are rational numbers related to irrational numbers, which your students will study in later grades? How much do you know… and how much do you need to know? Helping your upper elementary school students develop a robust understanding of rational numbers requires that you understand this mathematics deeply. But what does that mean? This book focuses on essential knowledge for teachers about rational numbers. It is organised around four big ideas, supported by multiple smaller, interconnected ideas-essential understandings. Taking you beyond a simple introduction to rational numbers, the book will broaden and deepen your mathematical understanding of one of the most challenging topics for students and teachers. It will help you engage your students, anticipate their perplexities, avoid pitfalls and dispel misconceptions. You will also learn to develop appropriate tasks, techniques and tools for assessing students’ understanding of the topic. Focus on the ideas that you need to understand thoroughly to teach confidently.
Author: Albert Dean Otto
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English
ISBN: 9780873536677
Category : Division
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Unpacking"" the ideas related to multiplication and division is a critical step in developing a deeper understanding. To those without specialised training, many of these ideas might appear to be easy to teach. But those who teach in grades 3-5 are aware of their subtleties and complexities. This book identifies and examines two big ideas and related essential understandings for teaching multiplication and division in grades 3–5. Big Idea 1 captures the notion that multiplication is usefully defined as a scalar operation. Problem situations modelled by multiplication have an element that represents the scalar and an element that represents the quantity to which the scalar applies. Big Idea 2 relates to the algorithms that problem solvers have invented - some of which have become “standard” - for multiplying and dividing. The authors examine the ways in which counting, adding and subtracting lead to multiplication and division, as well as the role that these operations play in algebraic expressions and other advanced topics. The book examines challenges in teaching, learning and assessment and is interspersed with questions for teachers’ reflection.
Author: John K. Lannin
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English
ISBN: 9780873536660
Category : Effective teaching
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Book Description
How do your students determine whether a mathematical statement is true? Do they rely on a teacher, a textbook or various examples? How can you encourage them to connect examples, extend their ideas to new situations that they have not yet considered and reason more generally? How much do you know...and how much do you need to know? Helping your students develop a robust understanding of mathematical reasoning requires that you understand this mathematics deeply. But what does that mean? This book focuses on essential knowledge for teachers about mathematical reasoning. It is organised around one big idea, supported by multiple smaller, interconnected ideas - essential understandings.Taking you beyond a simple introduction to mathematical reasoning, the book will broaden and deepen your mathematical understanding of one of the most challenging topics for students and teachers. It will help you engage your students, anticipate their perplexities, avoid pitfalls and dispel misconceptions. You will also learn to develop appropriate tasks, techniques and tools for assessing students' understanding of the topic. Focus on the ideas that you need to understand thoroughly to teach confidently.
Author: Barbara J. Dougherty
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780873536295
Category : Number concept
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
How do composing and decomposing numbers connect with the properties of addition? Focus on the ideas that you need to thoroughly understand in order to teach with confidence. The mathematical content of this book focuses on essential knowledge for teachers about numbers and number systems. It is organised around one big idea and supported by smaller, more specific, interconnected ideas (essential understandings). Gaining this understanding is essential because numbers and numeration are building blocks for other mathematical concepts and for thinking quantitatively about the real-world. Essential Understanding series topics include: Number and Numeration for Grades Pre-K-2 Addition and Subtraction for Grades Pre-K-2 Geometry for Grades Pre-K-2 Reasoning and Proof for Grades Pre-K-8 Multiplication and Division for Grades 3-5 Rational Numbers for Grades 3-5 Algebraic Ideas and Readiness for Grades 3-5 Geometric Shapes and Solids for Grades 3-5 Ratio, Proportion and Proportionality for Grades 6-8 Expressions and Equations for Grades 6-8 Measurement for Grades 6-8 Data Analysis and Statistics for Grades 6-8 Function for Grades 9-12 Geometric Relationships for Grades 9-12 Reasoning and Proof for Grades 9-12 Statistics for Grades 9-12
Author: Gwendolyn M. Lloyd
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English
ISBN: 9780873536707
Category : Effective teaching
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Why do some equations have one solution, others two or even more solutions and some no solutions? Why do we sometimes need to ""switch"" the direction of an inequality symbol in solving an inequality? What could you say if a student described a function as an equation? How much do you know...and how much do you need to know? Helping your students develop a robust understanding of expressions, equations and functions requires that you understand this mathematics deeply. But what does that mean? This book focuses on essential knowledge for teachers about expressions, equations and functions. It is organised around five big ideas, supported by multiple smaller, interconnected ideas - essential understandings. Taking you beyond a simple introduction to expressions, equations and functions, the book will broaden and deepen your mathematical understanding of one of the most challenging topics for students - and teachers. It will help you engage your students, anticipate their perplexities, avoid pitfalls and dispel misconceptions. You will also learn to develop appropriate tasks, techniques and tools for assessing students' understanding of the topic. Focus on the ideas that you need to understand thoroughly to teach confidently.
Author: Janet H. Caldwell
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English
ISBN: 9780873536646
Category : Addition
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
What is the relationship between addition and subtraction? How do you know whether an algorithm will always work? Can you explain why order matters in subraction but not in addition or why it is false to assert that the sum of any two whole numbers is greater than either number? It is organised around two big ideas and supported by smaller, more specific, interconnected ideas (essential understandings). Gaining an understanding about addition and subtraction is essential as they are the foundation for students’ later learning of multiplication and division. Essential Understanding Series topics include: Number and Numeration for Grades Pre-K-2 Addition and Subtraction for Grades Pre-K-2 Geometry for Grades Pre-K-2 Reasoning and Proof for Grades Pre-K-8 Multiplication and Division for Grades 3-5 Rational Numbers for Grades 3-5 Algebraic Ideas and Readiness for Grades 3-5 Geometric Shapes and Solids for Grades 3-5 Ratio, Proportion and Proportionality for Grades 6-8 Expressions and Equations for Grades 6-8 Measurement for Grades 6-8 Data Analysis and Statistics for Grades 6-8 Function for Grades 9-12 Geometric Relationships for Grades 9-12 Reasoning and Proof for Grades 9-12 Statistics for Grades 9-12
Author: Joanne Elizabeth Lobato
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English
ISBN: 9780873536226
Category : Curriculum planning
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"A series for teaching mathematics."--P. [1] of cover.
Author: Carolyn Kieran
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319683519
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
This book highlights new developments in the teaching and learning of algebraic thinking with 5- to 12-year-olds. Based on empirical findings gathered in several countries on five continents, it provides a wealth of best practices for teaching early algebra. Building on the work of the ICME-13 (International Congress on Mathematical Education) Topic Study Group 10 on Early Algebra, well-known authors such as Luis Radford, John Mason, Maria Blanton, Deborah Schifter, and Max Stephens, as well as younger scholars from Asia, Europe, South Africa, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, present novel theoretical perspectives and their latest findings. The book is divided into three parts that focus on (i) epistemological/mathematical aspects of algebraic thinking, (ii) learning, and (iii) teaching and teacher development. Some of the main threads running through the book are the various ways in which structures can express themselves in children’s developing algebraic thinking, the roles of generalization and natural language, and the emergence of symbolism. Presenting vital new data from international contexts, the book provides additional support for the position that essential ways of thinking algebraically need to be intentionally fostered in instruction from the earliest grades.
Author: Susan Jo Russell
Publisher: Heinemann Educational Books
ISBN: 9780325041919
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"To truly engage in mathematics is to become curious and intrigued about regularities and patterns, then describe and explain them. A focus on the behavior of the operations allows students starting in the familiar territory of number and computation to progress to true engagement in the discipline of mathematics." -Susan Jo Russell, Deborah Schifter, and Virginia Bastable Algebra readiness: it's a topic of concern that seems to pervade every school district. How can we better prepare elementary students for algebra? More importantly, how can we help all children, not just those who excel in math, become ready for later instruction? The answer lies not in additional content, but in developing a way of thinking about the mathematics that underlies both arithmetic and algebra. Connecting Arithmetic to Algebra invites readers to learn about a crucial component of algebraic thinking: investigating the behavior of the operations. Nationally-known math educators Susan Jo Russell, Deborah Schifter, and Virginia Bastable and a group of collaborating teachers describe how elementary teachers can shape their instruction so that students learn to: *notice and describe consistencies across problems *articulate generalizations about the behavior of the operations *develop mathematical arguments based on representations to explain why such generalizations are or are not true. Through such work, students become familiar with properties and general rules that underlie computational strategies-including those that form the basis of strategies used in algebra-strengthening their understanding of grade-level content and at the same time preparing them for future studies. Each chapter is illustrated by lively episodes drawn from the classrooms of collaborating teachers in a wide range of settings. These provide examples of posing problems, engaging students in productive discussion, using representations to develop mathematical arguments, and supporting both students with a wide range of learning profiles. Staff Developers: Available online, the Course Facilitator's Guide provides math leaders with tools and resources for implementing a Connecting Arithmetic to Algebra workshop or preservice course. For information on the PD course offered through Mount Holyoke College, download the flyer.
